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The role of L-arginine metabolism in neurocritical care patients

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1446-1453页

作者： Marius marc-Daniel Mader Patrick Czorlich Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA

Nitric oxide is an important mediator of vascular autoregulation and is involved in pathophysiological changes after acute neurological *** oxide is generated by nitric oxide synthases from the amino acid L-arginine.L-arginine can also serve as a substrate for arginases or lead to the generation of dimethylarginines,asymmetric dimethylarginine,and symmetric dimethylarginine,by *** dimethylarginine is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and can lead to endothelial *** review discusses the role of L-arginine metabolism in patients suffering from acute and critical neurological disorders often requiring neuro-intensive care *** addressed in this review include intracerebral hemorrhage,aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,and traumatic brain *** therapeutic advances in the field are described including current randomized controlled trials for traumatic brain injuries and hemorrhagic stroke.

关键词： arginine brain injuries,traumatic cerebral hemorrhage dimethylarginine nitric oxide stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage

Growth and Photosynthesis Responses of a Super Dwarf Rice Genotype to Shade and Nitrogen Supply

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Rice science 2021年第2期28卷 178-190页

作者： marc SChMIERER Oliver KNOPF Folkard ASCh Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics University of HohenheimStuttgart 70599Germany Institute for Bio-and Geo-Sciences IBG-2:Plant SciencesForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich 52428Germany

Specific aspects of plant cultivation require tests under fully controlled environmentalconditions with restricted energy supply, such as orbit-based space laboratories and low-light *** these growing conditions, super dwarf plants have been developed as model crops, and a gibberellindeficientSuper Dwarf Rice genotype was proposed as a model crop for space flight plant *** tested this genotype in a climate chamber experiment under different illumination and nitrogen supplylevels to assess its suitability under scenarios with limited resource availability. A 25% reduction inillumination led to a 75% reduction in yield, mainly due to a 60% reduction in formed tillers and 20%reduction in grain weight, and a 80% reduction in illumination caused total yield loss. Leaf area underreduced illumination was significantly lower, and only marginal changes in the dimensions of leaves wereobserved. Plant photosynthesis was not significantly different between control and 75% illumination. Thiswas explained by a higher photochemical efficiency under lower light conditions and a reduced mesophyllresistance. Therefore, we concluded that this genotype is well-suited for plant experiments under spaceand light-limited conditions since it kept its small stature and showed no shade avoidance mechanisms,such as leaf elongation, which would complicate experiments under low-light conditions. Nitrogenconcentrations of 2.8 and 1.4 mmol/L led to no differences in plant growth. We concluded that a nitrogenconcentration of 1.4 mmol/L is sufficient for this genotype under the light intensities.

关键词： super dwarf rice photosynthetic limitation analysis shade nitrogen

Impact of Low-Impact Development Technologies from an Ecological Perspective in Different Residential Zones of the City of Atlanta, Georgia

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Engineering 2018年第2期4卷 30-35页

作者： Zackery B. Morris Stephen M. Malone Abigail R. Cohen marc J. Weissburg bert Bras George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0405 USA School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

Low-impact development （LID） technologies have a great potential to reduce water usage and stormwa- ter runoff and are therefore seen as sustainable improvements that can be made to traditional water infrastructure, These technologies include bioretention areas, rainwater capturing, and xeriscaping, all of which can be used in residential zones, Within the City of Atlanta, residential water usage accounts for 53% of the total water consumption; therefore, residential zones offer significant impact potential for the implementation of LID, This study analyzes the use of LID strategies within the different residen- tial zones of the City of Atlanta from an ecological perspective by drawing analogies to natural ecosys- tems, The analysis shows that these technologies, especially with the addition of a graywater system, work to improve the conventional residential water network based upon these ecological metrics, The higher metric values suggest greater parity with healthy, natural ecosystems.

关键词： Low-impact development Ecological network analysis Residential water consumption

Preventing physician quality of life from impinging on patient quality of care: Weakening the weekend effect

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第27期13卷 3667-3670页

作者： marc D Basson Department of Surgery John D Dingell VA Medical Center and Wayne State University Detroit Michigan United States

Imprecise or delayed care can reflect many factors, including straightforward difficulties in physician judgment and false negative tests. however, the movement toward decreasing physician work hours also leads to delays in care caused by inadequate staffing or inadequate communication between staffing, which must be addressed if quality of care is to remain high. The demonstration of delays in the management of anastomotic leaks over weekends or in association with false positive radiologic studies exemplifies this challenge.

关键词： Anastomosis Communication Contrast Delay hand-off Intestine Staffing Weekend

Cachexia and pancreatic cancer: Are there treatment options?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9361-9373页

作者： Tara C Mueller marc A Burmeister Jeannine Bachmann marc E Martignoni Department of Surgery University Hospital Rechts der IsarTechnical University of Munich Braun Melsungen AG/Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf

Cachexia is frequently described in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and is associated with reduced survival and quality of life. Unfortunately, the therapeutic options of this multi-factorial and complex syndrome are limited. This is due to the fact that, despite extensive preclinical and clinical research, the underlying pathological mechanisms leading to PDAC-associated cachexia are still not fully understood. Furthermore, there is still a lack of consensus on the definition of cachexia, which complicates the standardization of diagnosis and treatment as well as the analysis of the current literature. In order to provide an efficient therapy for cachexia, an early and reliable diagnosis and consistent monitoring is required, which can be challenging especially in obese patients. Although many substances have been tested in clinical and preclinical settings, so far none of them have been proven to have a long-term effect in ameliorating cancer-associated cachexia. however, recent studies have demonstrated that multidimensional therapeutic modalities are able to alleviate pancreatic cancer-associated cachexia and ultimately improve patients’ outcome. In this current review, we propose a stepwise and pragmatic approach to facilitate and standardize the treatment of cachexia in pancreatic cancer patients. This strategy consists of nutritional, dietary, pharmacological, physical and psychological methods.

关键词： Cachexia Pancreatic neoplasms Nutritional support Gastrointestinal neoplasms

Approximation of h(div)with high-Order Optimal Finite Elements for Pyramids,Prisms and hexahedra

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第10期14卷 1372-1414页

作者： Morgane Bergot marc Durufle CALVI project team INRIA Nancy-Grand EstStrasbourgFrance BACChUS project team INRIA Bordeaux Sud-OuestBordeauxFrance.

Classical facet elements do not provide an optimal rate of convergence of the numerical solution toward the solution of the exact problem in h(div)-norm for general unstructured meshes containing hexahedra and *** propose two new families of high-order elements for hexahedra,triangular prisms and pyramids that recover the optimal *** elements have compatible restrictions with each other,such that they can be used directly on general hybrid *** the h(div)proposed spaces are completing the De Rham diagram with optimal elements previously constructed for h1 and h(curl)*** obtained pyramidal elements are compared theoretically and numerically with other elements of the ***,numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the finite elements constructed.

关键词： Facet elements high-order finite element pyramids h(div)approximation De Rham diagram

how We Will Discover Sentience in AI

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Journal of Social Computing 2023年第3期4卷 181-192页

作者： marc M.Anderson the LORIA UMR 7503Universitéde LorraineInria the CNRS Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54506France

This paper explores the question of how we can know if Artificial Intelligence(AI)systems have become or are becoming *** an overview of some arguments regarding AI sentience,it proceeds to an outline of the notion of negation in the philosophy of Josiah Royce,which is then applied to the arguments already ***’s notion of the primitive dyadic and symmetric negation relation is shown to bypass such *** negation relation and its expansion into higher types of order are then considered with regard to how,in small variations of active negation,they would disclose sentience in AI ***,I argue that the much-hyped arguments and apocalyptic speculations regarding Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)takeover and similar scenarios,abetted by the notion of unlimited data,are based on a fundamental misunderstanding of how entities engage their ***,limitation,proceeding from the symmetric negation relation,expands outward into higher types of order in polyadic relations,wherein the entity self-limits and creatively moves toward uniqueness.

关键词： artificial intelligence sentience consciousness negation Josiah Royce logic Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)

The Siberian Traps and the End-Permian mass extinction:a critical review

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第1期54卷 20-37页

作者： Andy SAUNDERS marc REIChOW Department of Geological Sciences University of Leicester

The association between the Siberian Traps,the largest continental flood basalt province,and the largest-known mass extinction event at the end of the Permian period,has been strengthened by re-cently-published high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dates from widespread localities across the Siberian prov-ince[1]. We argue that the impact of the volcanism was amplified by the prevailing late Permian envi-ronmental conditions―in particular,the hothouse climate,with sluggish oceanic circulation,that was leading to widespread oceanic anoxia. Volcanism released large masses of sulphate aerosols and carbon dioxide,the former triggering short-duration volcanic winters,the latter leading to long-term warming. Whilst the mass of CO2 released from individual eruptions was small compared with the total mass of carbon in the atmosphere-ocean system,the long ‘mean lifetime’ of atmospheric CO2,com-pared with the eruption flux and duration,meant that significant accumulation could occur over periods of 105 years. Compromise of the carbon sequestration systems (by curtailment of photosynthesis,de-struction of biomass,and warming and acidification of the oceans) probably led to rapid atmospheric CO2 build-up,warming,and shallow-water anoxia,leading ultimately to mass extinction.

关键词：西伯利亚二叠纪温室气候海洋缺氧 CO2 SO2

Boundary layer influence on ship model tests in extremely shallow and confined water

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Journal of hydrodynamics 2023年第2期35卷 365-378页

作者： Evert Lataire Asif Raza marc Vantorre Guillaume Delefortrie Maritime Technology Division Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium ANAST University of LiègeLiègeBelgium Flanders hydraulics Research AntwerpBelgium

Ships sailing in shallow and/or confined water(when calling a harbour or other berthing areas),will experience a different behaviour due to the interaction with vertical and/or horizontal *** other hydrodynamic changes induced in confined water,the lateral ship-bank interaction force changes its sign at a critical distance between ship and bank or ***,this distance and its effects on model test results have not been quantified in the *** investigate the shallow water hydrodynamics coupled with bank effects,systematic model tests were carried out at Flanders hydraulics Research(FhR)with different ship *** following parameters were systematically varied:water depth,lateral position,speed,and propeller *** change of the ship-bank induced lateral force from an attraction force in medium-deep and shallow water to a repulsion force in extremely shallow water conditions,can be ascribed to the interaction of the boundary layers of the ship model and the environment(tank and installed banks).In this article,a mathematical model is proposed for the critical distance in terms of boundary layer influence *** indicates the range where the model tests are influenced by the horizontal or vertical restrictions combined with the propeller’s dynamic ***,the expression has also been extended to describe the relationship between full-scale ship length and water depth with the boundary layer influence *** to lower Reynolds numbers and relatively thicker boundary layers at model scale,upscaling of the model test results,according to Froude’s law,may provide erroneous *** influence of the boundary layer initiates at a relatively higher under keel clearance(UKC)for a smaller ship model compared with a larger ship ***,the boundary layer’s influence with respect to ship model length should be considered during model testing.

关键词： Shallow water hydrodynamics bank effects boundary layer model tests mathematical model