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Dynamics of hepatic and intestinal cholesterol and bile acid pathways: The impact of the animal model of estrogen deficiency and exercise training

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第23期8卷 961-975页

作者： Jean-marc Lavoie Department of Kinesiology University of Montreal

Plasma cholesterol level is determined by a complex dynamics that involves transport lipoproteins which levels are tightly dependent on how the liver and the intestine regulate cholesterol and biliary acid metabolism. Regulation of cholesterol and biliary acids by the liver and the intestine is in turn coupled to a large array of enzymes and transporters that largely influence the inflow and the outflow of cholesterol and biliary acids through these organs. The activity of the key regulators of cholesterol and biliary acids may be influenced by several external factors such as pharmacological drugs and the nutritional status. In recent years, more information has been gathered about the impact of estrogens on regulation of cholesterol in the body. Exposure to high levels of estrogens has been reported to promote cholesterol gallstone formation and women are twice as likely as men to develop cholesterol gallstones. The impact of estrogen withdrawal, such as experienced by menopausal women, is therefore of importance and more information on how the absence of estrogens influence cholesterol regulation is started to come out, especially through the use of animal models. An interesting alternative to metabolic deterioration due to estrogen deficiency is exercise training. The present review is intended to summarize the present information that links key regulators of cholesterol and biliary acid pathways in liver and intestine to the absence of estrogens in an animal model and to discuss the potential role of exercise training as an alternative.

关键词： PSCK9 Low-density Lipoprotein receptor Very low-density Lipoprotein Sterol regulatory element binding proteins Ovariectomy High-density Lipoprotein Lipoproteins

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Does white-tailed deer density affect tree stocking in forests of the Eastern United States?

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 371-382页

作者： Brice B.Hanberry marc D.Abrams USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research StationRapid CitySD 57702USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University307 Forest Resources BldgUniversity ParkPA16802USA

Background:White-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus)have increased during the past century in the *** deer densities may reduce tree regeneration,leading to forests that are understocked,where growing space is not filled completely by *** deer pressure,a major transition in eastern forests has resulted in increased tree ***:To reconcile conflicting trends,we applied generalized linear mixed models to compare deer densities during 1982 and then 1996 to tree stocking after about 30 years and 15 years of potential reductions of small trees by deer,for the entire eastern US and 11 ecological *** also compiled deer browse preferences and compared preferred browse with trends in tree species composition from historical(1620–1900)and current tree ***:The forested area of the eastern US,including a prairie ecological province,was equally well-stocked(52%)and understocked(48%)during 2011–2017 tree *** 1982 deer densities,38%of area had deer densities>5.8 deer/km2 and for 1996,66%of area had deer densities>5.8 deer/*** densities and tree stocking were not related significantly for the entire eastern *** may reduce tree stocking in the Laurentian Mixed Forest;however,this province had both lower deer densities and greater tree stocking than other ***,major tree species trends did not match tree browse ***:Rather than too few trees,too many trees is an ecological problem where historical open oak and pine forests had herbaceous understories,and currently,trees have captured growing *** attribute other drivers than deer to explain this transition.

关键词： Driver Fire Herbivory Open forests Transition Tree density

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Variability and limits of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption during foliar senescence

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 41-55页

作者： marc Estiarte Matteo Campioli Maria Mayol Josep Penuelas CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB08193 BellaterraCataloniaSpain CREAF 08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of Antwerp2610 WilrijkBelgium

Foliar nutrient resorption(NuR)plays a key role in ecosystem functioning and plant nutrient *** of this recycling occurs during the senescence of leaves and is actively addressed by ***,we discuss the importance of cell biochemistry,physiology,and subcellular anatomy to condition the outcome of NuR at the cellular level and to explain the existence of limits to *** are transferred from the leaf in simple metabolites that can be loaded into the *** is the main mechanism for mobilization of N,whereas P mobilization requires the involvement of different catabolic pathways,making the dynamics of P in leaves more variable than those of N before,during,and after foliar *** biochemistry and fate of organelles during senescence impose constraints that limit *** efficiency of NuR decreases,especially in evergreen species,as soil fertility increases,which is attributed to the relative costs of nutrient acquisition from soil decreasing with increasing soil nutrient availability,while the energetic costs of NuR from senescing leaves remain *** is genetically determined,with substantial interspecific variability,and is environmentally regulated in space and time,with nutrient availability being a key driver of intraspecific variability in NuR.

关键词： foliar nutrient resorption senescence nitrogen phosphorus efficiency nutrient availability

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A phase field model for snow crystal growth in three dimensions

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 350-356页

作者： Gilles Demange Helena Zapolsky Renaud Patte marc Brunel GPM UMR CNRS 6643University of RouenSaint Etienne du Rouvray 76575France CORIA UMR 6614 University of RouenSaintÉtienne du Rouvray 76575France

Snowflake growth provides a fascinating example of spontaneous pattern formation in *** to understand this phenomenon have led to important insights in non-equilibrium dynamics observed in various active scientific fields,ranging from pattern formation in physical and chemical systems,to self-assembly problems in ***,very few models currently succeed in reproducing the diversity of snowflake forms in three dimensions,and the link between model parameters and thermodynamic quantities is not ***,we report a modified phase field model that describes the subtlety of the ice vapour phase transition,through anisotropic water molecules attachment and condensation,surface diffusion,and strong anisotropic surface tension,that guarantee the anisotropy,faceting and dendritic growth of *** demonstrate that this model reproduces the growth dynamics of the most challenging morphologies of snowflakes from the Nakaya *** find that the growth dynamics of snow crystals matches the selection theory,consistently with previous experimental observations.

关键词： dimensions phase field

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Translational research in Huntington’s disease: opening up for disease modifying treatment

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2013年第1期2卷 9-14页

作者： Jean-marc Burgunder Swiss Huntington’s Disease Centre Department of NeurologyUniversity of BernNeurobu ClinicsSteinerstrasse 45CH 3006BernSwitzerland Departments of Neurology West China HospitalSichuan University ChengduXiangya HospitalCentral South Universityand ChangshaSun Yat Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

Research on the molecular mechanisms involved in Huntington’s disease,a monogenic disorder with a complex phenotype including motor,behaviour,and cognitive impairments,is advancing at a rapid *** on several of the multimodal pathways has now lead to the establishment of rational strategies to prepare trials of several compounds in affected ***,improved understanding of the phenotype and on ways of assessing it,as well as the process of developing biomarkers,allows setting the frame for such *** this brief review,the present status of some of these aspects is examined.

关键词： Huntington impairment assessing

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Adaptive stray-light compensation in dynamic multi-projection mapping

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Computational Visual Media 2017年第3期3卷 263-271页

作者： Christian Siegl Matteo Colaianni marc Stamminger Frank Bauer Computer Graphics Group University of Erlangen-NurembergCauerstrasse 1191058 ErlangenGermany

Projection-based mixed reality is an effective tool to create immersive visualizations on real-world objects. Its wide range of applications includes art installations, education, stage shows, and advertising. In this work, we enhance a multi-projector system for dynamic projection mapping by handling various physical stray-light effects: interreflection,projector black-level, and environmental light in real time for dynamic scenes. We show how all these effects can be efficiently simulated and accounted for at runtime, resulting in significantly improved projection mapping results. By adding a global optimization step,we can further increase the dynamic range of the projection.

关键词： mixed reality projection mapping multi projector real time interreflection environmental light

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Development of a fast and precise method for simultaneous quantification of the PLGA monomers lactic and glycolic acid by HPLC

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第2期9卷 100-107页

作者： marcel Pourasghar Aljoscha Koenneke Peter Meiers marc Schneider Department of Pharmacy Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologySaarland University

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid)(PLGA) is an extraordinary well-described polymer and has excellent pharmaceutical properties like high biocompatibility and good biodegradability. Hence, it is one of the most used materials for drug delivery and biomedical systems, also being present in several US Food and Drug Administration-approved carrier systems and therapeutic devices. For both applications, the quantification of the polymer is inalienable. During the development of a production process, parameters like yield or loading efficacy are essential to be determined. Although PLGA is a well-defined biomaterial,it still lacks a sensitive and convenient quantification approach for PLGA-based systems. Thus, we present a novel method for the fast and precise quantification of PLGA by RP-HPLC. The polymer is hydrolyzed into its monomers, glycolic acid and lactic acid. Afterwards, the monomers are derivatized with the absorption-enhancing molecule 2,4′-dibromoacetophenone. Furthermore, the wavelength of the derivatized monomers is shifted to higher wavelengths, where the used solvents show a lower absorption,increasing the sensitivity and detectability. The developed method has a detection limit of 0.1 mg/mL,enabling the quantification of low amounts of PLGA. By quantifying both monomers separately, information about the PLGA monomer ratio can be also directly obtained, being relevant for degradation behavior. Compared to existing approaches, like gravimetric or nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, which are tedious or expensive, the developed method is fast, ideal for routine screening, and it is selective since no stabilizer or excipient is interfering. Due to the high sensitivity and rapidity of the method, it is suitable for both laboratory and industrial uses.

关键词： Poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid)(PLGA) Alkaline hydrolysis Quantification Drug delivery system RP-HPLC

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Homeodomain leucine-zipper proteins and their role in synchronizing growth and development with the environment

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第6期56卷 518-526页

作者： Ronny Brt marc Cabedo Yakun Xie Stephan Wenkel Center for Plant Molecular Biology University of Tübingen Germany Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research GaterslebenGermany

The Arabidopsis （Arabidopsis thaliana L.） genome encodes for four distinct classes of homeodomain leucinezipper （HD-ZIP） transcription factors （HD-ZIPI to HD-ZIPIV）, which are all organized in multi-gene families. HD-ZIP transcription factors act as sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that are able to control the expression level of target genes. While HD-ZIPI and HD-ZIPII proteins are mainly associated with environmental responses, HD-ZIPIII and HD- ZIPIV are primarily known to act as patterning factors. Recent studies have challenged this view. It appears that several of the different HD-ZlP families interact genetically to align both morphogenesis and environmental responses, most likely by modulating phytohormone-signaling networks.

关键词： Transcription factors homeodomain leucine zipper auxin light signaling water stress abscisic acid leaf development REVOLUTA KANADI microRNA

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Does it Make Sense to Try Reconciling the National Interest and Global Justice Agendas?

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第2期12卷 211-231页

作者： Jean-marc Coicaud Rutgers University New BrunswickUSA

The article will address this question and will attempt to give it sound *** order to do so,the article will tackle the following issues:What are national interest and global justice,and what have been their relations so far?What are the challenges concerning their reconciliation,in general and today?In the current situation,what are the benefits that could be generated by such a reconciliation?How could it happen and what the chances for this to happen?

关键词： National interest Justice International justice Global justice Interdependence Future Status quo International distribution of power Reconciliation

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Populism as a Crisis of Democratic Legitimacy:With Some References to France and the United States

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第2期17卷 193-209页

作者： Jean-marc Coicaud Law and Global Affairs Rutgers UniversityRutgersUSA Fudan Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences ShanghaiChina

Populism combines the following characteristics:a rejection of economic policies linked to globalization;a condemnation of political and economic elites perceived as allied,directly or indirectly,to globalization policies;a nationalist conception of the national interest;a mistrust of immigration,seen as a threat to identity;as for populism’s supporters,a rather popular sociological profile,and an electoral profile that tends toward the“hard right”(“droite dure”),without ruling out bridges to the“hard left”(“gauche dure”).Having said this,I propose to defend three theses:populism is not the solution to the problems of the countries where it is developing,whether in France,the United States or elsewhere;it would be dangerous,however,to ignore the crises of which populism is the product;it is essential to take the measure of the problems that favor its emergence and to try to provide answers to them.

关键词： Populism Democratic legitimacy Hard right Hard left

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