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Aggregate 2024年第3期5卷 275-289页

作者： Nadjib Kihal Phuong Trang Nguyen Ali Nazemi Andrea A.Greschner marc a.gauthier Steve Bourgault Department of Chemistry Universitédu QuébecàMontréalMontrealCanada 2Quebec Network for Research on Protein FunctionEngineering and Applications(PROTEO)QuebecCanada 3NanoQAM and Quebec Centre for Advanced MaterialsQCAMMontrealCanada 4Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS)EMT Research CenterVarennesCanada

The deposition of insoluble proteinaceous aggregates in the form of amyloidfibrils within the extracellular space of tissues is associated with numerous *** development of molecular approaches to arrest amyloid formation and prevent cel-lular degeneration remains very challenging due to the complexity of the process of protein aggregation,which encompasses an infinite array of conformations and quaternary *** biopolymers,such as glycosaminoglycans and RNAs,have been shown to modulate the self-assembly of amyloidogenic polypep-tides and to reduce the toxicity induced by the formation of oligomeric and/or pre-fibrillar *** study evaluates the effects of double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)nanostructures(1D,2D,and 3D)on amyloid self-assembly,fibril dis-aggregation,and the cytotoxicity associated with *** the islet amyloid polypeptide(IAPP)whose pancreatic accumulation is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes,it was observed that dsDNA nanostructures inhibit amyloid formation by inducing the formation of spherical complexes in which the peptide adopts a random coil ***,the DNA nanostructures showed a per-sistent ability to disassemble enzymatically and thermodynamically stable amyloidfibrils into nanoscale DNA/IAPP entities that are fully compatible withβ-pancreatic cells and are biodegradable by ***,dsDNA nanostructures avidly trapped highly toxic soluble oligomeric species in complete cell culture media and converted them into non-toxic binary ***,these results expose the potent modulatory effects of dsDNA on amyloidogenic pathways,and these DNA nanoscaffolds could be used as a source of inspiration for the design of molecules tofight amyloid-related disorders.

关键词： amyloid cytotoxicity DNA nanostructures islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers self-assembly

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Young and old forest in the boreal:critical stages of ecosystem dynamics and management under global change

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 361-375页

作者： Timo Kuuluvainen Sylvie gauthier Department of Forest Sciences University of HelsinkiLatokartanonkaan 7 FIN-00014 HelslnklFinland Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry Center1055 rue du P.E.P.S.C.P 10380succ Sainte-FoyQuebecQuebec GIV 4C7Canada.

The circumboreal forest encompasses diverse landscape structures, dynamics and forest age distributions determined by their physical setting, and historical and current disturbance regimes. However, due to intensifying forest utilisation, and in certain areas due to increasing natural disturbances, boreal forest age-class structures have changed rapidly, so that the proportion of old forest has substantially declined, while that of young post-harvest and post-natural-disturbance forest proportions have increased. In the future, with a warming climate in certain boreal regions, this trend may further be enhanced due to an increase in natural disturbances and large-scale use of forest biomass to replace fossil-based fuels and *** major drivers of change of forest age class distributions and structures include the use of clearcut shortrotation harvesting, more frequent and severe natural disturbances due to climate warming in certain regions. The decline in old forest area, and increase in managed young forest lacking natural post-disturbance structural legacies,represent a major transformation in the ecological conditions of the boreal forest beyond historical limits of *** may introduce a threat to biodiversity, ecosystem resilience and long-term adaptive capacity of the forest *** safeguard boreal forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and to maintain the multiple services provided to societies by this forest biome, it is pivotal to maintain an adequate share and the ecological qualities of young postdisturbance stages, along with mature forest stages with old-growth characteristics. This requires management for natural post-disturbance legacy structures, and innovative use of diverse uneven-aged and continuous cover management approaches to maintain critical late-successional forest structures in landscapes.

关键词： Adaptive capacity Biodiversity Boreal forest Climate change Forestry Ecosystem services Forest dynamics Forest management Resilience

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Late-entry commercial thinning effects on Pinus banksiana:growth, yield, and stand dynamics in Québec, Canada

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 95-106页

作者： Martin-Michel gauthier Stéphane Tremblay Ministère des Forêts de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service

We studied late-entry commercial thinning effects on growth, yield, and regeneration in a 48-year-old jack pine(Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand. Applied thinning intensities were 27, 32, and 47% of merchantable basal area(BA) excluding skidding trails. After 15 years, mean diameter at breast height of surviving trees in the 47% BA removal increased by 4.9 cm(25%) compared to the unthinned control. The 47% BA removal also increased gross merchantable volume(GMV) tree-1by 46% compared to the control. The 27% BA removal had twice as much GMV ha-1compared to the 47% BA removal after15 years. Moreover, cumulative GMV ha-1was much higher in the 27% BA removal than in the unthinned control. The highest thinning intensity produced larger trees on average, while the lowest thinning intensity maximized volume production per hectare. Maintenance of acceptable growing stock throughout the 15-year period in the 27% BA removal could provide other ecosystem functions such as biodiversity enhancement or wildlife habitat by delaying senescence. Regeneration data showed that a shift in species composition occurred in the understory. After 15 years, the understory was dominated by black spruce(Picea mariana(Mill.) B.S.P.), white birch(Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and trembling aspen(Populus tremuloides Michx.). If regenerating jack pine is an objective after final overstory removal, additional efforts will be needed to re-establish this species.

关键词： Jack pine Commercial thinning Stand yield Succession Delayed senescence Tree regeneration

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Wafer-level vapor cells filled with laser-actuated hermetic seals for integrated atomic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 225-235页

作者： Vincent Maurice Clément Carlé Shervin Keshavarzi Ravinder Chutani Samuel Queste Ludovic gauthier-Manuel Jean-marc Cote Rémy Vicarini Moustafa Abdel Hafiz Rodolphe Boudot Nicolas Passilly IEMN-Institut d’Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie UMR8520 CNRSUniversitéLilleCentrale LilleF-59000 LilleFrance FEMTO-ST Institute UMR6174 CNRSUniversitéBourgogne Franche-ComtéF-25030 BesançonFrance

Atomic devices such as atomic clocks and optically-pumped magnetometers rely on the interrogation of atoms contained in a cell whose inner content has to meet high standards of purity and ***-blowing techniques and craftsmanship have evolved over many decades to achieve such standards in macroscopic vapor *** the emergence of chip-scale atomic devices,the need for miniaturization and mass fabrication has led to the adoption of microfabrication techniques to make millimeter-scale vapor ***,many shortcomings remain and no process has been able to match the quality and versatility of glass-blown ***,we introduce a novel approach to structure,fill and seal microfabricated vapor cells inspired from the century-old approach of glass-blowing,through opening and closing single-use zero-leak microfabricated *** valves are actuated exclusively by laser,and operate in the same way as the“make-seals”and“break-seals”found in the filling apparatus of traditional *** structures are employed to fill cesium vapor cells at the *** make-seal structure consists of a glass membrane that can be locally heated and deflected to seal a *** break-seal is obtained by breaching a silicon wall between *** new approach allows adapting processes previously restricted to glass-blown *** can also be extended to vacuum microelectronics and vacuum-packaging of micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)devices.

关键词： filled vacuum heated

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Probing top-quark couplings indirectly at Higgs factories

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Chinese Physics C 2018年第12期42卷 53-65页

作者： gauthier Durieux Jiayin Gu Eleni Vryonidou Cen Zhang DESY Notkestratle 85 D-22607HamburgGermany PRISMA Cluster of Excellence Institut ffir PhysikJohannes Gutenberg-Universitgt55099 MainzGermany Theoretical Physics Department CERN1211 Geneva 23Switzerland Institute of High Energy Physics and School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

We perform a global effective-field-theory analysis to assess the combined precision of Higgs couplings, triple gauge-boson couplings, and top-quark couplings, at future circular e＋e- colliders, with a focus on runs below the tt-production threshold. Deviations in the top-quark sector entering as one-loop corrections are consistently taken into account in the Higgs and diboson processes. We find that future lepton colliders running at center-of-mass energies below the tt production threshold can still provide useful information on top-quark couplings, by measuring virtual top-quark effects. With rate and differential measurements, the indirect individual sensitivity achievable is better than at the high-luminosity LHC. However, strong correlations between the extracted top-quark and Higgs couplings are also present and lead to much weaker global constraints on top-quark couplings. This implies that a direct probe of top-quark couplings above the t~ production threshold is also helpful for the determination of Higgs and triple-gauge-boson couplings. In addition, we find that below the e＋e- -＋tth production threshold, the top-quark Yukawa coupling can be determined by its loop corrections to all Higgs production and decay channels. Degeneracy with the ggh coupling can be resolved, and even a global limit is competitive with the prospects of a linear collider above the threshold. This provides an additional means of determining the top-quark Yukawa coupling indirectly at lepton colliders.

关键词： effective field theory top quark lepton collider

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A formal approach using SysML for capturing functional requirements in avionics domain

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第12期32卷 2717-2726页

作者： Shaofan ZHU Jian TANG Jean-Marie gauthier Raphael FAUDOU Beijing Aeronautical Science and Technology Research Institute COMACBeijing 102211China Samares-Engineering Blagnac 31700France

In this work,a Model-Based Systems Engineering approach based on Sys ML is *** approach is used for the capture and the definition of functional requirements in avionics *** motivation of this work is triple:guide the capture of functional requirements,validate these functional requirements through functional simulation,and verify efficiently the consistency of these functional *** proposed approach is decomposed into several steps that are detailed to go from conceptual model of avionics domain to a formal functional model that can be simulated in its operating *** achieve this work,a subset of Sys ML has been used as an intermediate modelling language to ensure progressive transformation that can be understood and agreed by system *** concepts are introduced to ensure theoretical consistency of the *** addition,transformation rules are defined and the mappings between concepts of ARP4754 A civil aircraft guidelines and Sys ML are formalized through *** resulting formalization enables engineers to perform functional simulation of the top-level functional architecture extracted from operational ***,the approach has been tested on an industrial avionics system called the Onboard Maintenance System.

关键词： Avionics systems Conceptual model Functional simulation Model-Based Systems Engineering

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Channel adaptive rate control for energy optimization

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第Z1期7卷 82-88页

作者： BLANCH Carolina POLLIN Sofie LAFRUIT gauthier EBERLE Wolfgang Interuniversity Microelectronics Center Kapeldreef 75 Leuven 3001Belgium Interdisciplinary Institute for BroadBand TechnologyGent-Ledeberg B-9050Belgium Interuniversity Microelectronics Center Kapeldreef 75 Leuven 3001Belgium Interdisciplinary Institute for BroadBand TechnologyGent-Ledeberg B-9050 Belgium Department of Electrical EngineeringK.U.LeuvenESAT/INSYSBelgium Interuniversity Microelectronics Center Kapeldreef 75 Leuven 3001Belgium

Low energy consumption is one of the main challenges for wireless video transmission on battery limited devices. The energy invested at the lower layers of the protocol stack involved in data communication, such as link and physical layer, represent an important part of the total energy consumption. This communication energy highly depends on the channel conditions and on the transmission data rate. Traditionally, video coding is unaware of varying channel conditions. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer approach in which the rate control mechanism of the video codec becomes channel-aware and steers the instantaneous output rate according to the channel conditions to reduce the communication energy. Our results show that energy savings of up to30% can be obtained with a reduction of barely 0.1 dB on the average video quality. The impact of feedback delays is shown to be small. In addition, this adaptive mechanism has low complexity, which makes it suitable for real-time applications.

关键词： Rate control, Channel condition, Communication energy

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Electrochemical reactivity of In-Pb solid solution as a negative electrode for rechargeable Mg-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第4期30卷 124-128页

作者： Lucie Blondeau Suzy Surble Eddy Foy Hicham Khodja Magali gauthier UniversitéParis-Saclay CEACNRSNIMBELEEL91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEACNRSNIMBELAPA-IRAMAT91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

A composite In-Pb:carbon was successfully synthetized by a two-step mechanochemical synthesis in order to obtain an adequate particles size and structure to investigate the electrochemical reactivity of the In-Pb solid solution towards Mg.A potential synergetic coupling of electroactive elements In and Pb was examined using electrochemical and ex situ X-ray diffraction *** potential profile of the solid solution indicates the formation of Mg_(2)Pb and Mg ***,the diffraction study suggests a peculiar electrochemically-driven amorphization of Mg In during the magnesiation,in strong contrast to Mg In crystallization in In-based and In Bi-based electrodes reported in the *** In and Pb favors the amorphization of Mg In and a high first magnesiation capacity of about 550 m Ah g^(-1),but is thereafter detrimental to the material’s *** results emphasize the possible influence of electrochemically-driven amorphization and crystallization processes on electrochemical performance of battery materials.

关键词： Magnesium battery Negative electrode Alloy Amorphization

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Population genetic structure of the biological control agent Macrolophus pygmaeus in Mediterranean agroecosystems

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 859-876页

作者： Jean-Claude Streito Cecile Clouett Faten Hamdi Nathalie gauthier IRD UMR (INRA/IRDICiradlMontpellier SupAgro) Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations INRA UMR (INRA/IRDI CiradlMontpellier SupAgro) Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis CS 30016 34988Montferrier-sur-Lez France

Biological control of agricultural pests relies on knowledge of agroecosystem functionality, particularly when affected by the use of mass-produced biological agents. Incorporating pre- and/or post-release information such as genetic diversity and struc- ture on these agents using molecular-based approaches could advance our knowledge of how they perform in agroecosystems. We evaluated the population genetics of Macrolo- phus pygmaeus, the most widely used predatory mirid against many arthropod pests of greenhouse crops in the Mediterranean region, using the mitochondrial Cytb sequence and microsatellite data, and population genetics and phylogeny approaches. We investigated commercially mass-produced insects （i.e., commercial insects either mass-reared in the laboratory for many generations, or purchased by farmers and released in the greenhouses） and ＂wild＂ insects （i.e., that occur naturally outside or are collected in nature for release in the greenhouses）. The mirids were mainly collected in agroecosystems in which solana- ceous plants are grown in northern Spain, southern France and Greece. Both molecular markers and approaches distinguished 2 genetically differentiated populations. The less genetically diverse population, hereafter named the ＂commercial＂ strain included all indi- viduals from laboratory mass-rearings and most releases of commercially bred individuals. The most genetically diverse population mainly comprised individuals originating from noncultivated environments, or from releases of＂wild＂ individuals. Rare examples of hy- bridization between M. pygmaeus from the 2 populations were observed and asymmetric gene flow was revealed. These findings provide new insights into what happens to M. pyg- maeus released in the agroecosystems we studied, and show that it is possible to monitor some commercial strains.

关键词： biological control commercial vs. wild strains Macrolophus pygmaeus microsatellites mtCytb population genetics

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Experimental characterization and CFD simulation of gas maldistribution in turbulent fluidization of Group A particles

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Particuology 2023年第11期82卷 192-203页

作者： Maurizio Troiano Benjamin Amblard Sina Tebianian Roberto Solimene Piero Salatino Thierry gauthier Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione IndustrialeUniversitàdegli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPiazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 8080125NapoliItaly IFP Energies nouvelles Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 369360SolaizeFrance Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l’Energia e la MobilitàSostenibili(STEMS) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR)Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 8080125NapoliItaly

The study presented hereby investigates experimentally and with CFD simulations the gas distribution effect on the hydrodynamic of a Geldart Group A turbulent fluidized bed. Experiments were carried out on a cold flow fluidized bed column with an even and uneven gas distribution. Local solid volume fraction profiles were measured using optical probes at different bed heights and along two radial directions. Optical probe measurements allow catching a clear hydrodynamic difference between both even and uneven gas distributions. These results were then used to assess CFD simulations with the code Barracuda^(TM) (MP-PIC approach). It is noteworthy that the choice of drag correlation and boundary conditions strongly influences the agreement between the experimental and CFD results. Once the correct parameters are chosen, CFD simulations captured the effect of gas distribution changes.

关键词： Characterization of multiphase reactors Fluidized bed Turbulent Gas distribution Jet Optical probe CFD simulations

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