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Nanosecond pulse and dual-wavelength Q-switched 1.5 μm fiber laser using MAX phase Cr2TialC2 saturable absorber

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optoelectronics letters 2025年第1期21卷 7-12页

作者： Ahmed Shakir al-HITI Hiba HASSAN department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Anbar department of laser and optoelectronics Engineering University of Technology-Iraq

We demonstrated a new type of MAX phase material, chromium titanium aluminum carbide（Cr2TialC2） polymer film, to generate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser（EDFl）. The film thickness was measured to be around 45 μm, which was fabricated using the embedding method with polyvinyl al.ohol（PVA） polymer as hoster. The saturable absorber（SA） film demonstrates a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched EDFl which operates at 1 531 nm and 1 560.19 nm, respectively. The Q-switching pulse duration could be varied from 2.46 μs to 770 ns, while the repetition rate varied from 92.76 kHz to 106.6 kHz with an increasing input pumping range from 154 mW to 300 mW. The maximum output power and pulse energy of 15.05 mW and 141.18 nJ were obtained at the maximum input power of 300 mW, respectively.

关键词： Saturable absorbers

Comparative chemical sensor for detection of chromium(Ⅵ) in aqueous solution

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optoelectronics letters 2025年第1期21卷 21-27页

作者： Sura H.al-REKABI A.A.alWAHIB Electrical Technique department Al Suwayrah Technical Institute Middle Technical University laser and optoelectronics department University of Technology-Iraq

A process for purifying aqueous solutions containing heavy and toxic metals such as chromium（Cr） has been investigated. one of the extremely harmful pollutants in rivers and seawater is the heavy metal ions due to their direct impacts on human, animals and plants are hexavalent Cr（Ⅵ）. Consequently, highly sensitive sensor to detect Cr is essential. Surface plasmon resonance（SPR） technique has attracted huge research interest in detecting heavy metals specifically. In this study, three types of prism-based SPR sensor, gold（Au）/silver（Ag）, Au/polyaniline（PANI） and Au/titanium dioxide（Tio2） nanostructured films, are investigated as potential sensing material to detect the presence of Cr（Ⅵ） ions in water. The base Au layer with thickness of 48.3 nm is deposited on a glass slide for all sensors. For Au/Ag, Au/PANI nanofibers and Au/Tio2sensor films, the Cr（Ⅵ） concentration is varied from 1 ppm to 15 ppm with sensitivity of 0.270 °ppm-1, 0.082 °ppm-1and 0.039 °ppm-1, respectively. Based on these results, the Au/PANI nanofibers are the most sensitive to Cr（Ⅵ） among the tested sensing materials.

关键词： Titanium dioxide

Effects of P301l-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad al Kabbani Christoph Köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301l.on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301l-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301l-TAU in human MAPT-Ko induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301l-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301l mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301l-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but al.o successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301l-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301l-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301l pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

Contribution of mechanical forces to structural synaptic plasticity:insights from 3D cellular motility mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1995-1996页

作者： Rita o.Teodoro Mafalda Ribeiro Ramos lara Carval.o iNoVA4Health NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

Cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no ***-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid composition,abundance of mechanosensors,and cytoskeletal dynamics make cells more or less likely to sense these *** and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this combined information determines the rate and dynamics of membrane protrusion growth or retraction(Yamada and Sixt,2019).Cell protrusions are extensions of the plasma membrane that play crucial roles in diverse contexts such as cell migration and neuronal synapse *** the nervous system,neurons are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number of their pre-and postsynaptic elements(called synaptic boutons and dendritic spines,respectively),in response to changes in the levels of synaptic activity through a process called *** plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is present throughout our lives,being required for functions like memory formation or the learning of new motor skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and Franze,2024).

关键词： plasticity structural mechanisms

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher J.o’Connell Matthew J.Robson department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA James l.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches

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Science China life Sciences 2025年第1期 232-248页

作者： Yaohan Jiang Xiao Chen Chundi Wang liping lyu Saleh A.al-Farraj Naomi A.Stover Feng Gao Key laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Marine College Shandong University Zoology department College of ScienceKing Saud University department of Biology Bradley University laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in al.ost all *** protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown. In order to better comprehend these processes and mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, this study provides the first comprehensive overview of the transcriptome and proteome profiles during the entire life cycle of the newly-established marine model ciliate Euplotes vannus. Transcriptome analyses from 14 life cycle stages(three vegetative stages and 11 sexual stages) revealed over 26,000 genes that are specifically expressed at different stages, many of which are related to DNA replication,transcription, translation, mitosis, meiosis, nuclear differentiation, and/or genome rearrangement. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified 338 proteins with homologs associated with conjugation and/or somatic nuclear development in other ciliates, including dicer-like proteins, Hsp90 proteins, RNA polymerase Ⅱ and transcription elongation factors, ribosomal-associated proteins, and ubiquitin-related proteins. Four of these homologs belong to the PIWI family, each with different expression patterns identified and confirmed by RT-qPCR,which may function in small RNA-mediated genome rearrangement. Proteins involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway are induced early during meiosis and accumulate in the developing new somatic nucleus, where more than 80% of the germline sequences are eliminated from the somatic genome. A number of new candidate genes and proteins likely t

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decoding molecular mechanisms:brain aging and alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2279-2299页

作者： Mahnoor Hayat Rafay ali Syed Hammad Qaiser Mohammad Uzair Khalid al-Regaiey Roaa Khallaf lubna Abdullah Mohammed albassam Imdad Kaleem Xueyi Wang Ran Wang Mehwish SBhatti Shahid Bashir Atta-ur-Rahman School.of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad(IIUI)IslamabadPakistan department of Bioengineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia department of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia department of Biosciences Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South(COMSATS University)IslamabadPakistan department of Psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for *** aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as alzheimer's *** these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging *** these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect *** review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly alzheimer's disease.

关键词： alzheimer’s disease brain aging cognitive health dementia molecular mechanisms neuronal activity neuroplasticity neurotransmission

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael J.lee Ryota l.Matsuoka department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:The brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level.of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent bl.od vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply bl.od to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new bl.od vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable bl.od-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).The structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

Viscosity and structure relationship with equimolar substitution of Cao with Mgo in the Cao–Mgo–al_(2)o_(3)–Sio_(2)slag melts

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International Journal.of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 70-79页

作者： Yong Hou Shuo Zhang Jie Dang Jia Guo Hanghang Zhou Xuewei lü College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chongqing Key laboratory of Vanadium-Titanium Metallurgy and New Materials Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Currently,the al_(2)o_(3)content in the high-alumina slag systems within blast furnaces is generally limited to 16wt%–18.5wt%,making it challenging to overcome this *** most studies that concentrated on managing the Mgo/al_(2)o_(3)ratio or basicity,this paper explored the effect of equimolar substitution of Mgo for Cao on the viscosity and structure of a high-alumina Cao-Mgo-al_(2)o_(3)-Sio_(2)slag system,providing theoretical guidance and data to facilitate the application of high-alumina *** results revealed that the viscosity first decreased and then increased with higher Mgo substitution,reaching a minimum at 15mol%Mgo *** transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)results found that the depths of the troughs representing[Sio_(4)]tetrahedra,[alo_(4)]tetrahedra,and Si-o-al bending became progressively deeper with increased Mgo *** of the Raman spectra showed that the average number of bridging oxygens per Si atom and the X_(Q^(3))/X_(Q^(2))(X_(Q^(i))is the molar fraction of Q^(i) unit,and i is the number of bridging oxygens in a[Sio_(4)]tetrahedral unit)ratio increased from 2.30 and 1.02 to 2.52 and 2.14,respectively,indicating a progressive polymerization of the silicate structure.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results highlighted that non-bridging oxygen content decreased from 77.97mol% to 63.41mol% with increasing Mgo concentration,whereas bridging oxygen and free oxygen contents *** analysis demonstrated a gradual increase in the polymerization degree of the tetrahedral structure with the increase in Mgo ***,bond strength is another important factor affecting the slag *** occurrence of a viscosity minimum can be attributed to the complex evolution of bond strengths of non-bridging oxygens generated during depolymerization of the[Sio_(4)]and[alo_(4)]tetrahedral structures by Cao and Mgo.

关键词： aluminosilicate viscosity structure spectroscopy