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Colorful facial mar.ings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： Brett M.Culbert James B.Barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki Matthew G.Salena mar.an Y.L.Wong ian M.hamilton Sigal Balshine Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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Quality evaluation of Nothofagus pumilio seeds linked to forest management and climatic events

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 98-107页

作者： Julian Rodríguez-Souilla Jimena E.Chaves mar.a Vanessa Lencinas Juan Manuel Cellini Fidel A.Roig Pablo L.Peri Guillermo mar.inez Pastur Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas (LIMAD) Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP) Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IAN-IGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Background Forest ecosystems undergo significant transformations due to harvesting and climate fluctuations, emphasizing the critical role of seeding in natural regeneration and long-term structural preservation. Climate change further amplifies these dynamics, affecting phenology across species and regions. In Tierra del Fuego(Argentina), Nothofagus pumilio(lenga) forests represent the most important timber resource, and it is managed through different silvicultural strategies. This species demonstrates notable post-disturbance regeneration, yet seed fall exhibits signifi-cant variability, leading to variations in seed quality(e.g., viability). This study aims to assess fluctuations in N. pumilio seed quality, determine how it varies concerning forest management strategies, annual productivity, and the co-occurrence of climatic phenomena including El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode(SAM).Results Viable seeds represented 18.4% of the total, notably higher in unharvested than in managed areas. Con-versely, empty seeds were more prevalent in harvested areas(> 75%). Seed quality exhibited significant differences across silvicultural treatments, except for insect-predated seeds, which had similar proportions across all areas, though dispersed retention showed higher predation. When considering years with varying production levels, high-production years favoured full and viable seeds, particularly in unharvested forests and aggregated retention, while low-production years saw reduced viability across all treatments. Quadratic models revealed that viability increased with seed production, where unharvested forests achieved the highest values. Climate variability influenced seed proportions, where ENSO+/SAM+ promoting more full and viable seeds, while ENSO–/SAM+ favoured non-predated seeds, especially in unharvested *** Seed quality varies among treatments and years with different levels of seeding. Variations in seed qual-ity, l

关键词： Forest management Seeding Climate change Extreme event Patagonia

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Effect of Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase in patients with celiac disease on a long-term gluten-free diet

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1545-1555页

作者： Juan Pablo Stefanolo Verónica Segura mar.ina Grizzuti Abel Heredia Isabel Comino Ana Florencia Costa Roberto Puebla mar.a Paz Temprano Sonia Isabel Niveloni Gabriel de Diego mar.a E Oregui Edgardo Gustavo Smecuol Mauricio C de mar.i Elena F Verdú Carolina Sousa Julio César Bai Small Bowel Section Department of MedicineGastroenterology Hospital of Buenos Aires“Dr.C.Bonorino Udaondo”Buenos Aires 1264Argentina Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of SevilleSeville 41080Spain Department of Medicine Dr.C.Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology HospitalBuenos Aires 1264Argentina Basic and Applied Research Group in Immunology and Bioactives(GIBAIB) Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development(INEDES)National University of LujanLuján 6700Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Medicine Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8OntarioCanada Facultad de Medicina Universidad del SalvadorBuenos Aires C1051ABBArgentina

BACKGROUND The gluten-free diet(GFD)has limitations,and there is intense research in the development of adjuvant *** To examine the effects of orally administered Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase protease(AN-PEP)on inadvertent gluten exposure and symptom prevention in adult celiac disease(CeD)patients following their usual *** This was an exploratory,double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled trial that enrolled CeD patients on a long-term *** a 4-wk run-in period,patients were randomized to 4 wk of two AN-PEP capsules(GliadinX;AVI Research,LLC,United States)at each of three meals per day or *** endpoints were:(1)Average weekly stool gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)between the run-in and end of treatments and between AN-PEP and placebo;(2)celiac symptom index(CSI);(3)CeD-specific serology;and(4)quality of *** samples were collected for GIP testing by ELISA every Tuesday and Friday during run-ins and *** Forty patients were randomized for the intention-to-treat analysis,and three were excluded from the per-protocol ***,628/640(98.1%)stool samples were *** was undetectable(0.32μg/g)to potentially cause mucosal *** GIP concentration in the AN-PEP arm was 44.7%lower than in the run-in ***-third of patients exhibiting GIP>0.08μg/g during run-in had lower or undetectable GIP after AN-PEP *** with the run-in period,the proportion of symptomatic patients(CSI>38)in the AN-PEP arm was significantly lower(P<0.03).AN-PEP did not result in changes in specific *** This exploratory study conducted in a real-life setting revealed high adherence to the *** AN-PEP treatment did not significantly reduce the overall GIP stool ***,given the observation of a significantly lower prevale

关键词： Celiac disease Aspergillus niger prolyl endoprotease Gluten immunogenic peptides Trial Symptoms Real-life trial

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Intragroup social dynamics vary with the presence of neighbors in a cooperatively breeding fish

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 21-31页

作者： Jennifer K. Hellmann ian M. hamilton Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of Mathematics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Jennifer K. Hellmann Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 505 S Goodwin Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA

Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly primar.ly at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.

关键词： affiliation colony conflict exponential random graph model Neolamprologus pulcher network

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Quantitative determination of vitexin in Passiflora foetida Linn. leaves using HPTLC

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第3期6卷 216-220页

作者： Aussavashai Shuayprom Donruedee Sanguansermsri Phanchana Sanguansermsri ian hamilton Fraser Nalin Wongkattiya Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University School of Chemistry Monash University Program in Biotechnology Faculty of Science Maejo University

Objective: To establish a simple, rapid, precise and accurate high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC) method with densitometric detection for the determination of vitexin in Passiflora foetida Linn.(P. foetida).Methods: Ethanolic extract of the plant leaf powder was used for the experimental *** was performed on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with ethyl acetate:methanol: distilled water: formic acid in the proportion of 50:2:3:6(v/v), as the mobile phase. The determination was carried out using the densitometric absorbance mode at340 ***: Vitexin response was linear over the range of 2.5–17.5 mg/m L with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. Intraday and interday precision studies showed the relative SD was< 3%. Accuracy of the method was determined and the average recovery was 100.3%.The limit of quantitation and limit of detection were 0.879 and 0.290 mg/m L, *** contents of vitexin in P. foetida leaf extracts were within the range of 0.030%–0.310%.Conclusions: The method was evaluated for sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility. Each analysis by HPTLC is less expensive than current methods. This method is suitable for routine quality control of raw material of the leaves of P. foetida extract and its products.

关键词： HPTLC Thin layer chromatography Vitexin Passiflora foetida Linn

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Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of monogalactosyl diglyceride and digalactosyl diglyceride from Clinacanthus nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第3期6卷 192-197页

作者： Sirada Pongmuangmul Supaporn Phumiamorn Phanchana Sanguansermsri Nalin Wongkattiya ian hamilton Fraser Donruedee Sanguansermsri Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University Regional Medical Sciences Center Nakhonswan Department of Medical Sciences Ministry of Health Institute of Biological Products Department of Medical Sciences Ministry of Health Faculty of Science Maejo University School of Chemistry Monash University Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University

Objective: To evaluate the monogalactosyl diglyceride(MGDG) and digalactosyl diglyceride(DGDG) from Clinacanthus nutans(C. nutans) for their in vitro antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) and type 2(HSV-2) by plaque reduction ***: MGDG and DGDG were extracted with chloroform from C. nutans *** and DGDG were separated from chloroform crude extract using column chromatography, characterized by thin layer chromatography and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The anti HSV-1 and 2 activity against pre-treatment and posttreatment of the compounds was evaluated using plaque reduction assay. The cytotoxicity of the extract and the compounds on Vero cells were performed by MTT ***: MGDG and DGDG obtained by column chromatography showed identical profiles as standard MGDG and standard DGDG using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans showed 100%inhibition of HSV-1 replication at the post step of infection at noncytotoxic concentration with IC50 values of 36.00 and 40.00 mg/m L, and HSV-2 at 41.00 and 43.20 mg/mL,respectively. Moreover, MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans were demonstrated to have antiherpes simplex activity at the same level as standard synthetic compounds. In contrast, pretreatment of Vero cells with MGDG and DGDG before HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection did not show inhibitory effect against these viruses. MGDG and DGDG exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1 with selectivity index of 26.00 and 23.00 and HSV-2 of 23.30 and ***: MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine illustrated inhibitory activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2, probably by inhibiting the late stage of multiplication, suggesting their promising use as anti-HSV agents.

关键词： Glycoglycerolipids Monogalactosyl diglyceride Digalactosyl diglyceride Clinacanthus nutans Herpes simplex virus type 1 Herpes simplex virus type 2 Antiviral activity

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Nightlife in the city: drivers of the occurrence and vocal activity of a tropical owl

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Avian Research 2020年第2期11卷 92-105页

作者： Oscar Humberto mar.n‑Gómez Michelle García‑Arroyo Camilo ESánchez‑Sarria JRoberto Sosa‑López Diego Santiago‑Alarcon ian MacGregor‑Fors Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad Instituto de Ecología A.C.Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351El Haya91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali760044 CaliColombia Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca(CIIDIR) Instituto Politécnico NacionalOaxacaMexico Dirección de Cátedras Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología(CONACYT)Mexico CityMexico Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados Instituto de Ecología A.C91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico

Background:Cities differ from non-urban environments by the intensity,scale,and extent of anthropogenic pres-sures,which can drive the occurrence,physiology,and behavior of the organisms thriving in these *** as green cover often predict the occurrence patterns of bird species in urban ***,anthropogenic noise and artificial light at night(ALAN)could also limit the presence and disrupt the behavior of ***,there is still a dearth of knowledge about the influence of urbanization through noise and light pollution on nocturnal bird species *** this study,we assessed the role of green cover,noise,and light pollution on the occurrence and vocal activity of the Mottled Owl(Ciccaba virgata)in the city of Xalapa(Mexico).Methods:We obtained soundscape recordings in 61 independent sites scattered across the city of Xalapa using autonomous recording *** performed a semi-automated acoustic analysis of the recordings,corroborating all Mottled Owl *** calculated two measures of anthropogenic noise at each study site:daily noise(during 24 h)and masking noise(mean noise amplitude at night per site that could mask the owl’s vocalizations).We further performed generalized linear models to relate green cover,ALAN,daily noise,and masking noise in relation to the owl’s occurrence(i.e.,detected,undetected).We also ran linear models to assess relationships among the beginning and ending of vocal activity with ALAN,and with the anthropogenic and masking noise levels at the moment of which vocalizations were ***,we explored variations of the vocal activity of the Mottled Owl measured as vocalization rate across ***:The presence of Mottled Owls increased with the size of green cover and decreased with increases in both artificial light at night and noise *** the temporal scale,green cover was positively related with the ending of the owl’s vocal activity,while daily noise and ALAN levels were not related to the tim

关键词： Anthropogenic noise Acoustic monitoring Nighttime ecology Urban ecology Urbanization Vocal activity

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Anti-tumour necrosis factor agent and liver injury:literature review,recommendations for management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17352-17359页

作者： Roberta Elisa Rossi Ioanna Parisi Edward John Despott Andrew Kenneth Burroughs James O'Beirne Dario Conte mar. ian hamilton Charles Daniel Murray Centre for Gastroenterology Royal Free HospitalLondon NW3 2QGUnited Kingdom Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant Universita’ degli Studi di Milano20122 MilanoItaly Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Fondazione IRCCS Ca' GrandaOspedale Maggiore Policlinico20122 MilanoItaly Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre Royal Free Hospital and Institute of Liver and Digestive HealthLondon NW3 2PFUnited Kingdom

Abnormalities in liver function tests,including transient and self-limiting hypertransaminasemia,cholestatic disease and hepatitis,can develop during treatment with anti-tumour-necrosis-factor(TNF)*** optimal management of liver injury related to antiTNF therapy is still a matter of *** some authors recommend discontinuing treatment in case of both a rise of alanine aminotransferase more than5 times the upper limit of normal,or the occurrence of jaundice,there are no standard guidelines for the management of anti-TNF-related liver *** searches were performed in Pub Med,using the following key words:inflammatory bowel disease(IBD);TNF inhibitors;hypertransaminasemia;drugrelated liver injury;*** to published data,elevation of transaminases in patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF is a common finding,but resolution appears to be the usual ***-TNF agents seem to be safe with a low risk of causing severe drugrelated liver *** to our centre experience,we found that hypertransaminasemia was a common,mainly self-limiting finding in our IBD cohort and was not correlated to infliximab treatment on both univariate and multivariate *** algorithm for the management of liver impairment occurring during antiTNF treatment is also proposed and this highlights the need of a multidisciplinary approach and suggests liver biopsy as a key-point in the management decision in case of severe rise of ***,hepatic injury is generally self-limiting and drug withdrawal seems to be an exception.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors Hypertransaminasemia Drug-related liver injury Infliximab

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Modeling the impact of changing sexual behaviors with opposite-sex partners and STI testing among women and men ages 15-44 on STI diagnosis rates in the United States 2012-2019

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第4期8卷 1169-1176页

作者： Deven T.hamilton David A.Katz Laura T.Haderxhanaj Casey E.Copen ian H.Spicknall Matthew Hogben Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Global Health University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Division of STD Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDSHepatitisSexually Transmitted DiseaseTuberculosis PreventionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA

Objective:To estimate the potential contributions of reported changes in frequency of penile-vaginal sex(PVS),condom use and STI screening to changes in gonorrhea and chlamydial diagnoses from 2012 to ***:An agent-based model of the heterosexual population in the *** the STI *** was calibrated to 2012 diagnosis rates,testing,condom use,and frequency of *** used behaviors from the 2017-2019 NSFG,and we evaluated changes in diagnosis and incidence rates in ***:Higher testing rates increased gonorrhea and chlamydia diagnosis by 14%and 13%,respectively,but did not reduce *** frequency of PVS reduced the diagnosis rate for gonorrhea and chlamydia 6%and 3%respectively while reducing incidence by 10%and 9%*** condom use had negligible impact on diagnosis and ***:Understanding how changing behavior drives STI incidence is essential to addressing the growing *** in testing and frequency of PVS likely contributed to some,but not all,of the changes in *** research is needed to understand the context within which changing sexual behavior and testing are occurring.

关键词： Gonorrhea Chlamydia Agent-based modeling Simulation

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Comparison of visual acuity outcomes between ranibizumab and bevacizumab treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2011年第1期4卷 85-88页

作者： ian J Constable ian L McAllister Timothy Isaacs Lions Eye Institute Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia

AIM: To compare visual acuity (VA) outcomes between intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: We conducted a consecutive, retrospective case series study in patients with newly diagnosed all type choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to AMD who received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.25mg) or ranibizumab (0.3mg) at Lions Eye Institute, Western Australia from mar. 2006 to May 2008. All patients received injection at baseline with additional monthly injections given at the discretion of the treating physician. Main outcome measures were changes in VA. RESULTS: There were 371 consecutive patients received injection at least in one eye with at least 6 months of follow up (median of 12.0 months). Bevacizumab treatment prevented 221 out of 278 (79.5%) patient from losing < 15 letters in VA compared with 79 out of 93 (84.9%) of ranibizumab treated patients (P=0.25). While 68 (24.5%) of bevacizumab treated patients gained 15 letters of VA compared with 24 (25.8%) of ranibizumab treated patients (P=0.79). 75.3% and 66.2% patients benefited from ranibizumab and bevacizumab respectively with final VA better than 6/60 (P=0.10). Multivariate analysis showed that pre-treatment VA was negatively associated with benefit outcome. Assignment of injection was not associated with VA outcome of benefit after adjusting the covariate (P=0.857). CONCLUSION: There are no difference in treatment efficacy in terms of VA between bevacizumab and ranibizumab in routine clinical condition.

关键词： age-related macular degeneration anti-VEGF bevacizumab ranibizumab choroidal neovascularization

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