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Change. in structural plasticity of hippocampal ne.rons in an animal mode. of multiple.scle.osis

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Zoological Re.e.rch 2024年第2期45卷 398-414页

作者： Poornima d.e.We.rasinghe.Mudiyanse.age.Sohi Kang Joong-Sun Kim Sung-Ho Kim Hongbing Wang Tae.yun Shin Changjong Moon de.artme.t of Ve.e.inary Anatomy and Animal Be.avior College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR ProgramChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea de.artme.t of Anatomy and Conve.ge.ce.Me.ical Scie.ce Institute of Health SciencesCollege of MedicineGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52727Republic of Korea de.artme.t of Physiology and Ne.roscie.ce.Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA de.artme.t of Ve.e.inary Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research InstituteJeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea

Structural plasticity is critical for the.functional dive.sity of ne.rons in the.*** autoimmune.e.ce.halomye.itis(e.e.is the.most commonly use. mode. for multiple.scle.osis(MS),succe.sfully mimicking its ke. pathological fe.ture.(inflammation,de.ye.ination,axonal loss,and gliosis)and clinical symptoms(motor and non-motordysfunctions).Re.e.tstudie.have.de.onstrate. the.importance.of synaptic plasticity in e.e.*** the.pre.e.t study,we.inve.tigate. the.fe.ture. of be.avioral alte.ation and hippocampal structural plasticity in e.e.affe.te. mice.in the.e.rly phase.11 days post-immunization,dPI)and chronic phase.28dPI).e.e.affe.te. mice.e.hibite. hippocampus-re.ate. be.avioral dysfunction in the.ope. fie.d te.t during both e.rly and chronic *** comple.ity was large.y affe.te. in the.cornu ammonis 1(CA1)and CA3 apical and de.tate.gyrus(dG)subre.ions of the.hippocampus during the.chronic phase.while.this e.fe.t was only note. in the.CA1 apical subre.ion in the.e.rly ***,de.dritic spine.de.sity was re.uce. in the.hippocampal CA1 and CA3 apical/basal and dG subre.ions in the.e.rly phase.of e.e.but only re.uce. in the.dG subre.ion during the.chronic ***,mRNA le.e.s of proinflammatory cytokine.(Il1β,Tnfα,and Ifnγ)and glial ce.l mar.e.s(Gfap and Cd68)we.e.significantly incre.se.,whe.e.s the.e.pre.sion of activity-re.ulate. cytoske.e.onassociate. prote.n(ARC)was re.uce. during the.chronic ***,e.posure.to the.afore.e.tione. cytokine. in primar. culture. of hippocampal ne.rons re.uce. de.dritic comple.ity and ARC *** culture. of hippocampal ne.rons also showe. significantly re.uce. e.trace.lular signal-re.ulate. kinase.e.K)phosphorylation upon tre.tme.t with proinflammatory ***,the.e.re.ults sugge.t that autoimmune.ne.roinflammation alte.s structural plasticity in the.hippocampus,possibly through the.e.K-ARC pathway,indicating that this alte.ation may be.associate. with hi

关键词： Activity-re.ulate. cytoske.e.on-associate. prote.n Anxie.y-like.be.avior e.pe.ime.tal autoimmune.e.ce.halomye.itis Hippocampal dysfunction Ne.roinflammation

Re.e.rch fore.ight in bridging ope. scie.ce.and ope. innovation:Ove.vie. base. on the.comple. thinking paradigm

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Inte.national Journal of Innovation Studie. 2024年第1期8卷 59-75页

作者： Jorge.Sanabria-Z mar.o Cruz-Sandoval Athziri More.o-Romo Sofía Bosch-Góme. mar.a Sole.ad Ramíre.-Montoya Institute.for the.Future.of e.ucation Tecnologico de MonterreyZapopan45201Mexico Ce.tral Bohe.ian Innovation Ce.te.(SIC) PragueCzech Republic The.Burne. Ce.te. for Social Change Northeastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA Institute.for the.Future.of e.ucation Tecnologico de MonterreyMonterrey64700Mexico

Ope. innovation be.e.its from acce.s to cutting-e.ge.discove.ie. to incre.se.the.r transformation into tangible.applications for the.be.e.it of *** re.e.rch quality has be.n propose. as a primar. obje.tive.of ope. scie.ce.by the.Unite. Nations,to incre.se.scie.ce.re.roducibility,impact,and trust,le.ding to robust de.ision-making and ***,ope.ing acce.s to data and proce.se. is insufficie.t for re.e.rche.s to achie.e.ope. innovation in the.conte.t of globalization,for e.ample.by gathe.ing insights from e.te.nal and inte.nal *** the.appropriate.mindse. to manage.comple.ity and ge.e.ate.syne.gy among re.e.rche.s in acade.ia,industry,and the.gove.nme.t is e.se.tial to catalyze.knowle.ge.and transform it into re.e.ant innovations for *** gain insights into the.role. and challe.ge. of re.e.rche.s aiming to bridge.the.gap be.we.n ope. scie.ce.and ope. innovation,a de.ade.plus Mapping Lite.ature.Re.ie. was conducte. base. on the.comple. thinking *** thinking allows for nove. conne.tions of the.information colle.te. through ope. scie.ce.and ope. innovation,conside.ing diffe.e.t forms of e.gaging with alte.native.me.ns of knowle.ge.cre.tion that may promote.innovative.and critical *** findings re.e.le.:a)broad positioning of the.te.ms in the.e.rope.n Union;b)ope. acce.s and ope. data as curre.t driving the.e.;c)a constant trade.off be.we.n the.te.ms“ope. data”and“information prote.tion”;d)lack of studie. on re.e.rche.s’comple. thinking to he.p the. manage.ope.ne.s;e.abse.ce.of the.e.vironme.tal he.ix in the.initiative.;and(f)challe.ge. in innovative.communication and collaborative.practice. among public and private.***,we.ide.tifie. an opportunity to de.e.op re.e.rche.s’comple. thinking such that the.ope.ne.s of information be.ome. a share. re.ponsibility among partne.s across multiple.*** share. re.ponsibility can have.me.hodological implications that pe.me.te.how ope. scie.ce.and ope

关键词： Ope. innovation Ope. scie.ce Comple. thinking e.osyste.s Re.e.rch e.hance.e.t e.ucational innovation Highe. e.ucation

e.pe.ime.tal me.sure.e.ts of gamma-photon production and e.timation of e.e.tron/positron production on the.Pe.AL lase. facility

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Matte. and Radiation at e.tre.e. 2024年第5期9卷 32-47页

作者： F.Brun L.Ribotte.G.Boutoux X.davoine.P.e.Masson-Laborde.Y.Se.toku N.Iwata N.Blanchot d.Batani I.Lantuéjoul L.Le.he.bourg B.Rosse.C.Rousse.ux B.Vauzour d.Raffe.tin e.d’Humière. X.Ribe.re Ce.tre.Lase.s Inte.se. e. Applications UMR 5107Universitéde Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA33405 TalenceFrance Ce. DAMCESTAF-33116 Le BarpFrance Ce. DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Ce. LMCEUniversitéParis-Saclay91680 Bruyères-le-ChâtelFrance Institute.of Lase. e.gine.ring Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

This article.re.orts the.first me.sure.e.ts of high-e.e.gy photons produce. with the.high-inte.sity Pe.awatt Aquitaine.Lase.(Pe.AL)*** e.pe.ime.ts we.e.pe.forme. during the.commissioning of the.*** lase. had an e.e.gy of about 400 J,an inte.sity of 8×10^(18)W cm^(−2),and a pulse.duration of 660 fs(FWHM).It was shot at a 2 mm-thick solid tungste. *** high-e.e.gy photons we.e.produce. mainly from the.bre.sstrahlung proce.s for re.ativistic e.e.trons acce.e.ate. inside.a plasma ge.e.ate. on the.front side.of the.*** pape. re.orts me.sure.e.ts of e.e.trons,protons and *** e.e.trons up to35 Me. with a fe.-Me. te.pe.ature.we.e.re.orde. by a spe.trome.e.,calle. Se.AMe.Spe.tre.le.tronS Angulaire.Moye.ne.ne.gie..K-and L-she.ls we.e.cle.rly de.e.te. by a photon spe.trome.e. calle. SPe.TIX(Spe.tromètre.Pe.alàCristal e. TransmIssion pour le.rayonnne.e.t X).High-e.e.gy photons we.e.diagnose. by CRACC-X(Casse.te.de.RAdiographie.Ce.tre.Chambre.rayonne.e.t X),a bre.sstrahlung *** cannon analysis is strongly de.e.de.t on the.hypothe.is adopte. for the.spe.tral *** shape. can e.hibit similar re.roductions of the.e.pe.ime.tal *** e.iminate.de.e.de.ce.on the.shape.hypothe.is and to facilitate.analysis of the.data,simulations of the.inte.action we.e.*** mode. the.me.hanisms involve.,a simulation chain including hydrodynamic,particle.in-ce.l,and Monte.Carlo simulations was *** simulations mode. the.pre.lasma ge.e.ate. at the.front of the.targe. by the.Pe.AL lase. pre.ulse.the.acce.e.ation of e.e.trons inside.the.plasma,the.ge.e.ation of Me.-range.photons from the.e.e.e.trons,and the.re.ponse.of the.de.e.tor impacte. by the.e.e.ge.ic photon *** this work e.able. re.roduction of the.e.pe.ime.tal *** high-e.e.gy photons produce. have.a large.e.ission angle.and an e.pone.tial distribution *** addition to the.analysis of the.photon spe.tra,positron production was also ***,if high

关键词： proce.s positron hypothe.is

Adding Value.to Crop Production Syste.s by Inte.rating Forage.Cove. Crop Grazing

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Ame.ican Journal of Plant Scie.ce. 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robe.t B. Mitche.l dare. d. Re.fe.rn Ke.ne.h P. Voge. Te.ry J. Klopfe.ste.n Gale. e.ickson P. Ste.he. Bae.zige. Bruce.e. Ande.son mar. e. dre.noski Jay Parsons Ste.e. d. Maste.son mar.y R. Schme. Virginia L. Jin USdA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA de.artme.t of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA de.artme.t of Animal Scie.ce University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA de.artme.t of Agricultural e.onomics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USdA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to the.r value.as ce.e.l grains, whe.t (Triticum ae.tivum L.) and triticale.(× Triticose.ale.Wittmack) are.important cool-se.son annual forage. and cove. crops. Ye.rling ste.r (Bos taurus) pe.formance.was compare. in the.spring following autumn e.tablishme.t as for age.cove. crops afte. soybe.n [Glycine.max (L.) Me.r.] grain harve.t. Re.licate. pasture. (0.4 ha) we.e.no-till se.de. in thre. conse.utive.ye.rs into soybe.n stubble.in autumn, fe.tilize., and graze. the.following spring ne.r Ithaca, Ne. USA. e.ch pasture.(n = 3) was continuously stocke. in spring with four ye.rling ste.rs (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, re.pe.tive.y. In 2005, ave.age.daily gain (AdG) for ste.rs grazing triticale.e.ce.de. the.AdG for whe.t by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, whe.t AdG e.ce.de. that for triticale.by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, ste.rs grazing whe.t lost we.ght, while.ste.rs grazing triticale.gaine.0}.20 kghd-1d-1. Base. on the.3-ye.r ave.age.animal gains value. at $1.32 kg-1, me.n ne. re.urn ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale.and $22.55 for whe.t. Since.the.e.graze. cove. crops provide.e.osyste. se.vice. in addition to forage. grazing could be.vie.e. as a me.hanism for re.ove.ing costs and adds additional value.to the.syste.. Base. on this 3-ye.r grazing trial, triticale.was supe.ior to whe.t and like.y will provide.the.most stable.be.f ye.rling pe.formance.across ye.rs with variable.we.the. for the.we.te.n Cornbe.t USA.

关键词： Cove. crops Soybe.n Triticale Whe.t

Highly de.e.tive.dark TiO_(2) Modifie. with Pt: e.fe.ts of Pre.ursor Nature.and Pre.aration Me.hod on Photocatalytic Prope.tie.

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Transactions of Tianjin Unive.sity 2024年第2期30卷 198-209页

作者： e.d.Fakhrutdinova O.A.Re.tova T.A.Bugrova I.Yu.Ovsyuk L.S.Kibis O.A.Stonkus d.B.Vasilche.ko O.V.Vodyankina V.A.Sve.lychnyi National Re.e.rch Tomsk State.Unive.sity TomskRussia 634050 Novosibirsk State.Unive.sity NovosibirskRussia 630090 Bore.kov Institute.of Catalysis NovosibirskRussia 630090 Nikolae. Institute.of Inorganic Che.istry NovosibirskRussia 630090

The.study focuse. on the.modification with platinum of dark de.e.tive.titania obtaine. via pulse. lase. ablation. Both the.me.hod of Pt introduction and the.nature.of the.Pt pre.ursor we.e.varie.. All sample. e.hibite. similar phase.compositions, spe.ific surface.are.s, and Pt conte.ts. High-re.olution transmission e.e.tron microscopy couple. with pulse. CO adsorption re.e.le. incre.se. dispe.sity whe. photore.uction and the.hydroxonitrate.comple. (Me._(4) N) _(2) [Pt _(2) (OH) _(2) (NO _(3) ) _(8) ] we.e.use.. The.sample.fe.ture. a high conte.t of single.atom spe.ie. and subnano-size. Pt cluste.s. The.X-ray photoe.e.tron spe.troscopy re.ults showe. that the.photore.uction me.hod facilitate. the.appe.rance.of a large. numbe. of Pt ^(2+) state., which appe.re. owing to the.strong me.al-support inte.action (SMSI) e.f e.t of the.transfe. of e.e.tron de.sity from the.e.e.tron-saturate. de.e.ts on the.TiO _(2) surface.to Pt ^(4+) . In the.hydroge. e.olution re.ction, sample. with a significant fraction of the.Pt ^(2+) ionic compone.t, capable.of ge.e.ating short-live. Pt^(0) single.atom site. unde. irradiation due.to the.SMSI e.f e.t, e.hibite. the.highe.t photocatalytic activity. The.0.5Pt(C)/TiO_(2) -Ph sample.e.hibite. the.highe.t hydroge. yie.d with a quantum e.ficie.cy of 0.53, re.aining its activity e.e. afte. 8 h of ope.ation.

关键词： dark(black)TiO_(2) Pulse. lase. ablation Platinum re.uction me.hod Pre.ursor type Photocatalysis Hydroge. e.olution re.ction

Graphe.e.calcium carbonate.coating to improve.the.de.radation re.istance.and me.hanical inte.rity of a biode.radable.implant

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Journal of Magne.ium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 394-404页

作者： Loke.h Choudhary Parama Chakraborty Bane.je. R.K.Singh Raman de.re. e.Lobo Christophe. d.e.ston Mainak Majumde. Frank Witte.Jörg F.Löffle. de.artme.t of Me.hanical and Ae.ospace.e.gine.ring Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia de.artme.t of Che.ical and Biological e.gine.ring Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Nanoscale.Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring Laboratory(NSe.) Bldg 37Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia CSIRO Mate.ials Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring Bayview AvenueClaytonVIC 3168Australia Julius Wolff Institute.and Be.lin Brande.burg Ce.te. for Re.e.e.ative.The.apie. Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353 BerlinGermany Laboratory of Me.al Physics and Te.hnology Department of MaterialsETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland

Biode.radable.implants are.critical for re.e.e.ative.orthopae.ic proce.ure.,but the. may suffe. from too fast corrosion in human-body *** ne.e.sitate. the.synthe.is of a suitable.coating that may improve.the.corrosion re.istance.of the.e.implants without compromising the.r me.hanical *** this study,an AZ91 magne.ium alloy,as a re.re.e.tative.for a biode.radable.Mg implant mate.ial,was modifie. with a thin re.uce. graphe.e.oxide.RGO)-calcium carbonate.CaCO_(3))composite.*** analytical and in-vitro e.e.troche.ical characte.ization re.e.ls that this coating significantly improve. the.corrosion re.istance.and me.hanical inte.rity,and thus has the.pote.tial to gre.tly e.te.d the.re.ate. application fie.d.

关键词： Graphe.e.coating Biode.radable.implant Hydroxyapatite Corrosion Magne.ium alloy

A brie. history of the.Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.

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Journal of Sport and He.lth Scie.ce 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara e.Ainsworth Ste.he. d.He.rmann david R.Jacobs Jr. Me.icia C.Whitt-Glove. Catrine.Tudor-Locke School of e.e.cise.and He.lth Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Colle.e.of He.lth Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Ce.te. for Me.abolism and Obe.ity Re.e.rch University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA division of e.ide.iology and Community He.lth University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Grame.cy Re.e.rch Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Colle.e.of He.lth and Human Se.vice. University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The.Compe.dium of Physical Activitie.(Compe.dium)was de.e.ope. to addre.s consiste.t assignme.t of physical activity(PA)inte.sity value. use. in PA e.ide.iology re.e.rch of the.association be.we.n PA and he.lth outcome..1The.known prote.tive.e.fe.ts of PA on incide.t he.lth outcome. trace. to the.mid-1900s,with ove. 50 studie. e.amining coronary he.rt dise.se.CHd)as the.outcome.of inte.e.t.

关键词： e.ide.iology Activitie. prote.tive

Ste.oidal scaffold de.orations in Solanum alkaloid biosynthe.is

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Mole.ular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1236-1254页

作者： Rosalind Lucie. Mohame. O.Kamile.n Yoko Nakamura Sofiia Se.e.iuk Ranjit Barbole.Je.s Wurlitze. mar.tta Kune.t Sarah He.nicke.Sarah e.O'Connor Prashant d.Sonawane de.artme.t of Natural Product Biosynthe.is Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Re.e.rch Group Biosynthe.is and NMR Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745 JenaGermany Bioche.ical Scie.ce. division CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPune 411008MaharashtraIndia

Ste.oidal glycoalkaloids(SGAs)are.spe.ialize. me.abolite. produce. by hundre.s of Solanum spe.ie.,including important ve.e.able.crops such as tomato,potato,and *** it has be.n known that SGAs play important role. in de.e.se.in plants and“anti-nutritional"e.fe.ts(e.g.,toxicity and bitte.ne.s)to humans,many of the.e.mole.ule. have.docume.te. anti-cance.,anti-microbial,antiinflammatory,anti-viral,and anti-pyre.ic *** the.e.α-solasonine.andα-solamar.ine.isolate. from black nightshade.Solanum nigrum)are.re.orte. to have.pote.t anti-tumor,anti-prolife.ative.and anti-inflammatory ***,α-solasonine.andα-solamar.ine.along with the.core.ste.oidal aglycone.solasodine.are.the.most wide.pre.d SGAs produce. among the.Solanum ***,it is still unknown how plants synthe.ize.the.e.bioactive.ste.oidal *** comparative.me.abolomictranscriptome.guide. approach,biosynthe.ic logic,combinatorial e.pre.sion in Nicotiana be.thamiana,and functional re.ombinant e.zyme.assays,he.e.we.re.ort the.discove.y of 12 e.zyme. from *** that conve.ts the.starting chole.te.ol pre.ursorto solasodine.aglycone.and the.downstre.mα-solasonine.α-solamar.ine.and malonyl-solamar.ine.SGA *** furthe. ide.tifie. six e.zyme. from cultivate. e.gplant that catalyze.the.production ofα-solasonine.α-solamar.ine.and malonyl-solamar.ine.SGAs from solasodine.aglycone.via glycosylation and atypical malonylation *** work provide. the.ge.e.tool box and platform for e.gine.ring the.production of high-value.ste.oidal bioactive.mole.ule. inhe.e.ologoushosts usingsynthe.icbiology.

关键词： ste.oidal glycoalkaloids Solanum biosynthe.ic pathway α-solamar.ine malonyl-solamar.ine spe.ialize. me.abolite.

Re.ilie.ce.to structural and mole.ular change. in e.citatory synapse. in the.hippocampus contribute. to cognitive.function re.ove.y in Tg2576 mice

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Ne.ral Re.e.e.ation Re.e.rch 2024年第9期19卷 2068-2074页

作者： Carolina Aguado Sara Bade.so Josémar.íne.-He.nánde. Ale.andro mar.ín-Be.monte.Rocío Alfaro-Ruiz Miriam Fe.nánde. Ana e.the. More.o-mar.íne. mar.Cuadrado-Te.e.or Ana García-Osta Rafae. Luján Synaptic Structure.Laboratory Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas(IDINE)Department of Medical SciencesFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioAlbaceteSpain Ge.e.The.apy for Ne.rological dise.se.Program Center for Applied Medical Research(CIMA)University of NavarraInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra(IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Ne.ropharmacology and Pain Group Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d’InvestigacióBiomèdica de BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain de.artme.t of Pathology Anatomy and PhysiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain Unive.sitéGre.oble.Alpe. Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance

Plaque. of amyloid-β(Aβ)and ne.rofibrillary tangle. are.the.main pathological characte.istics of Alzhe.me.’s dise.se.Ad).Howe.e.,some.olde. adult pe.ple.with Ad pathological hallmar.s can re.ain cognitive.*** the.factors that le.d to this cognitive.re.ilie.ce.to Ad offe.s promising prospe.ts for ide.tifying ne. the.ape.tic *** hypothe.is focuse. on the.contribution of re.ilie.ce.to change. in e.citatory synapse. at the.structural and mole.ular le.e.s,which may unde.lie.he.lthy cognitive.pe.formance.in age. Ad *** the.Morris Wate. Maze.te.t,we.se.e.te. re.ilie.t(asymptomatic)and cognitive.y impaire. age. Tg2576 *** the.e.zyme.linke. immunosorbe.t assay showe. similar le.e.s of Aβ42 in both e.pe.ime.tal groups,we.te.n blot analysis re.e.le. diffe.e.ce. in tau pathology in the.pre.synaptic supe.natant *** furthe. inve.tigate.the.de.sity of synapse. in the.hippocampus of 16-18 month-old Tg2576 mice.we.e.ploye. ste.e.logical and e.e.tron microscopic *** findings indicate. a de.re.se.in the.de.sity of e.citatory synapse. in the.stratum radiatum of the.hippocampal CA1 in cognitive.y impaire. Tg2576 mice.compare. with age.matche. re.ilie.t Tg2576 and non-transge.ic ***,through quantitative.immunoe.e.tron microscopy in the.hippocampus of impaire. and re.ilie.t Tg2576 transge.ic Ad mice.we.uncove.e. diffe.e.ce. in the.subce.lular localization of glutamate.***,the.de.sity of GluA1,GluA2/3,and mGlu5 in spine. and de.dritic shafts of CA1 pyramidal ce.ls in impaire. Tg2576 mice.was significantly re.uce. compare. with age.matche. re.ilie.t Tg2576 and non-transge.ic ***,the.de.sity of GluA2/3 in re.ilie.t Tg2576 mice.was significantly incre.se. in spine. but not in de.dritic shafts compare. with impaire. Tg2576 and non-transge.ic *** subce.lular findings strongly support the.hypothe.is that de.dritic spine.plasticity and synaptic machine.y in the.hippocampus play cr

关键词： aging Alzhe.me.´s dise.se cognitive hippocampus immunoe.e.tron microscopy re.ilie.ce synapse