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Cell Stress by Phosphate of Two Protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila and Tetrahymena pyriformis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2017年第12期8卷 451-462页

作者： papa daouda mar Bouchra El Khalfi Jose Roman Perez-Castineira Aurelio Serrano Abdelaziz Soukri Laboratory of Physiopathology Genetics Molecular and Biotechnology(PGMB)Faculty of Sciences Ain ChockUniversity Hassan Ⅱ of CasablancaCasablancaMorocco Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis CSIC-Universidad de SevillaCentro de Investigaciones Científicas“Isla de la Cartuja”SevillaSpain

Phosphorus is one of the bioelements most needed as a compound cell by living organisms. Phosphorus is involved in several pathologies: in human with bone and kidney diseases, in mammals with metabolism disorder (glucose, insulin···), in microorganisms whose phosphorus is involved in cell growth. Phosphorus has various forms including pyrophosphate, a by-product of multiple pathways of biosynthesis. Enzymes that hydrolyze pyrophosphate are called inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases). Two major types of inorganic pyrophosphatases are distinguished: the soluble pyrophosphatases (sPPases) and the membrane pyrophosphatases (mPPases or H+/Na+-PPases). They play a key role in the control of intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate level and produce an important ions gradient (H+ or Na+) to the cells. In this work, we primarily focused on the physiological study in a phosphate-poor medium of two models Tetrahymena thermophile and Tetrahymena pyriformis, following the mobility, the growth and the morphology of cells. Secondly, we evaluated the enzymatic activity of soluble and membrane pyrophosphatases in both species grown in the same complex medium. A decrease of cell growth is correlated with unusual morphologies and different mobility in the stress medium. The measurement of soluble and membrane inorganic pyrophosphatases activities also shows a decrease which illustrates the lack of phosphate found in the stress medium. Deficiency of phosphate is a limiting factor for protozoan growth. These results indicate that Tetrahymena can be used as a model of cellular stress and consists of a target to study inorganic pyrophosphatases for a better understanding of phosphate cycle in higher organisms.

关键词： Phosphorus Pyrophosphatases NBRIP Tetrahymena

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Congenital Heart Disease with Left-to-Right Shunt: According to a Retrospective Study at Albert Royer’s National Children’s Hospital Center

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期13卷 649-656页

作者： Aliou mar Coundoul Khadim Bop Abdou Aziz Faye Amadou Lamine Fall Idrissa Demba Ba papa Mactar Faye Department of Cardiology Albert Royer’s National Children’s Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Ward Abass Ndao Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Pulmonary arterial hypertension PAH is a progressive disease characterized by an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance. It often complicates congenital heart disease with a left-to-right shunt. The objective of this study is to evaluate the evolutionary profile of the pulmonary pressures of children with congenital heart disease with left-to-right shunt and to identify the factors favoring an evolution towards PAH. This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of four years and six months (from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2020) at the Center National d’Enfant Albert Royer in Dakar on a series of 87 cases. The hospital frequency was 3.98 per thousand, and the incidence of PAH was 9.44%. The sex ratio of 0.74. The average age was 44.76 months. The average time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of heart disease is 78.81 days. Dyspnea was found in 70.11% of cases, the burst of pulmonary B2 was found in 55%. Global heart failure was noted in 39.08% of cases. Cardiomegaly was found in 89.66% and pulmonary hypervascularization was found in 57.72% of cases. CIV was present in 54.02% of cases, followed by PCA in 21.14% and CAVc in 18.39% of cases. furosemide was used in 97.70% of cases and Captopril in 74.71% of cases. Sildenafil was used in 10.34% of patients, and 12.64% of patients benefited from surgical management. Eisenmenger syndrome was found in 12.64% of patients. PAH in these heart diseases is a formidable and frequent complication, due to an increase in precapillary flow. The major improvement in mortality and morbidity is early surgical management, in the first months of life, to prevent pulmonary vascular disease.

关键词： PAH Left-to-Right Shunt Einsenmenger Syndrome

Effects of Seed Pretreatment on Germination, Growth and Yield of Momordica charantiaL.

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第1期12卷 39-57页

作者： Samba Balde Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Antoine Sambou Khadim Niane papa Guedel Faye Mady Cisse Codou mar Diop Polytechnic Higher School Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Sénégal Center for Studies on Food Safety and Functional Molecules (CESAM) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Sénégal Department of Agroforestry Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Sénégal

Momordica charantia is a plant species widely used in food and traditional medicine. However, the germination techniques and the performances of M. charantia are poorly understood by the populations. This study aims to better understand the germination, growth and development characteristics, and yield of M. charantia. Three pretreatments of the seeds are used for the shortening of the pre-germination period: soaking the seeds in tap water for 24 hours (batch 2), in hot water at 80˚C (batch 3), for 24 hours and in the boiling water at 100˚C for 24 hours (batch 4). A control without soaking (batch 1) was also carried out. The seeds were sown in plastic boxes in the laboratory with sterile sand and directly in the nursery in polyethylene sleeves. The influence of the light factor (light and dark) and watering frequency (every day and every two days) on the growth and yield parameters was evaluated respectively in the laboratory and in the nursery. Germination, growth and yield parameters were determined. The results show that the light and frequency of watering factors have no influence (p > 0.05) on the rate and duration of seed germination unlike pretreatments. Thus, Batch1 and 2 exhibit significantly higher germination rates (70% ± 16%) than Lots 3 and 4 (21% ± 15%) in the laboratory and in the nursery. On the other hand in terms of germination time, batch 3 and 4 displayed shorter durations (14 days) than those batch1 and 2 (23 days). Growth parameters and yield (fruit and seeds) are strongly influenced by watering frequency, unlike pretreatments which only affect yield. Growth and yield parameters are significantly higher with daily watering than daily watering. Ultimately, this study showed that pretreatments have an influence on the duration and rate of germination as well as the frequency of watering on the performance of M. charantia

关键词： Momordica charantia Germination Performance Yield

Proximate and Major Minerals Components of the Edible Pulp of Momordica charantiaFruit

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 32-39页

作者： Samba Balde Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Oumar Ben Khatab Cisse papa Guedel Faye Mady Cisse Codou mar Diop Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire et les Molécules Fonctionnelles (CESAM) Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae), is a plant commonly used in traditional medicine in Senegal whose fruits are weakly consumed by the population. However, no data exists on the nutritional intake of the latter. This work aims to determine the physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of the pulp of Momordica charantia. The study focused on two lots of fruits from two geographically different regions of Senegal (Dakar and Fatick). The biochemical analyses of the pulp showed average values of protein from 2.39 ± 0.01 g/100 g to 3.19 ± 0.01 g/100 g;reducing sugar from 4.22 ± 0.10 g/100 g to 3.55 ± 0.10 g/100 g;totals sugar from 4.43 ± 0.02 g/100 g to 3.38 ± 0.58 g/100 g. The average contents of polyphenol and flavonoids were respectively from 1.91 ± 0.04 g/100 g to 1.04 ± 0.09 g/100 g and 32.59 ± 0.04 mg/100 g and 20.75 ± 1.19 mg/100 g. According to these results, the fruit of M. charantia may be considered as rich in antioxidant. At the opposite, it is very weak in mineral elements, such as calcium and potassium (1.01 mg/100 g;3.38 mg/100 g). Meanwhile, the seeds content 24% of lipids. Thus, investigations should be done on its biological proprieties, physical and biochemical components.

关键词： Momordica charantia Characterization Pulp

Traditional Mead “Bessoudioury” from Senegal: Process and Characterization

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第12期9卷 1424-1433页

作者： Oumar Ibn Khatab Cisse Bou Ndiaye papa Guedel Faye Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mathieu Gueye Mady Cisse Codou mar Diop Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Sénégal Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire et les Molécules Fonctionnelles (CESAM) Dakar Sénégal Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (IFAN) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Sénégal

Mead is a beverage obtained by alcoholic fermentation of honey, with an ethanol content of 8% to 18% by volume. In Africa, mead manufacturing methods rely on heating honey and adding extracts of fruits, herbs or spices. “Bessoudioury” mead is then prepared according to the traditional process of the Bassari and Bedick peoples of Kedougou (Senegal). This work on “Bessoudioury” aims to describe and characterize the manufacturing processes. It was also to evaluate the chemical and microbiological characteristics. The study focused on three Kedougou production sites. The manufacturing process of “Bessoudioury” includes a honey heating, a formulation step by adding wine of either Borassus aethiopicum mart. or Elaeis guineensis. This step is followed by a fermentation’s one during two days. Wine is considered as the essential sources of yeasts for the production of alcohol. “Bessoudioury” has an ethanol content of 8% (v/v). Moulds and Streptococcus were not detected in this mead. According to its polyphenols content, this mead has a nutritional interest, but the process deserves to be reviewed to preserve nutrients.

关键词： Honey Mead Fermentation Bessoudioury

Saba senegalensis: Key Features and Uses

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第9期9卷 1099-1111页

作者： Médoune Gaye Sarr Nafissatou Diop Ndiaye Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou papa Guedel Faye Mady Cisse Mama Sakho Codou mar Diop Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique University Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et des Procédés Membranaires Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire et les Molécules Fonctionnelles (CESAM) Dakar Sénégal Institut de Technologie Alimentaire (ITA) Atelier de transformation des fruits et légumes Dakar Sénégal

Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex, dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a trunk that can measure up to 47 cm in diameter. The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. The leaves are opposite, elliptical, dark green in color, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide. This fruit is characterized by its richness in antioxidant molecules especially vitamin C (480 mg/100 g) and total polyphenols (945.83 mg/100 g). The fruit contents 41.43 until 80% water with a low pH (2.24). In Senegal, the fruit is eaten as it or transformed into puree, nectar, syrup, canned etc. It is a plant that has enormous therapeutic virtues, from the fruit to the roots through the leaves, bark, and latex. Despite its high nutritional potential, its many therapeutic virtues and its economic potential, Saba senegalensis remains under-exploited. Further researches on the nutritional and therapeutic properties deserve to be conducted.

关键词： Senegal Saba senegalensis Fruit Uses Composition

Cardiac Echography in Pediatrics at the Regional Hospital of Diourbel: Indication and Result

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第9期13卷 556-564页

作者： Aliou mar Coundoul Abdou Aziz Faye Khadim Bop Amadou Lamine Fall papa Moctar Faye Ndeye Fatou Boye Ndeye Tenning Faye Ousmane Ndiaye Pediatric Service Cheikh Ahmadoul Khadim National Hospital Center of Touba Diourbel Diourbel Senegal Albert Royer National Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Henrich Lû ckbe Center Diourbel Senegal

Childhood heart disease is a real public health problem. In our contexts, care remains a major challenge. Doppler echocardiography remains the essential examination for diagnosis. The objective of our study was to describe the different clinical indications for cardiac ultrasound in children and the main pediatric heart diseases at the Diourbel Heinrich Lübke Regional Hospital. This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study spanning from 2020 to 2022;covering a series of 140 cases. The study was carried out using patient clinical observation sheets and consultation sheets. We identified 140 ultrasounds. The average age of patients was 35.96 months with extremes of 0.03 months and 192 months. The female sex was predominant, with an M/F sex ratio of 0.72. Ultrasound was systematically requested in 67.14% of the study population. The indications found were mainly: heart murmur, polymalformative syndrome, respiratory failure, bronchiolitis, cardiomegaly, suspicion of heart disease, cardiomegaly, pre-therapeutic and pre-operative assessment. A total of 71 cardiac abnormalities were found in 65 patients, i.e. a prevalence of 46.42%. Congenital heart disease was more frequent (found in 49 patients, a prevalence of 35%) and was dominated by the CIA. There was a female predominance in almost all heart diseases except in the case of endocarditis where codominance is found. Our study has made it possible, through echocardiography, to evaluate the indications for echocardiography in children, to determine the prevalence of heart disease in children and also to assess the relevance of requests for echocardiography.

关键词： Echocardiography Pediatrics Indications Diourbel

Impact of Extraction Method on Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Adansonia digitataOil

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第8期9卷 937-955页

作者： Mady Cissé Alioune Sow Patrick Poucheret Delphine margout Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou papa Guédel Faye Mama Sakho Codou mar Gueye Diop Laboratoire de Formation Continue en Industries Agroalimentaire (LFCIA) ESP-UCAD Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité alimentaire et les Molécules fonctionnelles (CESAM-RESCIF) ESP-UCAD Dakar Senegal UMR Qualisud Université de Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier Supagro Université Avignon Université La Réunion Montpellier France

In this study, the effect of extraction processes on the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seed oil was evaluated. The oils were extracted, on the one hand, by cold pressing, and on the other hand, with three types of organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, n-hexane). The recorded results indicated that the extraction yield of baobab oil was significantly impacted by both the extraction method and the polarity of the solvent used. In addition, chloroform provides the best extraction yield (40.12 ± 0.607). However, extraction by cold pressure preserves at best the physicochemical and bioactive properties of the extracted oils. Indeed, the pressing oil contains a content of phenolic compounds (0.047 ± 0.0024 mgEAG/g of oil) and a very high radical scavenging activity (DPPH) (31.71% ± 0.61%). For the various oils extracted, the minimum and maximum values were 0.50 and 3.17 mEq?kg-1;56.26 and 99.113 mgI2?100 g-1;1.457 and 1.465;205.37 and 233.587 mgKOH/g respectively for the peroxide, iodine, refractive and saponification values. The color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of the oils also differ depending on the nature of the organic solvent used. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were performed on the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant potential of the extracted oils. Therefore, the results suggest the mixed use of acetone and hexane to obtain oil comparable to that extracted by cold pressing.

关键词： Adansonia digitata L. Oil Extraction Biochemical Characteristics

Evaluation of the Influence of Plastic Waste in Improving the Mechanical Characteristics of Asphalt Mixes (Senegal, West Africa)

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第3期13卷 517-527页

作者： Adama Dione papa Sanou Faye Mohamadou Moustapha Thiam Birame Diouf Cheikh Diallo Achim Becker Diodio Diouf Moussa Sow Malick Thiam marème Ba National Hight School of Mining and Geology ex IST UCAD Dakar Senégal Science and Technology Department Iba Der Thiam University Thiès Senegal UFR Engineering Sciences Iba Der Thiam University of Thies Thies Senegal Speciesanalytik Laboratory Dakar Senegal Aventurin Waste ONG Bochum Germany Department of Geology UCAD Dakar Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique UCAD Dakar Senegal

The recovery of plastic waste has a positive impact on two fronts: The environment, through waste reduction, and the economy, through its use in road construction. This work involves recycling plastic variants such as Polypropylene (PP) 50% and LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) 50% in proportions of 2% to 8%, incorporated into a 0/14 BBSG. The results of the marshall test gave stability values ranging from 826 to 1523 kg and creep values from 5.5 to 2.45 mm. The Duriez test gave r/R values ranging from 0.769 to 0.786, with water absorption percentages from 2.24% to 0.69%. The PCG test at 80 gyrations gave void percentages ranging from 11.9% to 5.23%. The rutting test gives a rutting depth percentage that drops at 30,000 cycles from 11.5% to 1.3%. This study shows a considerable increase in the mechanical characteristics of asphalt mixes by adding plastic waste.

关键词： Plastic Waste marshall Environmental Impact BBSG Recycling