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National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany

Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 50-68页

作者： Nadja K.Simons María R.Felipe-lucia Peter Schall Christian Ammer Jürgen Bauhus Nico Blüthgen Steffen Boch François Buscot markus Fischer Kezia Goldmann martin M.Gossner Falk Hänsel Kirsten Jung Peter Manning Thomas Nauss Yvonne Oelmann rodica Pena Andrea Polle Swen C.renner Michael Schloter Ingo Schöning Ernst-Detlef Schulze Emily F.Solly Elisabeth Sorkau Barbara Stempfhuber Tesfaye Wubet Jörg Müller Sebastian Seibold Wolfgang W.Weisser Terrestrial Ecology research Group Technische Universität MünchenHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354 FreisingGermany Present address:Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental research-UFZ Department of Ecosystem ServicesDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Present address:German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077 GöttingenGermany Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137073 GöttingenGermany Chair of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstr.479106 FreiburgGermany Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Biodiversity and Conservation Biology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Helmholtz Centre for Environmental research-UFZ Department of Soil EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 Halle(Saale)Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Forest Entomology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichUniversitätstr 168092 ZürichSwitzerland Environmental Informatics University of MarburgDeutschhausstraße 1235032 MarburgGermany Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069 UlmGermany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate research Centre Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Geoecology University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany Present address:Department of Sustaina

Background:Forests perform various important ecosystem functions that contribute to ecosystem services.In many parts of the world,forest management has shifted from a focus on timber production to multi-purpose forestry,combining timber production with the supply of other forest ecosystem services.However,it is unclear which forest types provide which ecosystem services and to what extent forests primarily managed for timber already supply multiple ecosystem services.Based on a comprehensive dataset collected across 150 forest plots in three regions differing in management intensity and species composition,we develop models to predict the potential supply of 13 ecosystem services.We use those models to assess the level of multifunctionality of managed forests at the national level using national forest inventory data.results:Looking at the potential supply of ecosystem services,we found trade-offs(e.***.between both bark beetle control or dung decomposition and both productivity or soil carbon stocks)as well as synergies(e.***.for temperature regulation,carbon storage and culturally interesting plants)across the 53 most dominant forest types in Germany.No single forest type provided all ecosystem services equally.Some ecosystem services showed comparable levels across forest types(e.***.decomposition or richness of saprotrophs),while others varied strongly,depending on forest structural attributes(e.***.phosphorous availability or cover of edible plants)or tree species composition(e.***.potential nitrification activity).Variability in potential supply of ecosystem services was only to a lesser extent driven by environmental conditions.However,the geographic variation in ecosystem function supply across Germany was closely linked with the distribution of main tree species.Conclusions:Our results show that forest multifunctionality is limited to subsets of ecosystem services.The importance of tree species composition highlights that a lack of multifunctionality at the stand level can be compensated by managing forests at the

关键词： Ecosystem processes and services Forest management Structural diversity Tree species composition Trade-offs and synergies Forest productivity

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Incipient sliding of adhesive contacts

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Friction 2022年第6期10卷 963-976页

作者： Francesc PÉrEZ-rÀFOLS lucia NICOLA Department of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaPadua I-35131Italy Department of Material Science and Engineering Delft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CN the Netherlands

A model is proposed herein to investigate the incipient sliding of contacts in the presence of both friction and adhesion,where the interfacial response is modeled based on traction-separation laws.A Maugis-like parameter is defined to characterize the response in the tangential direction.Subsequently,the model is used to investigate the contact between a smooth cylinder and a flat body,where adhesion-friction interactions are strong.A range of behaviors are observed when a tangential displacement is imposed:When the parameter is low,the contact pressure exhibits a relatively constant profile;when it is high,a pressure spike is observed at the edge of the contact.This difference is caused by a significant interface compliance in the former case,which limits the amount of slip.The results for the mid-range values of the Maugis-like parameter can qualitatively replicate various experiments performed using polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)balls.

关键词： incipient sliding adhesion traction-separation laws

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Ontogenetic niche specialization of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae associated with the medusa Lychnorhiza lucerna

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 549-559页

作者： Geslaine rafaela Lemos Gonçalves Milena regina Wolf mariana Antunes felipe Wanderley Amorim maria lucia Negreiros-Fransozo Antonio Leão Castilho Group of Studies on Crustacean Biology Ecology and Culture-NEBECCBiosciences InstituteSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuSP 18618-689Brazil and Laboratory of Pollination Ecology and Interactions-LEPI Biosciences InstituteSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuSP 18618-689Brazil

Symbiotic relationships in marine environments are not fixed and can change throughout the animal’s life.This study investigated the ontogeny of symbiosis of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae with the host medusa Lychnorhiza lucerna.We described the type of relationship,the temporal correlation among species,and food habits.More than 50%of the sampled crabs were symbionts,most in early life stages.The highest number of crabs found in a single medusa was 11.Symbiosis was observed throughout most of the year but was more evident in warm periods.The crab has many benefits in this relationship with a medusa.One is the use of food resources captured by the medusa,primarily copepods.Because the crab steals the medusa’s food,it is a kleptoparasitic relationship.There is a niche partition between symbiont and the free-living crabs as they occupy different habitats and use nonoverlapping food resources.Previous research reported that symbiosis first developed during the crab’s last larval phase(megalopa)when crab and medusa are in the same habitat.Observation of the crab’s behavior shows that symbiosis occurs when the crab can grab to the medusa when the host touches the sea bottom.The crab also took advantage of water currents,releasing itself from the substrate and then drifting toward the medusa.The symbiotic relationship that crabs have with the medusa provides then with a nursery,food resources,shelter,dispersion,and decreased competition with free-living adult crabs,all essential for the crab’s survival.

关键词： behavior development kleptoparasitism megalopa niche segregation

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基于LCA的废铅酸蓄电池湿法和火法回收工艺环境影响比较研究

基于LCA的废铅酸蓄电池湿法和火法回收工艺环境影响比较研究

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作者： Juan felipe Cerdas marín 华中科技大学

学位级别：硕士

在金属铅的主要应用领域中，铅酸蓄电池作为最主要的金属铅消耗产品，每年世界范围内超过70%的金属铅应用于铅酸蓄电池行业。仅仅在中国，2010年精炼铅的消耗达到421万吨，其中80%最终都用于生产铅酸蓄电池。从废旧铅中重新提取精炼铅... 详细信息

在金属铅的主要应用领域中，铅酸蓄电池作为最主要的金属铅消耗产品，每年世界范围内超过70%的金属铅应用于铅酸蓄电池行业。仅仅在中国，2010年精炼铅的消耗达到421万吨，其中80%最终都用于生产铅酸蓄电池。从废旧铅中重新提取精炼铅的工艺使得铅酸蓄电池使用拥有了很长的历史。铅的再造业在十多年前就已经达到90%，并且铅酸蓄电池是现有的原材料回收率最高的商业产品。废旧铅酸蓄电池主要成份为48-50%废铅膏，其包括PbSO4(0%),PbO2(8%)和PbO (%)。还原硫酸铅需要高温的作用，所以废铅膏回收一般都是通过高温分解工艺。总的来说，虽然这样的技术被质疑，但依然占据了全世界已有技术90%以上的份额。使用这种方式废铅膏一般被置于熔炉中，在超过1000℃条件下被熔化。由于使用焦炭或者煤作为燃料，大量的CO2，铅的颗粒和SO2同时被产生和释放。考虑到市场容量，产品毒性以及对传统恢复工艺的影响，确保这种提取和恢复工艺的生态效益就十分必要。对于这样的挑战，一种新的不同尺度下基于湿法冶金的方案被提出，该方法将实现更加清洁和有效的铅再生。实验室规模基于湿法冶金提取超高纯度铅氧化物的实验被提出并正在不断改进。这种新的方法可以显著降低污染并且拥有更高的恢复(再生)率和更低能量强度要求。作为这种新方法研究的一部分，本研究着重比较了火法冶金和湿法冶金的生态效益，通过生命周期评价方法(Life Cycle Assessment,简称LCA)研究这种新技术的潜在生态效益。这必须全面考虑所有该过程中的能源及物质损耗，排放以及固废的排放。通过全面边界构建，两种方法的一些有代表性的功能单元，所有详尽汇集数据以及历史环境影响都被给出和分析。本研究分析了两种再生铅生产工艺过程中主要的环境影响因子。火法过程中能量消耗(以煤炭燃烧的形式)为主要的影响因子。

关键词：废旧铅酸蓄电池火法冶金湿法冶金生命周期评价再生铅

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Near-infrared leaf reflectance modeling of Annona emarginata seedlings for early detection of variations in nitrogen concentration

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Journal of Forestry research 2023年第1期34卷 269-282页

作者： rafaela Lancas Gomes marília Caixeta Sousa felipe Girotto Campos Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro José raimundo de Souza Passos Gisela Ferreira Bioestatistic Plant BiologyParasitology and Zoology DepartmentBioscience Institute(IBB)Universidade Estadual Paulista(UNESP)BotucatuSao PauloBrazil

Nitrogen(N)monitoring is essential in nurseries to ensure the production of high-quality seedlings.Nearinfrared spectroscopy(NIrS)is an instantaneous,nondestructive method to monitor N.Spectral data such as NIrS can also provide the basis for developing a new vegetation spectral index(VSI).Here,we evaluated whether NIrS combined with statistical modeling can accurately detect early variations in N concentration in leaves of young plants of Annona emargiaata and developed a new VSI for this task.Plants were grown in a hydroponics system with 0,2.75,5.5or 11 mM N for 45 days.Then we measured gas exchange,chlorophylla fluorescence,and pigments in leaves;analyzed complete leaf nutrients,and recorded spectral data for leaves at 966 to 1685 nm using NIrS.With a statistical learning approach,the dimensionality of the spectral data was reduced,then models were generated using two classes(N deficiency,N)or four classes(0,2.75,5.5,11 mM N).The best combination of techniques for dimensionality reduction and classification,respectively,was stepwise regression(PrOC STEPDISC)and linear discriminant function.It was possible to detect N deficiency in seedlings leaves with 100%precision,and the four N concentrations with93.55%accuracy before photosynthetic damage to the plant occurred.Thereby,NIrS combined with statistical modeling of multidimensional data is effective for detecting N variations in seedlings leaves of A.emarginata.

关键词： Mineral nutrition of plants Near-infrared spectroscopy Spectral vegetation index Digital signature Statistical learning Fluorescence of chlorophylla

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Asymmetric hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation in the enantioselective synthesis of flavonoids

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第4期9卷 1165-1194页

作者： Guilherme S.Caleffi felipe C.Demidoff Carmen Najera Paulo r.r.Costa Laboratorio de Quimica Bioorganica(LQB) Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos NaturaisUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroAv.Carlos Chagas Filho 373Bloco HCidade Universitaria21941-902 Rio de Janeiro Centro de Innovacion en Quimica Avanzada(OrFEO-CINQA) Universidad de AlicanteApdo.99E-03080 AlicanteSpain

Asymmetric hydrogenation(AH)and asymmetric transfer hydrogenation(ATH)are versatile synthetic methodologies widely employed in the preparation of chiral compounds.In this review,we explore the applications of AH and ATH in the total synthesis of natural flavonoids and their analogues,highlighting the limitations and opportunities in the field.

关键词： compounds field hydrogenation

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Neurotrophin receptors,gamma-secretase inhibitors,and neurodegeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons

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Neural regeneration research 2022年第7期17卷 1493-1494页

作者： marçal Vilar Instituto de Biomedicina de València del CSIC ValènciaSpain

The amyloid hypothesis of Alzhemer’s disease(AD)postulates that the generation of amyloid-beta(Aβ)peptide from the amyloid precursor protein(APP)by the action of theγ-secretase complex is one of the principal causes of AD.This idea is supported by the identification of several hereditary mutations in the APP gene or in the PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes that encode Presenilin-1 and Presenilin-2.

关键词： amyloid Aβ cholinergic

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Seismic analysis of cantilever earth retaining walls embedded in dry sand by simplified approaches and finite element method

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岩土力学 2022年第6期43卷 1617-1634页

作者： FErrO Edgar OSS Andrea SIMEONI lucia Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering University of TrentoTrentoItaly SWS Engineering S.p.A. TrentoItaly

In engineering practice simplified methods are essential to the seismic design of embedded earth retaining walls,as fullydynamic numerical analyses are costly,time-consuming and require specific expertise.recently developed pseudostatic methods provide earth stresses and internal forces,even in those cases in which the strength of the soil surrounding the structure is not entirely mobilised.Semiempirical correlations or Newmark sliding block method provide an estimate of earthquake-induced permanent displacements.However,the use of these methods is hindered by uncertainties in the evaluation of a few input parameters,affecting the reliability of the methods.This study uses 1 D site response analyses and 2 D fully-dynamic finite element analyses to show that simplified methods can provide a reasonable estimate of the maximum bending moment and permanent displacements for stiff cantilever walls embedded in uniform sand,providing that a few input parameters are evaluated through semiempirical correlations and a simple 1 D site response analysis.

关键词： embedded retaining wall seismic design finite elements pseudostatic methods Newmark permanent displacement

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Connected phytohormone biosynthesis pathways at the core of growth-stress tradeoffs

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Molecular Plant 2022年第7期15卷 1087-1089页

作者： Katelyn Sageman-Furnas lucia Strader Duke University DurhamNC 27708USA

How plants experiencing environmental stress regulate their growth to survive is a fundamental question crucial for future food security.Drought and high salinity both represent osmotic stresses that severely decrease crop yields worldwide.Understanding how plants cope with these stresses becomes increasingly critical as the world faces a rapid deterioration of arable land.Plants respond to stress by activating stress-avoidance or stress-tolerance pathways,reprogramming gene regulatory networks,and increasing protective solutes(reviewed in Claeys and lnze,2013;Zhang et al.,2020).

关键词： programming stress critical

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The Convex-Set Algebra and Intersection Theory on the Toric riemann–Zariski Space

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2022年第3期38卷 465-486页

作者： Ana maría BOTErO Institut Für Mathematik Universität RegensburgUniversitätsstr.3193053RegensbergGermany

In previous work of the author,a top intersection product of toric b-divisors on a smooth complete toric variety is defined.It is shown that a nef toric b-divisor corresponds to a convex set and that its top inetersection number equals the volume of this convex set.The goal of this article is to extend this result and define an intersection product of sufficiently positive toric b-classes of arbitrary codimension.For this,we extend the polytope algebra of McMullen to the so called convex-set algebra and we show that it embeds in the toric b-Chow group.In this way,the convex-set algebra can be viewed as a ring for an intersection theory for sufficiently positive toric b-classes.As an application,we show that some Hodge type inequalities are satisfied for the convex set algebra.

关键词： Convex geometry intersection theory toric varieties b-Chow groups riemann–Zariski spaces

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