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Experimental implementation of phase triplicator gratings in a spatial light modulator

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 64-69页

作者：高尚 maría del mar Sánchez-López Ignacio Moreno Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales Óptica y Tec.Electr´onicaUniversidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain

In this work,we compare different methods for implementing a triplicator,a phase grating that generates three equiintense diffraction orders.The design with optimal efficiency features a continuous phase profile,which cannot be easily reproduced,and is typically affected by quantization.We compare its performance with binary and sinusoidal phase profiles.We also analyze the effect of quantizing the phase levels.Finally,a random approach is adopted to eliminate the additional harmonic orders.In all cases,a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator is employed to experimentally verify and compare the different approaches.

关键词： diffraction gratings phase modulation triplicator spatial light modulators

Tracking the change in Spanish greenhouse gas emissions through an LMDI decomposition model:A global and sectoral approach

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 114-122页

作者： Paula Fernández González maría José Presno Manuel Landajo Department of Applied Economics University of OviedoAuda del Cristos/n 33011 OviedoSpain

The reduction of GHG emissions to reverse the greenhouse effect is one of the main challenges in this century.In this paper we pursue two objectives.First,we analyze the evolution of GHG emissions in Spain in 2008–2018,at both the global and sectoral levels,with the variation in emissions decomposed into a set of determining factors.Second,we propose several actions specifically oriented to more tightly controlling the level of emissions.Our results showed a remarkable reduction(18.44%)in GHG emissions,mainly due to the intensity effect,but also to the production-per-capita effect.We detected somewhat different patterns among the various sectors analyzed.While the intensity effect was the most influential one in the agricultural,transport,and others sectors,the production-per-capita effect was predominant in the case of industry.The carbonization effect was revealed as crucial in the commerce sector.The above findings highlight the importance of the energy efficiency measures taken in recent years in the Spanish economy,also pointing to the need to deepen those strategies and to propose new measures that entail greater efficiency in emissions.Additional efforts in areas like innovation,r&D,diffusion of more eco-friendly technologies,and a greater use of greener energies all prove to be essential reduction actions to fight the greenhouse effect.

关键词： LMDI Decomposition Spain GHG emissions

Ventriculo-atrial shunt with occlusion of the internal jugular vein: operative experience and surgical technique

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中华神经外科杂志(英文) 2024年第2期10卷 1-8页

作者： Quintero Silvia Tatiana ramirez-Velandia felipe Moreno Andres felipe Hortua Vera Lina rugeles Paula Gonzalez rafael Augusto Azuero Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Clinica Medilaser S.A.S. Clinica Chicamocha Bucaramanga Santander Colombia Neurology and Neurosurgery research Group Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá D.C. Colombia Universidad Industrial de Santander Clinica Chicamocha Bucaramanga Colombia Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga Clinica Chicamocha Bucaramanga Colombia Clinica Chicamocha Bucaramanga Santander Colombia

Background Ventricular shunts are one of the most frequent techniques used for the management of hydrocephalus. The ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is the most commonly performed procedure, and the ventriculoatrial shunt (VAS) is the second option in most medical centers. The main objective of this study is to introduce and describe a surgical approach for VAS outlining our experience and comparing it with traditional shunting techniques.Methods In this retrospective cohort comparison study, we included patients with hydrocephalus treated with a surgical procedure between January 2010 and February 2021 at a single academic institution. We categorized the procedures into two groups: patients with VPS and conventional VAS grouped together into the conventional technique (CT) group, and the second group was patients with whom we performed VAS with complete internal jugular vein occlusion (IJVOT). We compared the surgical time, postoperative complications, and occurrence of shunt failure among the groups by performing univariate analysis using the Fisher exact test.results Out of the 106 patients included in the analysis, IJVOT was performed in 66 patients, and CT in 40 patients. The median surgical time was 60 min (IQr 60-90) for IJVOT versus 100 min (IQr 60-120) for CT (p r the procedure, 83.3% of patients with IJVOT and 62.5% of patients with CT did not require shunt removal or shunt revision (p revision rates were 12.5% and 1.5% for CT while 1.5% and 2.5% for IJVOT at 1 and 6 months after the procedure.Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that VAS with IJVOT is a safe method that exhibited shorter surgical times and outcomes comparable to CT. However, since the present study represents the first cohort evaluating IJVOT, it is imperative to conduct larger prospective studies, along with clinical trials, to fully explore and establish efficacy, long-term outcomes, and an in-depth comparison among shunting techniques.

关键词： Hydrocephalus Ventriculoatrial shunting Internal jugular vein Operative time Complications Shunt removal

A prototype for on-site generation of chlorinated disinfectant for use in rural aqueducts

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 33-40页

作者： Diana marcela Cuesta Parra felipe Correa Mahecha Andrés felipe rubio Pinzon Davidcamilo ramirez Bustos Leonel Alveyro Teran Llorente Miguel Fernando Jimenez Jimenez Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department Fundacion Universidad de AmericaBogota 11711Colombia Chemical Engineering Department Fundacion Universidad de AmericaBogota 117111Colombia Mecanical Engineering Department Fundacion Universidad de AmericaBogota 117111Colombia

Sodium hypochlorite has significant potential as a sanitation solution in hard-to-reach areas.Few studies have investigated the optimal electrolysis parameters for its production with volumes greater than 1o L.This study evaluated sodium hypochlorite production through electrolysis in a 22-L prototype and identified the optimal operating parameters.Tests were performed using graphite electrodes with areas of 68.4 cm²at the laboratory scale and 1865.0 cm?at the prototype scale.A design for experiments with different operating times,chloride concentrations,and electric current intensities was developed.The optimal operating time,sodium chloride concentration,and current intensity at the laboratory scale were 120 min,150 g of chloride per liter,and 3 A,respectively,leading to the production of 5.02 g/L of the disinfectant with an energy efficiency of 12.21 mg of Cl2 per kilojoule.At the prototype scale,the maximum sodium hypochlorite concentration of 3.99 g of chloride per liter was achieved with an operating time of 120 min,a sodium chloride concentration of 100 g of chloride per liter,and a current intensity of 70 A,reaching an energy efficiency of 42.56 mg of Cl2 per kilojoule.In addition,this study evaluated the influences of the chloride concentration,current intensity,and operating time on the production of sodium hypochlorite at the two scales,and formulated the equations showing the trends of sodium hypochlorite production and energy efficiency in the electrochemical systems.The 22-L prototype model for production of this oxidizing substance is promising for disinfection of large volumes of water in areas that are difficult to access.

关键词： Disinfection Electrolysis Energy efficiency Optimization Sodium hypochlorite

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 1-12页

作者： lucia V.Sommaro Juan J.martinez marina B.Chiappero Andrea r.Steinmann Cristina N.Gardenal JoséW.Priotto Laboratorio de Ecologia Evolutiva y Biogeografia Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas(INECoA)Universidad Nacional de Jujuy-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET)San Salvador de JujuyJujuyArgentina Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal(IDEA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)and Universidad Nacionalde CordobaCordobaArgentina Catedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFisicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CordobaCordobaArgentina Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecologia Poblacional y Comportamental(GIEPCO) Instituto de Ciencias de la TierraBiodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBiA)Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina

The sex-biased dispersal and kinship dynamics are important factors shaping the spatial distribution of individuals and are key parameters affecting a variety of ecological and evolutionary processes.Here,we studied the spatial distribution of related individuals within a population of corn mice Calomys musculinus in a seasonal cycle to infer dispersal patterns.The sampling was carried out from spring 2005 to winter 2006 in field borders of intensively managed agroecosystems.Genotyping data from 346 individuals with 9 microsatellites showed spatial genetic structure was weak for males,but not for females.The results indicate a complex spatial kinship dynamic of related females across all seasons.Which,contrary to our expectations,dispersal distances decrease with the increase of the population abundance.Meanwhile,male dispersal distances were greater when population abundance increased and thus the availability of active females.Males disperse greater distances to mate and sire offspring with distant females as a possible inbreeding avoidance mechanism.This study shows that C.musculinus is capable of much greater scattering distances than previously reported and that dispersal occurs fluidly and without barriers across the agroecosystem.The indirect benefit of dispersal on individual fitness could be related to relaxing the competition in the natal area and increasing the mating rate.Our study highlights the value of combining genetic relatedness,fieldwork observations,and behavioral data to estimate dispersal at a fine geographical scale.

关键词： dispersal distances kinship dynamics microsatellite small mammals spatial autocorrelation

A texture-modified dessert with high nutritional value designed for people with dysphagia:effect of refrigeration and frozen storage

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 462-471页

作者： maría Cartagena Larisa Giura Diana Ansorena Iciar Astiasaran Department of Nutrition Food Science and PhysiologyFaculty of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversidad de NavarraC/Irunlarrea s/nPamplona 31008Spain Center for Nutrition research University of Navarrac/Irunlarrea 1Pamplona 31008Spain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra IDISNAPamplona 31008Spain National Centre for Food Technology and Safety(CNTA)—Technology and Knowledge for Food Sector Competitiveness NavarreCrta-Na 134-km 53San Adrian 31570Spain

Dysphagia is commonly associated with malnutrition and an increased choking risk.To overcome these complications,food designed for people with dysphagia should have an appropriate texture and a high nutritional value.In this study,six formulations of a strawberry dessert enriched in protein(calcium caseinate)and fiber(wheat dextrin or inulin)were developed using different hydrocolloids(xanthan gum,carboxymethyl cellulose or modified starch)to provide desirable texture and stability.Nutritional value was calculated and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the samples were analyzed.Back-extrusion test,rheological measurements and sensory analysis were performed in refrigerated and frozen samples to characterize their textural and viscoelastic properties.The high content in protein(14.7 g/100 g)and fiber(7.9-8.7 g/100 g)made possible to use the claims“high protein”and“high fiber”.Phytochemicals supplied by strawberries contributed to the antioxidant properties of the dessert.Loss tangent ranged 0.28-0.35 for all the formulations,indicating a weak gel behavior,which could be considered safe to swallow.The formulations with dextrin in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose or xanthan gum seemed to be less susceptible to structural changes during frozen storage.This work provides insights for the development of a nutrient-dense dessert that meets the requirements of people with dysphagia.

关键词： Malnutrition Texture-modified-food Hydrocolloids Viscoelastic properties Food texture

Anticancer effects of exercise:Insights from single-cell analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 676-678页

作者： Abel Plaza-Florido Alejandro lucia Shlomit radom-Aizik Carmen Fiuza-Luces Pediatric Exercise and Genomics research Center Department of PediatricsSchool of MedicineUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA 92617USA Faculty of Sport Sciences Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28670Spain Physical Activity and Health research Group(“PaHerg”) Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre(“imas12”)Madrid 28041Spain

A recent special topic in the Journal of Sport and Health Science reported the health benefits conferred by traditional and innovative m-health exercise and multimodal programs with respect to several types of cancer.... 详细信息

关键词： protective exercise modal

Small-scale self-driving cars:A systematic literature review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第2期11卷 271-292页

作者： felipe Caleffi Lauren da Silva rodrigues Joice da Silva Stamboroski Brenda Medeiros Pereira Autonomous Vehicles Laboratory Federal University of Santa MariaCachoeira do Sul 96503-205Brazil Mobility and Logistics Laboratory Federal University of Santa MariaCachoeira do Sul 96503-205Brazil

The autonomous vehicle(AV)technology has the potential to significantly improve safety and efficiency of the transportation and logistics industry.Full-scale AV testing is limited by time,space,and cost,while simulation-based testing often lacks the necessary accuracy of AV and environmental modeling.In recent years,several initiatives have emerged to test autonomous software and hardware on scaled vehicles.This systematic literature review provides an overview of the literature surrounding small-scale self-driving cars,summarizing the current autonomous platforms deployed and focusing on the software and hardware developments in this field.The studies published in English-language journals or conference papers that present small-scale testing of self-driving cars were included.Web of Science,Scopus,Springer Link,Wiley,ACM Digital Library,and TrID databases were used for the literature search.The systematic literature search found 38 eligible studies.research gaps in the reviewed papers were identified to provide guidance for future research.Some key takeaway emerging from this manuscript are:(i)there is a need to improve the models and neural network architectures used in autonomous driving systems,as most papers present only preliminary results;(ii)increasing datasets and sharing databases can help in developing more reliable control policies and reducing bias and variance in the training process;(iii)small-scaled vehicles to ensure safety is a major benefit,and incorporating data about unsafe driving behaviors and infrastructure problems can improve the accuracy of predictive models.

关键词： Self-driving car Autonomous vehicle Small-scale vehicle Systematic literature review

Omics-based biomarkers as useful tools in metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease clinical practice:How far are we?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第14期30卷 1982-1989页

作者： Julieta Trinks maría F Mascardi Adrián Gadano Sebastián marciano Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano-Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1199ACLArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Liver Unit Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1199DFArgentina Department of research Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1199DFArgentina

Unmet needs exist in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)risk stratification.Our ability to identify patients with MASLD with advanced fibrosis and at higher risk for adverse outcomes is still limited.Incorporating novel biomarkers could represent a meaningful improvement to current risk predictors.With this aim,omics technologies have revolutionized the process of MASLD biomarker discovery over the past decades.While the research in this field is thriving,much of the publication has been haphazard,often using single-omics data and specimen sets of convenience,with many identified candidate biomarkers but lacking clinical validation and utility.If we incorporate these biomarkers to direct patients’management,it should be considered that the roadmap for translating a newly discovered omics-based signature to an actual,analytically valid test useful in MASLD clinical practice is rigorous and,therefore,not easily accomplished.This article presents an overview of this area’s current state,the conceivable opportunities and challenges of omics-based laboratory diagnostics,and a roadmap for improving MASLD biomarker research.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Biomarker risk stratification Omics