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Phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity in tropical tree assemblages along regionalscale environmental gradients in northwest South America

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第2期7卷 145-153页

作者： Sebastián González-Caro maría natalia umaña Esteban Álvarez Pablo R.Stevenson Nathan G.Swenson Ecosystem Services&Climate Change Lab Botanical Garden of MedellínMedellínAntioquia 050001Colombia Department of Plant Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Ecology Universidad de AlcaláAlcaláMadrid 28801Spain Department of Biological Sciences Universidad de Los AndesBogotá7495Colombia

Aims Environmental gradients are drivers of species diversity;however,we know relatively little about the evolutionary processes underlying these relationships.A potentially powerful approach to studying diversity gradients is to quantify the phylogenetic structure within and between assemblages arrayed along broad spatial and environmental ***,we evaluate the phylogenetic structure of plant assemblages along an environmental gradient with the expectation that the habitat specialization of entire lineages is an important evolutionary pattern influencing the structure of tree communities along environmental *** We evaluated the effect of several environmental variables on the phylogenetic structure of plant assemblages in 145 plots distributed in northwestern South America that cover a broad environmental *** phylogenetic alpha diversity was quantified for each plot and the phylogenetic beta diversity between each pair of plots was also *** the alpha and beta diversity measures were then related to spatial and environmental gradients in the study *** Findings We found that gradients in temperature and potential evapotranspiration have a strong relationship with the phylogenetic alpha diversity in our study system,with phylogenetic overdispersion in low temperatures and phylogenetic clustering at higher ***,the phylogenetic beta diversity between two plots increases with an increasing difference in temperature,whereas annual precipitation was not a significant predictor of community phylogenetic *** also found that the phylogenetic structure of the plots in our study system was related to the degree of seasonal flooding and seasonality in *** particular,more stressful environments such as dry forests and flooded forests showed phylogenetic ***,in contrast with previous studies,we find that phylogenetic beta diversity was not strongly related to the spatial d

关键词： phylogenetic conservatism habitat filtering immigration environmental gradient

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Revisiting non-linear Thomson scattering with metamaterials

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 71-72页

作者： natalia M.Litchinitser Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University

Non-linear optics is a branch of optics that studies the intriguing and sometimes unexpected ways in which light and matter interact at high intensities, when the polarization density does not respond linearly to the electric field of the light. The pursuit of the perfect non-linear optical material has been ongoing ever since the pioneering experiment on second harmonic generation carried out by Franken in 1961 [1]. Indeed,

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From non-scattering to super-scattering with Mie-tronics

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 608-624页

作者： HOOMAN BARATI SEDEH natalia M.LITCHINITSER Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27708USA

Electric anapoles, arising from the destructive interference of primitive and toroidal electric dipole moments, have recently emerged as a fundamental class of non-scattering sources. On the other hand, super-scattering states represent the opposite regime wherein the scattering cross-section of a subwavelength particle exceeds the single-channel limit, leading to a strong scattering behavior. Here, we demonstrate that the interplay between the topology of light and the subwavelength scatterer can lead to these two opposite responses within an isolated alldielectric meta-atom. In particular, we present the emergence of a new non-scattering state, referred to as hybrid anapole, which surpasses conventional electric dipole anapoles by achieving a remarkable 23-fold enhancement in the suppression of far-field radiation and almost threefold enhancement in the confinement of electromagnetic energy inside the meta-atom. We also explore the role of particle orientation and its inversion symmetry in the scattering response and predict the possibility of switching between non-scattering and super-scattering states within the same platform. The presented study elucidates the role of light and matter topologies in the scattering response of subwavelength meta-atoms, uncovering two opposite regimes of light-matter interaction and opening new avenues in applications such as nonlinear optics and spectroscopy.

关键词： spectroscopy opposite dipole

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Double-check in Lizard Age Estimation:Use of Phalanx Bone and Keratin Claw Sheath Lamellas

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第1期15卷 59-61页

作者： Eduard GALOYAN natalia SOPILKO Anna KOVALYEVA Anna CHAMKINA A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Moscow 119071Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gori 1Moscow 119991Russia

Dear Editor,The problem of age estimation in amphibians and reptiles with annual fluctuations of growth pattern has been considered to be mostly solved since the skeletochronological method was introduced(Kleinenberg and Smirina,1969).This method is based on counting the number of lines of arrested growth(LAGs)—cyclical growth marks that are usually formed annually and characterized by different optical aspects within the tubular bones.

关键词： estimation method usual

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Numerical Analysis of Permeability of Functionally Graded Scaffolds

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第7期20卷 1463-1479页

作者： Dmitry Bratsun natalia Elenskaya Ramil Siraev Mikhail Tashkinov Laboratory of Mechanics of Biocompatible Materials and Devices Perm National Research Polytechnic UniversityPerm614990Russia

In this work,we numerically study the hydrodynamic permeability of new-generation artificial porous materials used as scaffolds for cell growth in a perfusion *** consider two popular solid matrix designs based on triply periodic minimal surfaces,the Schwarz P(primitive)and D(diamond)surfaces,which enable the creation of materials with controlled porosity *** latter property is crucial for regulating the shear stress field in the pores of the scaffold,which makes it possible to control the intensity of cell *** permeability of functionally graded materials is studied within the framework of both a microscopic approach based on the Navier-Stokes equation and an averaged description of the liquid filtration through a porous medium based on the equations of the Darcy or Forchheimer *** calculate the permeability coefficients for both types of solid matrices formed by Schwarz surfaces,study their properties concerning forward and reverse fluid flows,and determine the ranges of Reynolds number for which the description within the Darcy or Forchheimer model is ***,we obtain a shear stress field that varies along the sample,demonstrating the ability to tune spatially the rate of tissue growth.

关键词： Porous media ﬁltration models scaffolds functionally graded materials

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On the two-layer high-level Green-Naghdi model in a general form

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 78-86页

作者： Bin-bin Zhao Tian-yu Zhang Zhan Wang Wen-yang Duan Alexander Chesnokov natalia Shmakova College of Shipbuilding Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University Qingdao266000China Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics NovosibirskRussia

The traditional high-level Green-Naghdi(HLGN)model,which uses the polynomial as the shape function to approximate the variation of the horizontal-and vertical-velocity components along the vertical direction for each-fluid layer,can accurately describe the large-amplitude internal waves in a two-layer system for the shallow configuration(h_(2)/λ■1,h_(1)/λ■1).However,for the cases of the deep configuration(h_(2)/λ■1,h_(1)/λ=O(1)),higher-order polynomial is needed to approximate the variation of the velocity components along the vertical direction for the lower-fluid ***,however,introduces additional unknowns,leading to a significant increase in computational *** paper,for the first time,derives a general form of the HLGN model for a two-layer fluid system,where the general form of the shape function is used during the *** obtaining the general form of the two-layer HLGN equations,corresponding solutions can be obtained by determining the reasonable shape ***-amplitude internal solitary waves in a deep configuration are studied by use of two different HLGN *** of the two HLGN models shows that the polynomial as the shape function for the upper-fluid layer and the production of exponential and polynomial as the shape function for the lower-fluid layer is a good *** comparing with Euler’s solutions and the laboratory measurements,the accuracy of the two-layer HLGN model is verified.

关键词： High-level Green-Naghdi(HLGN)model general form internal waves deep configuration

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Terrorism Attack Classification Using Machine Learning: The Effectiveness of Using Textual Features Extracted from GTD Dataset

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1427-1467页

作者： Mohammed Abdalsalam Chunlin Li Abdelghani Dahou natalia Kryvinska School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China LDDI Laboratory Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Ahmed DRAIAAdrar01000Algeria Information Systems Department Faculty of ManagementComenius UniversityBratislava82005Slovakia

One of the biggest dangers to society today is terrorism, where attacks have become one of the most significantrisks to international peace and national security. Big data, information analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) havebecome the basis for making strategic decisions in many sensitive areas, such as fraud detection, risk management,medical diagnosis, and counter-terrorism. However, there is still a need to assess how terrorist attacks are related,initiated, and detected. For this purpose, we propose a novel framework for classifying and predicting terroristattacks. The proposed framework posits that neglected text attributes included in the Global Terrorism Database(GTD) can influence the accuracy of the model’s classification of terrorist attacks, where each part of the datacan provide vital information to enrich the ability of classifier learning. Each data point in a multiclass taxonomyhas one or more tags attached to it, referred as “related tags.” We applied machine learning classifiers to classifyterrorist attack incidents obtained from the GTD. A transformer-based technique called DistilBERT extracts andlearns contextual features from text attributes to acquiremore information from text data. The extracted contextualfeatures are combined with the “key features” of the dataset and used to perform the final classification. Thestudy explored different experimental setups with various classifiers to evaluate the model’s performance. Theexperimental results show that the proposed framework outperforms the latest techniques for classifying terroristattacks with an accuracy of 98.7% using a combined feature set and extreme gradient boosting classifier.

关键词： Artificial intelligence machine learning natural language processing data analytic DistilBERT feature extraction terrorism classification GTD dataset

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Origin of iron-rich minerals,ooids and pisoids in the Jurassic ooidal ironstones of the Labino-Malkin region(Caucasus)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 475-494页

作者： natalia A.Kalinina Maxim A.Rudmin Mikhail Sherstyukov Prokopiy Maximov Abdul-Gapur Kerimov Division for Geology School of Earth Sciences&EngineeringTomsk Polytechnic University634050TomskRussia Laboratory of Sedimentology and Paleobiosphere Evolution University of Tyumen625003 TyumenRussia Institute of Earth Science North-Caucasus Federal University355009StavropolRussia

This study investigates the Middle Jurassic rocks of the Labino-Malkin zone(Caucasus),represented by ooidal ironstones,biogenic limestones,and nodular *** rocks contain ooids/*** on the mineral composition,nine types of ooids and three possible scenarios for their formation have been *** mineral composition of ooids indicates the variable conditions of their deposition and repeated changes in physical and chemical conditions of the environment,including fluctuations in theredox *** access of oxygen in the bottom environment as a factor of increasing oxic conditions was associated with the regression of the sea and/or the inflow of meteoric *** main sources of ooids are the drift of material from the continent and convecting metal-bearing meteoric and/or deep solutions.

关键词： Ooidal ironstones Mineral formation Ooids Pisoids Mineral chemistry

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Early Neoproterozoic Granite-Gneisses of the Junggar Alataw(Southeastern Kazakhstan):Age,Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 67-82页

作者： Nadezhda KANYGINA Andrey TRETYAKOV Dmitriy ALEXEIEV Kirill DEGTYAREV Anfisa SKOBLENKO natalia SOLOSHENKO Boris ERMOLAEV Geological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia A.N.Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburg 620016Russia

The combined petrographic,petrological,geochemical and geochronological study of the Neoproterozoic gneisses of the Sarychabyn and Baskan complexes of the Junggar Alataw of South Kazakhstan elucidate the Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Aktau–Yili *** is one of the largest Precambrian crustal blocks in the western Central Asian orogenic *** U-Pb single-grain zircon ages indicate that granite-gneisses formed from the same source and crystallised in the early Neoproterozoic ca.930–920 *** chemical composition of gneisses corresponds to A2-type *** whole-rock Nd isotopic characteristics(εNd(t)=−4.9 to−1.0 and TNd(DM-2st)=1.9 to 1.7 Ga)indicate the involvement of Paleoproterozoic crustal rocks in magma *** Neoproterozoic ca.930–920 Ma A-type granitoids in the Aktau–Yili terrane of South and Central Kazakhstan might reflect within-plate magmatism adjacent to the collisional belt or a local extension setting in back-arc areas of the continental arc.

关键词： granitoid magmatism geochemistry geochronology Sm-Nd isotope systematics Neoproterozoic Junggar Alataw Kazakhstan Central Asian orogenic belt

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Polyelectrolyte Complexes between Hyperbranched and Linear Polysaccharides: Fucoidan/Chitosan

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 468-479页

作者： Ekaterina R.Gasilova Daria N.Poshina Aleksandra O.Sitnikova natalia N.Saprykina Yury A.Skorik Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Bolshoi VO 31St.Petersburg199004Russian Federation

Polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs)of hyperbranched(HB)and linear polysaccharides are promising as more effective encapsulation agents compared to PECs formed by linear *** investigated the PECs between the HB anionic polysaccharide fucoidan(FUC)and the cationic linear polysaccharide chitosan(CS).The FUC had a molecular weight(MW)of 30×*** PECs were prepared in three solvents(water,0.01 and 0.1 mol/L acetic acid)with CS of MW of 15,110 and 170 kDa,and deacetylation degrees(DDA)of 70%and 97%.The structures of the PECs and the initial FUC were investigated by multi-angle static and dynamic light *** the FUC contained 18 wt%of—OSO3 groups and 5 wt%of uronic acid units,it was a“strong-weak”copolyanion,so the HB macromolecules of the FUC formed nanogel particles in 0.1 mol/L AcOH and open branched structures in water,as confirmed by the Kratky *** mixing the solutions of original components,the PEC structures underwent an equilibration period,the duration of which increased with the MW of *** the charge stoichiometry was approached,the PECs shrank;the fractal dimension approached unity,indicating the side-by-side packing of adjacent FUC branches with the help of *** aggregation in the vicinity of the charge compensation was hardly observed,as it occurred in a very narrow *** PEC content at theζ-potential inversion depended on solvents’pH and the DDA of *** the extreme case of core-shell PECs in 0.1 mol/L AcOH,obtained by mixing FUC nanogels with the solutions of high MW CS of 97%DDA,the protruding tails of CS formed a positively charged shell in the whole range of FUC content(10 wt%

关键词： Polyelectrolyte complexes Chitosan Hyperbranched fucoidan Light scattering

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