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From Network Functions to NetApps: The 5GASP Methodology

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 4115-4134页

作者： Jorge gallego-Madrid Ramon Sanchez-Iborra Antonio Skarmeta University of Murcia Murcia30100Spain University Center of Defense General Air Force AcademySan Javier30720Spain

As the 5G ecosystem continues its consolidation,the testing and validation of the innovations achieved by integrators and verticals service providers is of preponderant *** this line,5GASP is a European H2020-funded project that aims at easing the idea-to-market process through the creation of an European testbed that is fully automated and self-service,in order to foster rapid development and testing of new and innovative 5G Network Applications(NetApps).The main objective of this paper is to present the 5GASP’s unified methodology to design,develop and onboard NetApps within the scope of different vertical services,letting them use specific 5G ***,we examine the whole 5GASP process in a tutorial fashion by adopting a specific use case focusing on the integration of a virtual On-Board Unit(vOBU)service that permits offloading processing from the attached vehicle and serving data-access *** demonstrated,the presented workflow permits the agile,rigorous,and safe development,testing and certification of NetApps,which will enable valuable in-network services for 5G and beyond infrastructures.

关键词： 5G NetApp 5GASP vOBU

Climate-driven synchrony in seed production of masting deciduous and conifer tree species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 180-188页

作者： Juan gallego Zamorano Tatu Hokkanen Aleksi lehikoinen The Helsinki lab of Ornithology Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryHelsinki UniversityPO Box 1700014 HelsinkiFinland Natural Resources Institute Finland PO Box 1801301 VantaaFinland

Aims Understanding fluctuations in plant reproductive investment can constitute a key challenge in ecology,conservation and *** events of trees(*** intermittent and synchronous production of abundant seeding material)is an extreme example of such *** objective was to establish the degree of spa-tial and temporal synchrony in common four masting tree species in boreal Finland and account for potential causal drivers of these *** We investigated the spatial intraspecific and temporal interspe-cific fluctuations in annual seed production of four tree species in Finland,silver birch Betula pendula Roth,downy birch Betula pubescens Ehrh.,Norway spruce Picea abies(l.)*** row-anberry Sorbus aucuparia *** also tested to see whether varia-tions in seed production were linked to annual weather *** abundance data were derived from tens of stands per spe-cies across large spatial scales within Finland during 1979 to 2014(for rowanberries only 1986 to 2014).Important Findings All species showed spatial synchrony in seed production at scales up to 1000 *** estimates of seed production were strongly correlated between *** and summer temperatures explained most variation in crop sizes of tree species with 0-to 2-year time lags,whereas rainfall had relatively little *** weather during flowering(May temperature)in the flower-ing year(Year t)and 2 years before(t−2)were correlated with seed ***,high May temperatures during the previous year(t−1)adversely affected seed *** tempera-tures in Year t−1 was positively correlated with seed production,likely because this parameter enhances the development of flower primordials,but the effect was negative with a time lag of 2 *** negative feedback in temperature coefficients is also likely due to patterns of resource allocation,as abundant flowering and seed production in these species is thought to reduce the sub

关键词： climate change forest masting spatio-temporal synchrony

ECIEN-2020 study:the effect of COVID-19 on admissions for non-COVID-19 diseases

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第1期17卷 85-91页

作者： Beatriz Ramos-lacuey Mercedes Herranz Aguirre Clara Calderón gallego Andrea Ilundain lópez de Munain Eva Gembero Esarte laura Moreno-Galarraga Department of Pediatrics CHNComplejo Hospitalario de NavarraServicio Navarro de SaludC/Irunlarrea 331080 PamplonaSpain Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department CHNComplejo Hospitalario de NavarraServicio Navarro de SaludPamplonaSpain Pediatric Hospitalization Department of PediatricsCHNComplejo Hospitalario de NavarraServicio Navarro de SaludPamplonaSpain IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health School of MedicineUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain Pediatric Pulmonology Department of PediatricsCHNComplejo Hospitalario de NavarraServicio Navarro de SaludPamplonaSpain

Background The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has had great effects on health systems worldwide,not only in relation to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases but also affecting patients with other *** ECIEN-2020 is an observational study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Navarra,*** describes the effects of COVID-19 pandemic and the preventive measures adopted,in pediatric admissions for non-COVID-19 *** during march-June 2020(first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain)are described and compared with the same quarter in 2019.A sub-analysis was performed delving into *** characteristics(age,sex,past medical history),disease characteristics(symptoms,duration of symptoms,previous consultation in Primary Care Health Center),and admission characteristics(place and average stay)were *** A 33% reduction in the number of pediatric hospital admissions was observed,decreasing from 529 hospitaliza-tions in 2019 to 353 in 2020(Plights a 48% reduction in patients admitted for pulmonary *** were no significant changes in average hospital-stay,percentage of intensive care unit admissions,or in admissions for other *** of patients admitted among those seen in the emergency department rose from 5.1%in 2019 to 10.9% in 2020,whereas the total number of consultations in the emergency department decreased by 68%.Conclusion The pandemic and the measures adopted due to SARS-CoV-2 have significantly decreased pediatric admissions for non-COVID-19 diseases,especially due to a reduction in the hospitalization for respiratory diseases.

关键词： Admission COVID-19 Hospitalization SARS-CoV-2

Machine learning-based zero-touch network and service management:a survey

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第2期8卷 105-123页

作者： Jorge gallego-Madrid Ramon Sanchez-Iborra Pedro M.Ruiz Antonio F.Skarmeta Department of Information and Communication Engineering University of Murcia30100MurciaSpain Department of Engineering and Applied Techniques University Center of Defense30729San Javier Air Force BaseSpain

The exponential growth of mobile applications and services during the last years has challenged the existing network ***,the arrival of multiple management solutions to cope with this explosion along the end-to-end network chain has increased the complexity in the coordinated orchestration of different segments composing the whole *** Zero-touch Network and Service Management(ZSM)concept has recently emerged to automatically orchestrate and manage network resources while assuring the Quality of Experience(QoE)demanded by *** learning(Ml)is one of the key enabling technologies that many ZSM frameworks are adopting to bring intelligent decision making to the network management *** paper presents a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art application of Ml-based techniques to improve ZSM *** this end,the main related standardization activities and the aligned international projects and research efforts are deeply *** this dissection,the skyrocketing growth of the ZSM paradigm can be ***,different standardization bodies have already designed reference architectures to set the foundations of novel automatic network management functions and resource *** with these advances,diverse Ml techniques are being currently exploited to build further ZSM developments in different aspects,including multi-tenancy management,traffic monitoring,and architecture coordination,among ***,different challenges,such as the complexity,scalability,and security of Ml mechanisms,are also identified,and future research guidelines are provided to accomplish a firm development of the ZSM ecosystem.

关键词： Zero-touch network and service management(ZSM) Next generation networks(NGN) Artificial intelligence(AI) Machine learning(Ml)

The Study of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 Deficiency Sheds light on the Mechanism for Switching On/Off the Urea Cycle

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第5期42卷 249-260页

作者： Carmen Díez-Fernández José gallego Johannes H?berle Javier Cervera Vicente Rubio Institute for Biomedicine of Valencia of the Spanish Research Council Medical School of the Catholic University of Valencia University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Center Centre for Biomedical Networking Research on Rare Diseases of the Carlos Ⅲ Health Institute

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase i （CPS1） deficiency （CPS1D） is an inborn error of the urea cycle having autosomal （2q34） recessive inheritance that can cause hyperammonemia and neonatal death or mental retardation. We analyzed the effects on CPS1 activity, kinetic parameters and enzyme stability of missense mutations reported in patients with CPS1 deficiency that map in the 20-kDa C-terminal domain of the enzyme. This domain turns on or off the enzyme depending on whether the essential allosteric activator of CPS 1, N-acetyl- l-glutamate （NAG）, is bound or is not bound to it. To carry out the present studies, we exploited a novel system that allows the expression in vitro and the purification of human CPS1, thus permitting site-directed mutagenesis. These studies have clarified disease causation by individual mutations, identifying functionally important residues, and revealing that a number of mutations decrease the affinity of the enzyme for NAG. Patients with NAG affinity-decreasing mutations might benefit from NAG site saturation therapy with N-carbamyl-l- glutamate （a registered drug, the analog of NAG）. Our results, together with additional present and prior site-directed mutagenesis data for other residues mapping in this domain, suggest an NAG-triggered conformational change in the 134-~4 loop of the C-terminal domain of this enzyme. This change might be an early event in the NAG activation process. Molecular dynamics simulations that were restrained according to the observed effects of the mutations are consistent with this hypothesis, providing further backing for this structurally plausible signaling mechanism by which NAG could trigger urea cycle activation via CPS1.

关键词： Urea cycle diseases Inborn errors Hyperammonemia Site-directed mutagenesis Restrained molecular dynamics Allosteric regulation Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 Enzyme

Advancing 5G Network Applications lifecycle Security:An Ml-Driven Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第11期141卷 1447-1471页

作者： Ana Hermosilla Jorge gallego-Madrid Pedro martinez-Julia Jordi Ortiz Ved P.Kafle Antonio Skarmeta Information and Communications Engineering Department University of MurciaMurcia30100Spain Research&Development Department Odin Solutions S.L.Murcia30007Spain Network Architecture laboratory Network Research InstituteNational Institute of Information and CommunicationsTokyo184-8795Japan Engineering and Applied Techniques Department University Center of Defense at the Spanish Air Force AcademyMurcia30729Spain

As 5th Generation(5G)and Beyond 5G(B5G)networks become increasingly prevalent,ensuring not only networksecurity but also the security and reliability of the applications,the so-called network applications,becomesof paramount *** paper introduces a novel integrated model architecture,combining a networkapplication validation framework with an AI-driven reactive system to enhance security in *** proposedmodel leverages machine learning(Ml)and artificial intelligence(AI)to dynamically monitor and respond tosecurity threats,effectively mitigating potential risks before they impact the network *** dualapproach not only validates the functionality and performance of network applications before their real deploymentbut also enhances the network’s ability to adapt and respond to threats as they *** implementation ofthis model,in the shape of an architecture deployed in two distinct sites,demonstrates its practical viability *** application validation with proactive threat detection and response,the proposed modeladdresses critical security challenges unique to 5G *** paper details the model,architecture’sdesign,implementation,and evaluation of this solution,illustrating its potential to improve network securitymanagement in 5G environments *** findings highlight the architecture’s capability to ensure boththe operational integrity of network applications and the security of the underlying infrastructure,presenting asignificant advancement in network security.

关键词： Network application network function virtualization machine learning security 5G

Values for particle-scale properties of biomass briquettes made from agroforestry residues

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Particuology 2014年第1期12卷 100-106页

作者： á.Ramírez-Gómez E.gallego J.M.Fuentes C.González-Montellano F.Ayuga BIPREE Research Group Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria28040 Madrid Spain WESTEEl EMEA S.l.Avenida de Europa 34 D 2° A28023 MadridAravaca Spain

The production of biomass pellets and briquettes from agroforestry residues has increased rapidly in recent years. The design of machines, equipment and the infrastructure necessary for the handling, trans port and storage of these products has been an engineering challenge since, when moving, biomass does not usually flow as easily as other granular materials. The discrete element method （DEM） provides a means of studying the handling and silo discharge behaviour of granular solids as well as the distribution of the pressures exerted by such materials in silos. However, the development of such models requires certain properties of the particles in question to be known. The present work experimentally determines the true density, Young＇s modulus of elasticity （axial and radial）, the particleparticle restitution coeffi cient and the particlewall friction coefficientall variables that must be known in the construction of DEM modelsfor briquettes made from maize stalk, maize stalk plus pine wood chips, rice husk, vine shoots, raoe straw, cereal straw and sawdust olus cereal straw.

关键词： BiomassBriquettesMechanical propertiesDiscrete element method

Uptake and Intracellular Fate of Fluorophore labeled Metal−Organic-Framework(MOF)Nanoparticles

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Environment & Health 2023年第4期1卷 270-277页

作者： Ziyao liu Andreas Zimpel Ulrich lächelt maria Pozzi marta gallego Gonzalez Indranath Chakraborty Stefan Wuttke Neus Feliu Wolfgang J.Parak Center for Hybrid Nanostructures Universität Hamburg22761 HamburgGermany Key laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience(CeNS) LMU Munich81377 MunichGermany Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience(CeNS) LMU Munich81377 MunichGermany Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Vienna1090 ViennaAustria Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials(CIC BiomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)20014 Donostia-San SebastiánSpain School of Nano Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302India BCMaterials Basque Center for MaterialsApplications and Nanostructures48950 LeioaSpain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science48009 BilbaoSpain

The uptake and the fate of Zr-based metal−organic-framework nanoparticles labeled with organic fluorophores in Hela cells has been monitored with fluorescence detection and elemental *** nanoparticles have been selected as a model system of carrier nanoparticles(here Zr-based metal−organic-framework nanoparticles)with integrated cargo molecules(here organic fluorophores),with aze that does not allow for efficient exocytosis,a material which only partly degrades under acidic conditions as present in endosomes/lysosomes,and with limited colloidal *** show that,for Zr-based metal−organic-framework nanoparticles of 40 nm size as investigated here,the number of nanoparticles per cells decreases faster due to particle redistribution upon proliferation than due to nanoparticle exocytosis and that,thus,also for this system,exocytosis is not an efficient pathway for clearance of the nanoparticles from the cells.

关键词： nanoparticle endocytosis exocytosis proliferation fate of nanoparticles intracellular degradation metal organic framework nanoparticles

Endoscopic response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors predicts long term benefits in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第14期25卷 1764-1774页

作者： Ignacio Alfaro maria Carme Masamunt Nuria Planell Alicia lópez-García Jesús Castro marta gallego Rebeca Barastegui Angel Giner Alejandro Vara Azucena Salas Elena Ricart Julián Panés Ingrid Ordás Gastroenterology Department Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona

BACKGROUND Identifying predictors of therapeutic response is the cornerstone of personalized *** To identify predictors of long-term mucosal healing(MH) in patients with Crohn's disease(CD) treated with tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) *** Prospective single center study. Consecutive patients with clinically active CD requiring treatment with a TNF-α inhibitor were included. A baseline segmental CD Endoscopic Index of Severity(CDEIS) ≥ 10 in at least one segment or the presence of ulcerations were required for inclusion. Clinical, biological and endoscopic data were obtained at baseline, weeks 14 and 46. Endoscopic response(ER) was defined as a decrease ≥ 50% from baseline CDEIS and MH as partial CDEIS ≤ 5 in all *** Of 62 patients were included. At baseline, median CD Activity Index and CDEIS were 201 and 6.7, respectively with a significant reduction after one year of treatment(53 and 3.0 respectively, P line disease characteristics or biomarkers did not predict MH. A decrease from baseline CDEIS at week 14 of at least 80% was the best predictor of MH at week 46(59% sensitivity and 91% specificity; area under the curve =0.778).CONClUSION Clinical and biomarker data are not useful predictors of response to TNF-αinhibitors in CD, whereas ER to induction therapy, defined as 80% reduction in global CDEIS, is a robust predictor of long-term MH. Achievement of this endoscopic endpoint may be considered as a therapeutic target for anti-TNF-αtherapy.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Endoscopy Mucosal healing Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity Tumor necrosis factor