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Overall Life Cycle Comprehensive Assessment of Pneumatic and Electric Actuator

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第3期27卷 584-594页

作者： ZHANG Yeming cai maolin School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Henan Polytechnic University School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering BeihangUniversity

Pneumatic actuators and electric actuators have almost been applied to all manufacturing industries. The two kinds of actuators can replace each other in most fields, such as the point to point transmission occasion and some rotating occasions. However, there are very few research results about the advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of actuators under the same working conditions so far. In this paper, a novel comprehensive assessment method, named as overall life cycle comprehensive assessment （OLCCA）, is proposed for comparison and assessment of pneumatic and electric actuators. OLCCA contains mechanical properties evaluation （MPE）, life cycle cost analysis based on users （LCCABOU） and life cycle environmental impact analysis （LCEIA） algorithm in order to solve three difficult problems： mechanical properties assessment, cost analysis and environmental impact assessment about actuators. The mechanical properties evaluation of actuators is a multi-objective optimization problem. The fuzzy data quantification and information entropy methods are combined to establish MPE algorithm of actuators. Two kinds of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators with similar bearing capacity and similar work stroke were taken for example to verify the correctness of MPE algorithm. The case study of MPE algorithm for actuators verified its correctness. LCCABOU for actuators is also set up. Considering cost complex structure of pneumatic actuators, public device cost even method （PDCEM） is firstly presented to solve cost division of public devices such as compressors, aftercooler, receivers, etc. LCCABOU method is also effective and verified by the three groups of pneumatic actuators and electric actuators. Finally, LCEIA model of actuators is established for the environmental impact assessment of actuators. LCEIA data collection method and model establishment procedure for actuators are also put forward. With Simapro 7, LCEIA comparison results of six actuators can be obtaine

关键词： actuator mechanical properties evaluation life cycle cost public device cost even method life cycle assessment

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Self-sustained Oscillation Pulsed Air Blowing System for Energy Saving

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2010年第3期23卷 317-326页

作者： cai maolin XU Weiqing School of Automatic Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

Currently, many studies have been made for years on dimensions of pneumatic nozzle, which influence the flow characteristic of blowing system. For the purpose of outputting the same blowing force, the supply pressure could be reduced by decreasing the ratio of length to diameter of nozzle. The friction between high speed air and pipe wall would be reduced if the nozzle is designed to be converging shape comparing with straight shape. But the volume flow and pressure, discussed in these studies, do not describe energy loss of the blowing system directly. Pneumatic power is an innovative principle to estimate pneumatic system’s energy consumption directly. Based on the above principle, a pulse blowing method is put forward for saving energy. A flow experiment is carried out, in which the high speed air flows from the pulse blowing system and continuous blowing system respectively to a plate with grease on top. Supply pressure and the volume of air used for removing the grease are measured to calculate energy consumption. From the experiment result, the pulse blowing system performs to conserve energy comparing with the continuous blowing system. The frequency and duty ratio of pulse flow influence the blowing characteristic. The pulse blowing system performs to be the most efficient at the specified frequency and duty ratio. Then a pneumatic self-oscillated method based on air operated valve is put forward to generate pulse flow. A simulation is made about dynamic modeling the air operated valve and calculating the motion of the valve core and output pressure. The simulation result verifies the system to be able to generate pulse flow, and predicts the key parameters of the frequency and duty ratio measured by experiment well. Finally, on the basis of simplifying and solution of the pulse blowing system’s mathematic model, the relationship between system’s frequency duty ratio and the dimensions of components is simply described with four algebraic equations. The syst

关键词： energy saving pulse blowing self-sustained oscillation pneumatic power

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Analytical and Experimental Study on Complex Compressed Air Pipe Network

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第5期28卷 1023-1029页

作者： GAI Yushou cai maolin SHI Yan School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University

To analyze the working characteristics of complex compressed air networks, numerical methods are widely used which are based on finite element technology or intelligent algorithms. However, the effectiveness of the numerical methods is limited. In this paper, to provide a new method to optimize the design and the air supply strategy of the complex compressed air pipe network, firstly, a novel method to analyze the topology structure of the compressed air flow in the pipe network is initially proposed. A matrix is used to describe the topology structure of the compressed air flow. Moreover, based on the analysis of the pressure loss of the pipe network, the relationship between the pressure and the flow of the compressed air is derived, and a prediction method of pressure fluctuation and air flow in a segment in a complex pipe network is proposed. Finally, to inspect the effectiveness of the method, an experiment with a complex network is designed. The pressure and the flow of airflow in the network are measured and studied. The results of the study show that, the predicted results with the proposed method have a good consistency with the experimental results, and that verifies the air flow prediction method of the complex pipe network. This research proposes a new method to analyze the compressed air network and a prediction method of pressure fluctuation and air flow in a segment, which can predicate the fluctuation of the pressure according to the flow of compressed air, and predicate the fluctuation of the flow according to the pressure in a segment of a complex pipe network.

关键词： compressed air pipeline network topology structure flow prediction topology

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Analysis of Power Matching on Energy Savings of a Pneumatic Rotary Actuator Servo-Control System

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2020年第2期33卷 87-99页

作者： Yeming Zhang Hongwei Yue Ke Li maolin cai School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

When saving energy in a pneumatic system,the problem of energy losses is usually solved by reducing the air supply *** power-matching method is applied to optimize the air-supply pressure of the pneumatic system,and the energy-saving effect is verified by ***,the experimental platform of a pneumatic rotary actuator servo-control system is built,and the mechanism of the valve-controlled cylinder system is ***,the output power characteristics and load characteristics of the system are derived,and their characteristic curves are *** employed air compressor is considered as a constant-pressure source of a quantitative pump,and the power characteristic of the system is *** power source characteristic curve should envelope the output characteristic curve and load characteristic *** minimum gas supply pressure obtained by power matching represents the optimal gas supply *** comparative experiments under two different gas supply pressure conditions show that the system under the optimal gas supply pressure can greatly reduce energy losses.

关键词： Pneumatic rotary actuator Energy savings Gas supply pressure Characteristic curve Power matching

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Optimization Study on a Single-cylinder Compressed Air Engine

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第6期28卷 1285-1292页

作者： YU Qihui cai maolin SHI Yan XU Qiyue School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University

The current research of compressed air engine（CAE） mainly focused on simulations and system integrations. However, energy efficiency and output torque of the CAE is limited, which restricts its application and popularization. In this paper, the working principles of CAE are briefly introduced. To set a foundation for the study on the optimization of the CAE, the basic mathematical model of working processes is set up. A pressure-compensated valve which can reduce the inertia force of the valve is proposed. To verify the mathematical model, the prototype with the newly designed pressure-compensated intake valve is built and the experiment is carried out, simulation and experimental results of the CAE are conducted, and pressures inside the cylinder and output torque of the CAE are obtained. Orthogonal design and grey relation analysis are utilized to optimize structural parameters. The experimental and optimized results show that, first of all, pressure inside the cylinder has the same changing tendency in both simulation curve and experimental curve. Secondly, the highest average output torque is obtained at the highest intake pressure and the lowest rotate speed. Thirdly, the optimization of the single-cylinder CAE can improve the working efficiency from an original 21.95% to 50.1%, an overall increase of 28.15%, and the average output torque increases also increases from 22.047 5 N · m to 22.439 N · m. This research designs a single-cylinder CAE with pressure-compensated intake valve, and proposes a structural parameters design method which improves the single-cylinder CAE performance.

关键词： single-cylinder compressed air engine experimental study mathematical model orthogonal design grey relation analysis

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Energy conversion characteristics of reciprocating piston quasi- isothermal compression systems using water sprays

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第2期61卷 285-298页

作者： jia guanwei cai maolin xu weiqing shi yan school of automation science and electrical engineering beihang universityBeijing 100191China pneumatic and thermodynamic energy storage and supply beijing key laboratory beihang universityBeijing 100191China

Air compressors are vital and have numerous industrial applications. Approximately 8% of the annual operating electricity consumption in industrial countries is constituted by due to the use of air compressors. Because the poor heat transfer to the environment in the rapid compression process, the compression is non-isothermal, the efficiency of compressors is restricted. To improve their efficiency and achieve isothermal compression, this study proposes energy conversion reciprocating piston quasiisothermal compression using a water spray. First, a mathematical model of a reciprocating piston compressor with water sprays was established. Through experimental investigation and simulations, the mathematical model was validated. The energy conversion characteristics of the reciprocating piston compressor were then studied. To reduce compression power and enhance compression efficiency, it was first discovered that the critical parameters were the input pressure of the driving chamber, water spray mass, and compression volume ratio, which were then evaluated thoroughly. The higher the inlet pressure of the driving chamber, the faster the air compression velocity. Additionally, the compression efficiency was elevated as the water spray mass was gradually increased for a given compression volume ratio. When the compression volume ratio was increased from 2 to 3,the compression power increased from 172.7 J/stroke to 294.2 J/stroke and the compression efficiency was enhanced from 37.3%(adiabatic) to 80.6%. This research and its performance analysis can be referred to during the parameter design optimisation of reciprocating piston quasi-isothermal compression systems using water sprays.

关键词： water spray cooling quasi-isothermal compression compression power compression efficiency

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Flow Characteristics of Expansion Energy Used Pneumatic Booster

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2012年第5期25卷 889-896页

作者： SHI Yan cai maolin XU Weiqing LU Jie School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China National Quality Supervision andInspection Center of Pneumatic Products Fenghua 315500 China

The most common booster is called input pressure reduced （IPR） booster. However, this type of booster has its own shortages, such as its small output flow, when the boosting ratio is higher, the shortage becomes more distinct. Recent research on pneumatic boosters mainly focused on the factors that influence the characteristics of the boosters, some new kinds of pneumatic booster structures were designed, but the efficiency and output flow of these boosters are still not improved sufficiently. In order to improve the output flow of the pneumatic booster, a new kind of booster, expansion energy used （EEU） booster, is proposed. Non-linear differential equations of the pneumatic booster are set up. By using the software MATLAB/Simulink for simulation, the motion characteristics of the pistons, the characteristics of the output flow of the boosters are obtained for analysis of a principle. The principle, which is used to elevate the output flow of the two kinds of boosters, is that the average pressure of the air in the driving chambers of the EEU booster is higher than that of the IPR booster. The simulation and experimental research of the output flow characteristics are done. The simulation and experimental results are in a good accordance. And the simulation and experimental results show that when the air source pressure and the output pressure are set at 0.6 MPa and 0.8 MPa, respectively, with the increase of the terminal pressure of the air in the driving chamber, the output flow of the IPR booster ascends stably. As the terminal pressure of the air in the driving chamber goes up, the output flow of the EEU booster rises, and later it almost remains constant. In addition, with the same terminal pressure, the output flow of the EEU booster is greater than that of the IPR booster, and the difference decreases when the terminal pressure grows. At last, the output pressure is set at 0.8 MPa, under the optimum work state of the EEU booster, the output flow of the two k

关键词： pneumatic system booster modeling simulation experimental study

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Methods to Evaluate and Measure Power of Pneumatic System and Their Applications

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2019年第3期32卷 98-108页

作者： Yan Shi maolin cai Weiqing Xu Yixuan Wang School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Pneumatic system has been widely used throughout industry, and it consumes more than billions kW h of electricity one year all over the world. So as to improve the efficiency of pneumatic system, its power evaluation as well as measurement methods should be proposed, and their applicability should be validated. In this paper, firstly, power evaluation and measurement methods of pneumatic system were introduced for the first time. Secondly, based on the proposed methods, power distributions in pneumatic system was analyzed. Thirdly, through the analysis on pneumatic efficiencies of typical compressors and pneumatic components, the applicability of the proposed methods were validated. It can be concluded that, first of all, the proposed methods to evaluation and measurement the power of pneumatic system were efficient. Furthermore, the pneumatic power efficiencies of pneumatic system in the air production and cleaning procedure are respectively about 35%–75% and 85%–90%. Moreover, the pneumatic power efficiencies of pneumatic system in the transmission and consumption procedures are about 70%–85% and 10%–35%. And the total pneumatic power efficiency of pneumatic system is about 2%–20%, which varies largely with the system configuration. This paper provides a method to analyze and measure the power of pneumatic system, lay a foundation for the optimization and energy-saving design of pneumatic system.

关键词： Pneumatic system Compressed air Energy assessment Measurement Power evaluation

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An aviation oxygen supply system based on a mechanical ventilation model

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2018年第1期31卷 197-204页

作者： Yan SHI Yixuan WANG maolin cai Bolun ZHANG Jian ZHU School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Beijing Chao Yang Hospital Beijing 100043 China

At high altitudes, an Aviation Oxygen Supply System （AOSS） protects pilots from low pressure and hypoxia by continuously providing oxygen corresponding to the pilots＇ dynamic respiratory properties. An AOSS mainly consists of oxygen supercharging machines which are used in a high-altitude flight cabin to supply pressurized oxygen to pilots. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the airflow dynamic characteristics of an AOSS for safe, continuous, and efficient oxygen supply. In this paper, an AOSS is firstly simplified and considered as a mechanical ventilation system. Then, its corresponding mathematical model is constructed. Next, to verify the mathematical model, a prototype AOSS with a lung simulator is proposed for an experimental study. Afterwards, to build a foundation for the optimization of the AOSS, the airflow dynamic characteristics of an aircraft are analyzed, and the effects of key parameters on the respiration system are researched. Through experimental and simulation studies, it can be concluded that the mathematical model is effective. Subsequently, for stability during the respiration process, we consider setting the equivalent throttling areas of the inspiration and expiration pipelines smaller within certain limits; additionally, an excessively high oxygen supply pressure will disturb smooth airflow, and in a low-pressure environment, the pressure can be 84 cmH20 lower than the standard atmospheric pressure. This research can be referred to in the design of an oxygen supply system and the study on optimization of airflow dynamic characteristics.

关键词： Aviation Dynamic characteristics Mathematical modeling Mechanical ventilation Oxygen supply system

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Review of fluid and control technology of hydraulic wind turbines

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第3期12卷 312-320页

作者： maolin cai Yixuan WANG Zongxia JIAO Yan SHI School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering BeihangUniversity Beijing 100191 China

This study examines the development of the fluid and control technology of hydraulic wind turbines. The current state of hydraulic wind turbines as a new technology is described, and its basic fluid model and typical control method are expounded by comparing various study results. Finally, the advantages of hydraulic wind turbines are enumerated. Hydraulic wind turbines are expected to become the main development direction of wind turbines.

关键词： wind turbine hydraulic system fluid model,control technology

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