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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu Xiao Wei Xiao Di hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Activation energy

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A Novel Model for Describing Rail Weld Irregularities and Predicting Wheel-Rail Forces Using a Machine Learning Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 555-577页

作者： Linlin Sun Zihui Wang Shukun Cui Ziquan Yan Weiping hu Qingchun Meng State Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Track System China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation LimitedBeijing100081China Railway Engineering Research Institute China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation LimitedBeijing100081China School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

Rail weld irregularities are one of the primary excitation sources for vehicle-track interaction dynamics in modern high-speed *** can cause significant wheel-rail dynamic interactions,leading to wheel-rail noise,component damage,and *** researchers have employed the vehicle-track interaction dynamic model to study the dynamic interactions between wheel and rail induced by rail weld geometry ***,the cosine wave model used to simulate rail weld irregularities mainly focuses on the maximum value and neglects the geometric *** this study,novel theoretical models were developed for three categories of rail weld irregularities,based on measurements of the high-speed railway from Beijing to *** vertical dynamic forces in the time and frequency domains were compared under different running *** forces generated by the rail weld irregularities that were measured and modeled,respectively,were compared to validate the accuracy of the proposed ***,based on the numerical study,the impact force due to rail weld irrregularity is modeled using an Artificial Neural Network(ANN),and the optimum combination of parameters for this model is *** results showed that the proposed model provided a more accurate wheel/rail dynamic evaluation caused by rail weld irregularities than that established in the *** ANN model used in this paper can effectively predict the impact force due to rail weld irrregularity while reducing the computation time.

关键词： Rail weld irregularity high-speed railway vehicle-track coupled dynamics wheel/rail dynamic vertical force artificial neural networks

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Paleoclimate data assimilation: Principles and prospects

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年

作者： Haoxun ZHANG Mingsong LI Yongyun hu Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking University Institute of Ocean Research Peking University

Reconstructing climate states during geological periods is a key focus in studying Earth system evolution. Substantial progress has been achieved in reconstructing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment using both Earth system models and paleoclimate proxies. However, current paleoclimate reconstructions face several challenges:the accuracy of Earth system model simulations relies on model parameter settings. Paleoclimate proxy data exhibit significant variability across different periods and regions, and proxy data are often sparse, hindering the accuracy and global relevance of proxy-based *** the pros and cons of these methods, paleoclimate data assimilation can effectively integrate Earth system models and paleoclimate proxy data, enhancing the precision and global relevance of reconstructions. Using approaches such as the ensemble Kalman filter as an example, this paper introduces the principles of paleoclimate data assimilation and reviews recent advancements in reconstructing paleoclimate states using these techniques. Paleoclimate data assimilation offers new insights and advanced techniques for paleoclimate reconstruction, with potential applications extending to the entire Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and even Paleozoic eras. These applications could deepen our understanding of the past climatic backgrounds of extreme climate events such as glacial-interglacial cycles, hyperthermals, and oceanic anoxic events, providing a reference for predicting future climate change.

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程序性死亡受体-1与淋巴细胞活化基因-3在滤泡性淋巴瘤中的表达及临床意义

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中国当代医药 2024年第18期31卷 14-20页

作者：倪金菊王馨辰胡茂贵张瑰红丁凯阳安徽医科大学附属省立医院血液科安徽合肥230001 中国科学技术大学附属第一医院血液科安徽合肥230031 安徽医科大学第一附属医院病理教研室安徽合肥230032

目的探讨程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)、淋巴细胞活化基因-3(LAG-3)在滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)肿瘤微环境中的表达情况及临床意义。方法选取2017—2022年中国科学技术大学附属第一医院22例病理明确诊断为FL的患者,采用免疫组化方法检测FL患者标本中P... 详细信息

目的探讨程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)、淋巴细胞活化基因-3(LAG-3)在滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)肿瘤微环境中的表达情况及临床意义。方法选取2017—2022年中国科学技术大学附属第一医院22例病理明确诊断为FL的患者,采用免疫组化方法检测FL患者标本中PD-1、LAG-3、细胞程序性死亡-配体1(PD-L1)、细胞表面趋化因子受体4(CCR4)、细胞表面趋化因子受体3B(CXCR3B)、叉头蛋白P3抗体(FOXP3)因子的表达水平,分析PD-1、LAG-3与FL患者临床病理特征及预后的关系,并分析各因子间的相关性。结果PD-1高表达组和LAG-3高表达组β2微球蛋白(β_(2)-MG)水平高于低表达组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PD-1高表达组、LAG-3高表达组和PD-1/LAG-3共同高表达组CD8^(+)T细胞计数少于对应低表达组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),进一步相关性分析结果显示PD-1表达、LAG-3表达以及PD-1/LAG-3共同表达与CD8^(+)T细胞计数呈负相关(r=-0.631、-0.425、-0.552,P<0.05)。生存分析结果显示LDH低表达组的无进展生存期(PFS)和总体生存期(OS)优于高表达组;PD-1低表达组、LAG-3低表达组和PD-1/LAG-3双低表达组的PFS和OS优于高表达组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PD-1、LAG-3高表达与FL患者较高的临床检验指标水平及较差的生存预后相关;PD-1、LAG-3等免疫检查点在肿瘤微环境中共同表达,影响T细胞计数。

关键词：程序性死亡受体-1 淋巴细胞活化基因-3 肿瘤微环境滤泡性淋巴瘤

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利妥昔单抗联合CHOP方案治疗在初治弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者中的疗效和安全性

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实用医学杂志 2023年第8期39卷 1022-1028页

作者：范丹丹胡茂贵丁凯阳曹琳琳封媛媛王翠翠明静宋浩王馨辰安徽医科大学附属省立医院合肥230001

目的比较利妥昔单抗原研药(美罗华■)及国产生物类似药(汉利康■),联合CHOP方案初治弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的疗效和安全性。方法将R-CHOP治疗的初治DLBCL分为R组(美罗华?治疗组)(40例)、H组(汉利康■治疗组)(34例)、R/H组(美罗华■... 详细信息

目的比较利妥昔单抗原研药(美罗华■)及国产生物类似药(汉利康■),联合CHOP方案初治弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的疗效和安全性。方法将R-CHOP治疗的初治DLBCL分为R组(美罗华?治疗组)(40例)、H组(汉利康■治疗组)(34例)、R/H组(美罗华■/汉利康■转换治疗组)(27例)。收集第4个疗程(C4)及化疗结束完全缓解率(CRR)、部分缓解率(PRR)、总体缓解率(ORR)、治疗结束后2年无进展生存(PFS)及总生存(OS),不良事件。结果患者均接受随访。3组治疗中、末期CR、PR、ORR、2年PFS、OS、不良事件差异无统计意义(P> 0.05)。结论原研药利妥昔单抗(美罗华■)及国产生物类似药(汉利康■)均可用于联合CHOP方案治疗初治DLBCL患者,两者的疗效和安全性相当。

关键词：利妥昔单抗生物类似药 CHOP 弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤

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Multicomponent polymerization of elemental sulfur,difluoromethylene phosphobetaine and aryl silyl ethers toward aromatic poly(O,O′-monothiocarbonate)s

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Yongjiang Yu Rongrong hu Ben Zhong Tang State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong AIE Institute

Polythiocarbonates with similar structures to polycarbonates, have emerged as a group of promising sulfur-containing polymers with a range of practical applications, taking advantages of their excellent optical properties, good thermal stability and filmforming ability, and so on. However, the synthesis of polythiocarbonates generally suffered from mixed isomeric structures of repeating units, and hazardous sulfur-containing reagents. In this work, an efficient multicomponent reaction of elemental sulfur,difluoromethylene phosphobetaine（PDFA）, and aryl silyl ethers was designed with the assistance of organic base 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene（MTBD） to produce 12 kinds of O,O′-monothiocarbonate compounds in up to 93% yields,taking advantages of the unique chemical property of difluorocarbene, and the deprotection of silyl group by F-generated from PDFA. Most importantly, the MTBD-assisted multicomponent polymerization of bis（aryl silyl ether）s, elemental sulfur, and PDFA was developed, affording 12 kinds of poly（O,O′-monothiocarbonate）s with well-defined structures, high Mws of up to16900 g/mol and high yields（up to 99%）. These poly（O,O′-monothiocarbonate）s possessed good film-forming properties and thermal stability, high light refractive indices and transmittance. The facile synthesis of these polymonothiocarbonates might pave the way for the development of promising sulfur-containing polymer materials.

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Transforming waste particles into valuable adsorbents via amyloid-mediated molecular engineering

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 317-328页

作者： Qingmin Yang Jian Zhao Yujia Zhang Xingyu Zhou Hao Ren Bowen hu Zhongli Lei Lixin Chen Peng Yang School of Material and Chemical Engineering Bengbu University Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Silicon-Based Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal University

The high-value utilization of industrial solid waste using a facile and eco-friendly process is of great interest and significance in reducing environmental pollution and developing a green circular economy. Herein, we propose an amyloid-mediated molecular engineering strategy to transform particulate waste into valuable adsorbents for metal ions. Our method has the advantage of aqueous solution fabrication under mild conditions without the use of high-temperature hydrothermal methods and toxic chemical reagents. Amyloid-mediated molecular engineering manipulates the phase transition of bovine serum albumin(BSA)on particulate waste surfaces, resulting in a remarkable ～3.1 times improvement in the adsorption capacity of fly ash, a typical industrial solid waste for gold ions after modification with the phase-transitioned BSA(PTB). The resultant adsorption ability was 69–1,980 times higher than those of conventional and emerging adsorbent materials such as ion exchange resins, activated carbon(AC), covalent organic frameworks(COFs), and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs). We further demonstrated the application of our PTB-modified materials in the recovery of precious metals from low-grade gold ore and electronic waste leachates. Consequently, this strategy could increase the value of waste materials nearly 27 times. In addition, this method is generally extendable to other conventional industrial adsorbents such as resin, clay, and Al2O3, and enhances their adsorption capabilities at least twofold. Overall, this work provides a simple and green approach for improving the adsorption performance of solid particles, and is expected to develop into a universal strategy for transforming waste particles into high-value-added products.

关键词： amyloid-like protein aggregates surface engineering fly ash solid waste adsorption

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CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to concentrated formate in a CEM-based electrolyzer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 605-611页

作者： Haocheng Xiong Donghuan Wu Haonan Li Andrew Li Qikun hu Siyao Song Bingjun Xu Qi Lu State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Ordos Laboratory

Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO2emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO2using alkaline solutions with reactive *** this work,we present a CO2-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm2electrode *** electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended *** techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Techno-economic assessments Electrochemistry Flow electrolyzer

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SensFL:Privacy-Preserving Vertical Federated Learning with Sensitive Regularization

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 385-404页

作者： Chongzhen Zhang Zhichen Liu Xiangrui Xu Fuqiang hu Jiao Dai Baigen Cai Wei Wang School of Automation and Intelligence Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China Shuohuang Railway Development Co. Ltd.National Energy GroupCangzhou062350China Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation School of Computer Science and TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing100044China

In the realm of Intelligent Railway Transportation Systems,effective multi-party collaboration is crucial due to concerns over privacy and data *** Federated Learning(VFL)has emerged as a promising approach to facilitate such collaboration,allowing diverse entities to collectively enhance machine learning models without the need to share sensitive training ***,existing works have highlighted VFL’s susceptibility to privacy inference attacks,where an honest but curious server could potentially reconstruct a client’s raw data from embeddings uploaded by the *** vulnerability poses a significant threat to VFL-based intelligent railway transportation *** this paper,we introduce SensFL,a novel privacy-enhancing method to against privacy inference attacks in ***,SensFL integrates regularization of the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data into the model training process,effectively limiting the information contained in shared *** reducing the sensitivity of embeddings to the original data,SensFL can effectively resist reverse privacy attacks and prevent the reconstruction of the original data from the *** experiments were conducted on four distinct datasets and three different models to demonstrate the efficacy of *** results show that SensFL can effectively mitigate privacy inference attacks while maintaining the accuracy of the primary learning *** results underscore SensFL’s potential to advance privacy protection technologies within VFL-based intelligent railway systems,addressing critical security concerns in collaborative learning environments.

关键词： Vertical federated learning privacy defenses

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Separation of the ionospheric and thermospheric contributions in the data from the Triple Ionosophere Photo Meter onboard the Feng-Yun 3E satellite

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 172-184页

作者： Fang JIANG Tian MAO Jin-Song WANG Xiu-Qing hu Xiao-Xin ZHANG Liping FU Nan JIA Tianfang WANG National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration Key Laboratory of Environmental Space Situation Awareness Technology National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration

The Triple Ionosphere Photo Meter （TRIPM） is a far ultraviolet nadir-view photometer that is onboard the secondgeneration,polar-orbiting Chinese meteorological satellite Feng-Yun 3E （FY-3E）,which was launched on July 5,*** has three channels,and each is used to measure different types of emissions:（1） 135.6 nm airglow produced by the recombination of the O+ions and electrons in the absence of sunlight （nighttime channel）;（2） 135.6 nm airglow from the OI when sunlight is present （daytime/dusk-dawn 135.6 nm channel）;and （3） Airglow in the N2LBH of the TRIPM （daytime/dusk-dawn N2LBH channel）.FY-3E is a satellite operating in the early morning ***,the data are mostly distributed on the dawndusk side or at times when the solar zenith angle is relatively *** this study,combined with simulation calculations,the data are *** further explore the application value of the data products,a model is used to separate the ionospheric radiative recombination contribution from the thermosphere photoelectron impact excitation contribution in the data from the daytime/dusk-dawn 135.6 nm *** approach not only improves the accuracy of O/N2derived from the 135.6 nm channel and N2LBH channel but also provides the ionospheric 135.6 nm radiance at the same time as the *** results show that the 135.6 nm radiance originating from the combination of O+and electrons extracted from the measurement data exhibits similar equatorial anomaly peak structure characteristics and seasonal variations as the corresponding GPS total electron content （TEC） *** the other hand,the separated 135.6 nm radiance generated from the thermosphere photoelectron collision excitation does not contain radiative recombination contributions;thus,the ionosphere influence is greatly avoided when the O/N2is obtained.

关键词： Far ultraviolet 135.6 nm emission intensity Photoelectron impact excitation Radiative recombination excitation

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