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Phosphorylation of PB2 at serine 181 restricts viral replication and virulence of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 97-112页

作者： Jiao Hu Zixiong Zeng Xia Chen manyu zhang Zenglei Hu Min Gu Xiaoquan Wang Ruyi Gao Shunlin Hu Yu Chen Xiaowen Liu Daxin Peng Xiufan Liu Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory School of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou University225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors(Animal Origin)for Agri-food Safety and Quality Ministry of Agriculture of China(26116120)Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China

Influenza A virus(IAV)continues to pose a pandemic threat to public health,resulting a high mortality rate annually and during pandemic years.Posttranslational modification of viral protein plays a substantial role in regulating IAV infection.Here,based on immunoprecipitation(IP)-based mass spectrometry(MS)and purified virus-coupled MS,a total of 89 phosphorylation sites distributed among 10 encoded viral proteins of IAV were identified,including 60 novel phosphorylation sites.Additionally,for the first time,we provide evidence that PB2 can also be acetylated at site K187.Notably,the PB2 S181 phosphorylation site was consistently identified in both IP-based MS and purified virus-based MS.Both S181 and K187 are exposed on the surface of the PB2 protein and are highly conserved in various IAV strains,suggesting their fundamental importance in the IAV life cycle.Bioinformatic analysis results demonstrated that S181E/A and K187Q/R mimic mutations do not significantly alter the PB2 protein structure.While continuous phosphorylation mimicked by the PB2 S181E mutation substantially decreases viral fitness in mice,PB2 K187Q mimetic acetylation slightly enhances viral virulence in mice.Mechanistically,PB2 S181E substantially impairs viral polymerase activity and viral replication,remarkably dampens protein stability and nuclear accumulation of PB2,and significantly weakens IAV-induced inflammatory responses.Therefore,our study further enriches the database of phosphorylation and acetylation sites of influenza viral proteins,laying a foundation for subsequent mechanistic studies.Meanwhile,the unraveled antiviral effect of PB2 S181E mimetic phosphorylation may provide a new target for the subsequent study of antiviral drugs.

关键词： H5N1 influenza virus PB2 Phosphorylation Acetylation Viral fitness Mice

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Song variation of a native songbird in a modified habitat by invasive plant

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 93-104页

作者： Pan CHEN Taiyu CHEN Bin LIU manyu zhang Changhu LU College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina School of Ecology and Environment Anhui Normal UniversityChina

Habitat structure has been considered as an important factor affecting the acoustic evolution of birds,and bird songs are increasingly affected by artificial environmental variation.Invasive plants sometimes can dramatically alter native habitats,but the song variation of native songbirds migrating into invaded habitats has received little attention.The invasion of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora in the coastal wetlands of eastern China has drastically altered the vegetation structure and some small passerines have begun to use invaded habitats to breed.In this study,we compared the song type prevalence and the song characteristics of male plain prinia Prinia inornata to identify differences in vocal behavior between native and invaded habitats.We also tested for differences in vocal behavior in relation to singing perch and wind speed variation between different habitats.The results indicated that males of plain prinia in invaded habitats sang shorter songs than those in native habitats and had a lower song diversity.The homogeneous vegetation structure and higher wind speed in invaded habitats likely leads to males changing the traditional perched singing style.The song variation may be related to the founder effect,the alteration of vegetation structure and microclimate in invaded habitats.This finding highlights the need for better understanding the behavioral evolution of native species in the process of adapting to the invaded habitat.In the future,experimental manipulation is needed to ascertain how the invasive plant drove these vocal behavior changes of native songbirds.

关键词： behavioral evolution biological invasion plain prinia smooth cordgrass song diversity

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 73-82页

作者： Qian Lu Sisi Huang Tianjiao zhang Jie Song manyu Dong Yilun Qian Jing Teng Tong Wang Chuan He Ying Shen Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhouChina Rehabilitation Medicine Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina

Background The neurophysiological differences in cortical plasticity and cholinergic system function due to ageing and their correlation with cognitive function remain poorly understood.Aims To reveal the differences in long-term potentiation(LTP)-like plasticity and short-latency afferent inhibition(SAl)between older and younger individuals,alongside their correlation with cognitive function using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).Methods The cross-sectional study involved 31 younger adults aged 18-30 and 46 older adults aged 60-80.All participants underwent comprehensive cognitive assessments and a neurophysiological evaluation based on TMS.Cognitive function assessments included evaluations of global cognitive function,language,memory and executive function.The neurophysiological assessment included LTP-like plasticity and SAl.Results The findings of this study revealed a decline in LTP among the older adults compared with the younger adults(wald χ^(2)=3.98,p=0.046).Subgroup analysis further demonstrated a significant reduction in SAl level among individuals aged 70-80 years in comparison to both the younger adults(SAI(N20)):(t=-3.37,p=0.018);SAl(N20+4):(t=-3.13,p=0.038)and those aged 60-70(SAl(N20)):(t=3.26,p=0.025);SAl(N20+4):(t=-3.69,p=0.006).Conversely,there was no notable difference in SAl level between those aged 60-70 years and the younger group.Furthermore,after employing the Bonferroni correction,the correlation analysis revealed that only the positive correlation between LTP-like plasticity and language function(r=0.61,p<0.001)in the younger group remained statistically significant.Conclusions During the normal ageing process,a decline in synaptic plasticity may precede cholinergic system dysfunction.In individuals over 60 years of age,there is a reduction in LTP-like plasticity,while a decline in cholinergic system function is observed in those over 70.Thus,the cholinergic system may play a vital role in preventing cognitive decline during normal ageing.In younger individuals,LTP-like plasticit

关键词： function younger plasticity

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Vinous-throated parrotbills breed in invasive smooth cordgrass habitat:Can native birds avoid the potential ecological trap?

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 369-376页

作者： Pan Chen Yanhong Chen Huimin Chen Taiyu Chen Bin Liu manyu zhang Silu Wang Changhu Lu Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu241000China College of Biology and Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China

Native animals are facing long-term coexistence with invasive plants worldwide,the impacts of which on animal behavior remain poorly known.Potential ecological traps could threaten native birds breeding in invasive plant habitats,but behavioral strategies for birds to avoid such risks are few concerned.The invasion of Smooth Cordgrass(Spartina alterniflra) has seriously varied the vegetation landscape in the coastal wetlands of eastern China,and affected the habitat selection of native birds.Here,we investigated the nesting and breeding characteristics of a common native passerine,the Vinous-throated Parrotbill(Sinosuthora webbiana),in habitats dominated by native Common Reed(Phragmites australis) and exotic cordgrass.We found that parrotbills could complete their breeding cycle in cordgrass habitat.Most nest failure was attributed to predation in native habitat but tide inundation in cordgrass habitat.However,the nest success rate and daily survival rate(DSR) in cordgrass habitat were higher.Moreover,nest height was markedly higher in cordgrass habitat and was the most important influencing variable(positively correlated with the DSR).These results suggest that cordgrass habitat is a potential ecological trap due to the tide inundation,but some parrotbills seem to effectively avoid this risk by increasing nest height.Our study reveals that a native passerine changes its nesting behavior to accommodate invasive plant habitat and highlights that habitat changes caused by invasive plants may drive the adaptive evolution of native animal behavior.The limitation of these results must be acknowledged for the small sample size,and there is a need for a larger sample and long-term data for further verification.

关键词： Adaptive evolution Behavioral plasticity Nesting behavior Sinosuthora webbiana Spartina alterniflora

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Road map for, and technical challenges of, carbon-nanotube integrated circuit technology

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 14-16页

作者： Jia Si Panpan zhang Zhiyong zhang Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics School of Electronics Peking University State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of research on carbon-nanotube(CNT) electronics due to their outstanding properties, including an ultrathin body, a high carrier mobility and a high saturation velocity.

关键词： TRANSISTORS

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New structure transistors for advanced technology node CMOS ICs

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 24-41页

作者： Qingzhu zhang Yongkui zhang Yanna Luo Huaxiang Yin Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMECAS) State key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over recent decades, advancements in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuits(ICs)have mainly relied on structural innovations in transistors. From planar transistors to the fin field-effect transistor(FinFET) and gate-all-around FET(GAAFET), more gate electrodes have been added to three-dimensional(3D) channels with enhanced control and carrier conductance to provide higher electrostatic integrity and higher operating currents within the same device footprint. Beyond the 1-nm node, Moore's law scaling is no longer expected to be applicable to geometrical shrinkage. Vertical transistor stacking, e.g. in complementary FETs(CFET), 3D stack(3DS) FETs and vertical-channel transistors(VFET), for enhanced density and variable circuit or system design represents a revolutionary scaling approach for sustained IC development. Herein, innovative works on specific structures, key process breakthroughs, shrinking cell sizes and design methodologies for transistor structure research and development are reviewed. Perspectives on future innovations in advanced transistors with new channel materials and operating theories are also discussed.

关键词： transistor CMOS GAAFET CFET 3DS FET

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Behaviors of Leucine and Isoleucine in Ion Mobility- Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2015年第12期33卷 1359-1364页

作者： Su Guo Fang zhang Haoyang Wang manyu zhang Zhixu zhang Xiang zhang Yinlong Guo National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China Agilent Technologies (China) CO. Ltd. 1350 North Sichuan Road Shanghai 200080 China Department of Chemistry Fudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018 China

In this study, ion mobility separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry （IM-tandem MS） was utilized to investigate the ionization behaviors of two amino acids including leucine and isoleucine. Under the electrospray ionization （ESI） mode, two protonation sites in each molecular sturcture caused two forms of protomer. One arose from the amino being protonated （amino-protomer） and the other from the carboxyl being protonated （car- boxyl-protomer）. In the two-dimensional （drift time, m/z） spectrum, the protomers had the same mass, but the dis- tinguishable drift times and fragmentation patterns. For the characterization purpose, the theoretical collision cross section （CCS） values of the protomers were calculated and proven to be consistent with the experimental. Moreover, the quantified relationship between the amino acids and their protomers was evaluated. It showed that the abun- dance of the carboxyl-protomer was proportional to the concentration of the amino acid, whereas that of the amino- protomer did not have the same trend. Under the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization （APCI） mode, only the carboxyl-protomer was observed. In addition, the amino-protomer and the cluster ions observed under ESI were absent completely. The results demonstrate that the ionization mode impacts heavily on the ionization behaviors of leucine and isoleucine not only on the form of therir protomers but also On the quantified relationship.

关键词： leucine isoleucine IM-tandem MS ESI APCI

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Advances in methane emissions from agricultural sources:Part I.Accounting and mitigation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 279-291页

作者： Xiaokun Wu Ying zhang Yinghui Han Yagang zhang Yuhang zhang Xiaodan Cheng Pei Zhong Xue Yuan Yuanxun zhang Zhengqiang Li State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Interdisciplinary Mathematics Institute University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208United States Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China

Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases(GHGs)and agriculture is recognized as its primary emitter.Methane accounting is a prerequisite for developing effective agriculture mitigation strategies.In this review,methane accounting methods and research status for various agricultural emission source including rice fields,animal enteric fermentation and livestock and poultry manure management were overview,and the influencing factors of each emission source were analyzed and discussed.At the same time,it analyzes the different research efforts involving agricultural methane accounting and makes recommendations based on the actual situation.Finally,mitigation strategies based on accounting results and actual situation are proposed.This review aims to provide basic data and reference for agriculture-oriented countries and regions to actively participate in climate action and carry out effective methane emission mitigation.

关键词： Methane emission Agricultural sources Accounting methodology Mitigation Emission influencing factors

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Interface Engineering of Titanium Nitride Nanotube Composites for Excellent Microwave Absorption at Elevated Temperature

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 147-160页

作者： Cuiping Li Dan Li Shuai zhang Long Ma Lei zhang* Jingwei zhang Chunhong Gong College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004People’s Republic of China National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004People’s Republic of China

Currently,the microwave absorbers usually suffer dreadful electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)performance damping at elevated temperature due to impedance mismatching induced by increased conduction loss.Consequently,the development of high-performance EMWA materials with good impedance matching and strong loss ability in wide temperature spectrum has emerged as a top priority.Herein,due to the high melting point,good electrical conductivity,excellent environmental stability,EM coupling effect,and abundant interfaces of titanium nitride(TiN)nanotubes,they were designed based on the controlling kinetic diffusion procedure and Ostwald ripening process.Benefiting from boosted heterogeneous interfaces between TiN nanotubes and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),enhanced polarization loss relaxations were created,which could not only improve the depletion efficiency of EMWA,but also contribute to the optimized impedance matching at elevated temperature.Therefore,the TiN nanotubes/PDMS composite showed excellent EMWA performances at varied temperature(298-573 K),while achieved an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)value of 3.23 GHz and a minimum reflection loss(RLmin)value of−44.15 dB at 423 K.This study not only clarifies the relationship between dielectric loss capacity(conduction loss and polarization loss)and temperature,but also breaks new ground for EM absorbers in wide temperature spectrum based on interface engineering.

关键词： TiN nanotubes Interface engineering Polarization loss Impedance matching Electromagnetic wave absorption performance

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Environmental arsenic(As)and its potential relationship with endemic disease in southwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 46-59页

作者： Donglin Li Hucai zhang Fengqin Chang Lizeng Duan Yang zhang Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Southwest United Graduate School Kunming 650500China

Many cases of an unknown disease exhibiting the clinical features of limb gangrene,blisters,ulceration,and exfoliation have been reported in Daping village(DV)in southwestern China.However,the pathogenesis is unknown and has puzzled doctors for many years.A preliminary study on heavy metals and symptoms indicated that arsenic might pose the greatest threat to the health of local residents.Here,to explore the sources of and factors influencing arsenic enrichment in DV,whose residents exhibit signs of arsenic poisoning,the As contents in soil,water,and plants were systematically measured.The results indicated high As contents in plant and soil samples obtained from the area,and the source of As may be linked to the weathering of black shale rock.Ingestion of soil and consumption of plants were the two main As exposure pathways among children and adults,respectively,and children exhibited a higher health risk than adults.We presume and emphasize that when extreme drought events occur,humans might face unusual risks resulting from exposure to toxic elements and the direct consumption of highly polluted water.Our study provides a new perspective and sheds light on the environmental geochemistry and health links of this disease.

关键词： Endemic disease Arsenic(As) Risk assessment Black shale Climate change

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