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Why is early detection of colon cancer still not possible in 2023?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 211-224页

作者： Valeria Tonini manuel.Zanni Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of BolognaBologna 40138Italy

Colorectal cancer(CRC)screening is a fundamental tool in the prevention and early detection of one of the most prevalent and lethal *** the years,screening,particularly in those settings where it is well organized,has succeeded in reducing the incidence of colon and rectal cancer and improving the prognosis related to *** considerable advancements in screening technologies and strategies,the effectiveness of CRC screening programs remains less than *** paper examined the multifaceted reasons behind the persistent lack of effect-iveness in CRC screening *** a critical analysis of current methodologies,technological limitations,patient-related factors,and systemic challenges,we elucidated the complex interplay that hampers the successful reduction of CRC morbidity and mortality *** acknowledging the ad-vancements that have improved aspects of screening,we emphasized the necessity of addressing the identified barriers *** study aimed to raise awareness of how important CRC screening is in reducing costs for this *** and early diagnosis are not only important in improving the prognosis of patients with CRC but can lead to an important reduction in the cost of treating a disease that is often diagnosed at an advanced *** more sooner can mean saving money later.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer screening Colorectal screening test Colon and rectal cancer

Does the provision of live black soldier fly and yellow mealworm larvae improve Muscovy duck welfare?

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 442-455页

作者： Marta Gariglio Sihem Dabbou manuel. renna Ilaria Biasato Sara Bellezza Oddon Marco Meneguz Raul Daniel Miazzo Stefania Bergagna Elena Colombino Elisabetta Macchi Achille Schiavone Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 2GrugliascoTorino(TO)10095Italy Center Agriculture Food Environment(C3A) University of TrentoVia Edmund Mach 1San Michele All’AdigeTrento(TN)38098Italy Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 2GrugliascoTorino(TO)10095Italy BEF Biosystems s.r.l Via Tancredi Canonico 18/CTorino(TO)10156Italy Unidad de Investigacion Aviar Produccion AvicolaFac.Agr.y Vet.Universidad Nacional de Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte Liguria and Valle d’AostaVia Bologna 148Torino(TO)10154Italy

Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive *** aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yellow mealworm(YM)live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance,excreta corticosterone metabolites(ECM),behavior,and blood *** A total of 1263-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens(6 replicates/treatment,7 birds/pen)and assigned to 3 experimental treatments:a control group fed commercial feed,and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5%(based on the expected daily feed intake,as fed basis)of BSF and YM live larvae(BSF and YM groups,respectively).A two-phase feeding program was applied:starter(from 3 to 31 days of age)and grower-finisher(from 32 to 55 days of age).The live weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio were *** consumption times were collected,and video recordings were performed during 3 periods(P)each day:the hour before(P1),during(P2),and after(P3)the larva *** were evaluated at 3,31,and ***,the total red and white blood cell counts,serum proteins,lipids,and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/*** The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds(P>0.05).Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species,except at 14–18 days of age,were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae(PP3;P<0.05).Finally,the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio(P<0.05).Conclusions Live BSF and YM larva supplementatio

关键词： Behavior Cairina moschata Environmental enrichment Hermetia illucens Poultry Tenebrio molitor Welfare

Reproductive Biology of a Blue-tail Skinks(Plestiodon)Population from a Temperate Forest,East-central Puebla,México

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第3期15卷 183-193页

作者： manuel.FERIA-ORTIZ Isaías hazarmabeth SALGADO-UGARTE Museo de Zoología Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoIztapalapaMéxico Laboratorio de Biometría y Biología Pesquera Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoIztapalapaMéxico

We studied the cycles of reproduction and fat bodies of a blue-tailed skink population of an undescribed species of the Plestiodon brevirostris *** maturity is attained by females and males as they both reach about 59 mm of *** started in June-July,with ovulation occurring during late-October to mid-November,and parturition in *** size varied from two to six,with a mean of 3.86±0.15 embryos in uterus,and showed a positive correlation with female body mass and *** gestation,a significant increase in the average wet mass of embryos in uterus was *** comparison,there were no notable changes in the average dry *** growth data suggest that sexual maturity,both males and females,is reached at 16-17 months of *** and epididymides exhibited maximal weight during *** regression occurred in *** apparently takes place from mid-summer to early *** stored in female fat bodies are used for vitellogenesis and for nutrition during the winter *** males,the stored lipids appear to be used in reproductive activities during the mating season.

关键词： growth litter size minimum size at maturity reproduction Scincidae viviparity

Beyond network centrality: individual-level behavioral traits for predicting information superspreaders in social media

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 148-157页

作者： Fang Zhou Linyuan Lü Jianguo Liu manuel.Sebastian Mariani Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Cyber Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Department of Digital Economics Shanghai University of Finance and Economics URPP Social Networks Universit?t Zürich

Understanding the heterogeneous role of individuals in large-scale information spreading is essential to manage online behavior as well as its potential offline consequences. To this end, most existing studies from diverse research domains focus on the disproportionate role played by highly connected ‘hub’ ***, we demonstrate here that information superspreaders in online social media are best understood and predicted by simultaneously considering two individual-level behavioral traits: influence and susceptibility. Specifically, we derive a nonlinear network-based algorithm to quantify individuals' influence and susceptibility from multiple spreading event data. By applying the algorithm to large-scale data from Twitter and Weibo, we demonstrate that individuals' estimated influence and susceptibility scores enable predictions of future superspreaders above and beyond network centrality, and reveal new insights into the network positions of the superspreaders.

关键词： complex networks social networks social media information spreading superspreaders

Tracking the change in Spanish greenhouse gas emissions through an LMDI decomposition model:A global and sectoral approach

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 114-122页

作者： Paula Fernández González María José Presno manuel.Landajo Department of Applied Economics University of OviedoAuda del Cristos/n 33011 OviedoSpain

The reduction of GHG emissions to reverse the greenhouse effect is one of the main challenges in this *** this paper we pursue two ***,we analyze the evolution of GHG emissions in Spain in 2008–2018,at both the global and sectoral levels,with the variation in emissions decomposed into a set of determining ***,we propose several actions specifically oriented to more tightly controlling the level of *** results showed a remarkable reduction(18.44%)in GHG emissions,mainly due to the intensity effect,but also to the production-per-capita *** detected somewhat different patterns among the various sectors *** the intensity effect was the most influential one in the agricultural,transport,and others sectors,the production-per-capita effect was predominant in the case of *** carbonization effect was revealed as crucial in the commerce *** above findings highlight the importance of the energy efficiency measures taken in recent years in the Spanish economy,also pointing to the need to deepen those strategies and to propose new measures that entail greater efficiency in *** efforts in areas like innovation,R&D,diffusion of more eco-friendly technologies,and a greater use of greener energies all prove to be essential reduction actions to fight the greenhouse effect.

关键词： LMDI Decomposition Spain GHG emissions

Scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography analysis of non-stoichiometry long-period-stacking-ordered structures in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 954-965页

作者： Yimeng Chen manuel.Legrée Jean-Louis Bobet Alexander Kvit CAMECA Instruments Inc MadisonWI 53711USA ICMCB Universitéde BordeauxPessacCEDEX 33608France NIAC&Materials Science Department University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53706USA

The long-period-stacking-ordered(LPSO)structure affects the mechanical,corrosion and hydrolysis properties of Mg *** current work employs high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and atom probe tomography(APT)to investigate the structural and local chemical information of LPSO phases formed in Mg-Ni-Y/Sm ternary alloys after extended isothermal *** on the alloying elements and their concentrations,Mg-Ni-Y/Sm develops a two-phase LPSO+α-Mg structure in which the LPSO phase contains defects,hybrid LPSO structure,and Mg ***-STEM and APT indicate non-stoichiometric LPSO with incomplete Ni_(6)(Y/Sm)_(8) *** addition,the APT quantitatively determines the local composition of LPSO and confirms the presence of Ni within the Mg bonding *** results provide insight into a better understanding of the structure and hydrolysis properties of LPSO-Mg alloys.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Long-range ordering Atom probe tomography(APT) STEM HAADF Hydrolysis properties.

Critical evaluation of transit policies in Lima,Peru;resilience of rail rapid transit(Metro)in a developing country

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第5期3卷 23-33页

作者： manuel.Jose Martinez Representante Legal Instituto de Avance del Transporte Peruano EIRLCalle Schrader 179dpto.202Lima 41San BorjaLimaPeru

This paper evaluates rail transit within the context of the transit policies implemented in Lima,*** it reviews the implementation of rapid transit,and bus ***,it evaluates the outcomes of such policies by using Total Factor Productivity for policy effectiveness,Data Envelopment Analysis for rapid transit performance,and Generalized Cost of Travel for *** paper finds that implementation failed in enforcing key requirements for rail transit regarding penetration of CBD and short transfers to bus transit;and that the basic assumptions of bus reform did not hold regarding bus oversupply,bus congestion or bus *** paper also finds that outcomes of policies failed dramatically in achieving the planning goals;however,rail transit(Metro)shows high level of resilience in serving large ridership at high *** the other hand,bus reform was associated with a disproportionate increase of motorization,well over the effect of income growth or car attractiveness,and more related to the excessive reduction of bus transit capacity ill-advised from unproved bus reform *** paper recommends expanding rail rapid transit due to its intensive use of green renewable energy and its potential of demand growth if combined with modern Intelligent Transportation services,but this opportunity can be wasted without the proposed policy constraint to achieve lower Generalized Cost of Travel at any governmental intervention for bus reform,instead of just reducing bus transit capacity as ***,this paper recommends government to government contracts to build rail transit and to enforce proper planning.

关键词： Public transportation Bus rapid transit Rail transportation Bus transit Developing countries Resilient

Improved organs at risk segmentation based on modified U‐Net with self‐attention and consistency regularisation

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第4期9卷 850-865页

作者： Maksym Manko Anton Popov Juan manuel.Gorriz Javier Ramirez Electronic Engineering Department Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic InstituteKyivUkraine Department of Signal Theory Telematics and CommunicationsUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world,with radiotherapy as one of the treatment *** planning starts with delineating the affected area from healthy organs,called organs at risk(OAR).A new approach to automatic OAR seg-mentation in the chest cavity in Computed Tomography(CT)images is *** proposed approach is based on the modified U‐Net architecture with the ResNet‐34 encoder,which is the baseline adopted in this *** new two‐branch CS‐SA U‐Net architecture is proposed,which consists of two parallel U‐Net models in which self‐attention blocks with cosine similarity as query‐key similarity function(CS‐SA)blocks are inserted between the encoder and decoder,which enabled the use of con-sistency *** proposed solution demonstrates state‐of‐the‐art performance for the problem of OAR segmentation in CT images on the publicly available SegTHOR benchmark dataset in terms of a Dice coefficient(oesophagus-0.8714,heart-0.9516,trachea-0.9286,aorta-0.9510)and Hausdorff distance(oesophagus-0.2541,heart-0.1514,trachea-0.1722,aorta-0.1114)and significantly outperforms the *** current approach is demonstrated to be viable for improving the quality of OAR segmentation for radiotherapy planning.

关键词： 3‐D computer vision deep learning deep neural networks image segmentation medical image processing object segmentation

Rehabilitation of Semi-Arid Grasslands through the Perennialization of Lots by Implementing Perennial Forage Exotic Grass

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 2115-2125页

作者： Delfina Arancio Sidoti Juan manuel.Zeberio Guadalupe Peter Universidad Nacional de Río Negro Sede AtlánticaCEANPaViedma8500Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICETCABABuenos Aires1425Argentina Chacra Experimental Patagones Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario de la Provincia de Buenos AiresCarmen de Patagones8504Argentina

Argentina is the country with the highest proportion of arid and semi-arid ecosystems in Latin *** the rangelands of Southwestern Buenos Aires(Patagones Department),there is a clear advancement of the agricultural frontier to the detriment of the native forest in this *** to rainfall variation and seed acquisition,Thinopyrum ponticum is cultivated as a forage perennial crop in this *** objective was to evaluate the performance of *** as a facilitating crop for the medium-term rehabilitation of natural grasslands in semi-arid *** working hypotheses were that:1)native perennial grass cover increases over the years and 2)diversity and specific richness of the vegetation are enhanced by the duration of Tall Wheatgrass *** were collected from commercial plots where *** was shown:recent implantation(5–8 years,RI);medium implantation(13–15 years,MI);and old implantation(20–22 years,OI).Thirty-four species were identified and classified into seven functional groups:Annual grasses,annual herbs,perennial herbs,exotic perennial herbs,perennial forage grasses,exotic perennial forage grasses,perennial forage exotic grasses,and nonforage perennial *** ponticum’s total cover was between RI and *** cover,species richness,and Shannon-Weaver diversity index showed no differences among *** forage grasses exhibited higher cover values in sites with greater implantation age and annual grasses showed the opposite *** results indicated that *** does not invade the sampled plots and enhances the colonization of the planted plots by perennial forage native ***,even though the herbaceous cover had been recovered,the woody layer which could provide environmental services and specific values for conservation was not.

关键词： Wheatgrass clearing vegetation monte Thinopyrum ponticum