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A High-Speed Launching Mechanism Inspired by a Slingshot Spider’s Web

Journal of Bionic Engineering 2022年第2期19卷 440-447页

作者： Tom Bates John Gerig manuel avitia Gunnar Waldvogel Tesfay Legesse Justin Washington Pranav A.Bhounsule Robotics and Motion Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Chicago842 W.Taylor St.ChicagoIL 60607USA

Slingshot spiders use their conical webs to launch themselves at high speeds to catch prey.We built a launching mechanism inspired by the slingshot spider.Our launch mechanisms comprise a steel structure with eye bolts to hold a conical web made from latex rubber tubing.We pull the web by a winch using a lever arm.A quick-release mechanism connects the web to the winch using a tough-grid paracord.When we release the quick-return mechanism,the projectile material consisting of a steel ball achieved an acceleration of 5107 m s^(-2) or 521 times gravity,and a speed of 66.41 m s^(-1).The power per unit mass and energy per unit mass of our prototype was one tenth and one fifth that of the spider’s web respectively.In particular,we found that web structure consisting multiple radial web elements reinforced with circumferential web elements provide enhanced stiffness;as a comparison our web had a stiffness of about eight times that of traditional slingshot with a single radial web element.Our results suggest that adapting designs from nature can lead to potentially superior performance of man-made contraptions.

关键词： Slingshot spider Launching mechanisms Catapult Bioinspiration

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Oxidative stress in brickmakers of Juárez City, Chihuahua, México: Case-control study

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第7期3卷 1051-1059页

作者： Leobardo manuel Gómez-Oliván Alba Yadira Corral-avitia Katya Aimeé Carrasco-Urrutia Navor Armando González-Granados Marcela Galar-Martínez Nadia Neri-Cruz Hariz Islas-Flores Octavio Dublan-García Facultad de Enfermería y Nutriología Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Chihuahua México Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientales Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Juárez México Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática Departamento de Farmacia Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City México Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental Facultad de Química Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca México

A case-control study was conducted in a brickmaker’s community in Juarez City, Chihuahua in Mexico. This population has been chronically exposed to a wide spectrum of potentially health-damaging pollutants that include coarse, fine and ultrafine particles, carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, transitional metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds and bioaerosols. Lipid peroxidation level (LPX) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) help to evaluate oxidized protein content and activity of the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated in blood samples of study participants. The group of occupationally exposed (OE) workers consisted of 30 individuals ranging in age from 25 to 55 years, with a mean of 15 years in a brick production-related job. The control group included 30 volunteers who were neither environmentally nor occupationally exposed to brick production activities and whose sociodemo-graphic characteristics were similar to the OE group. Results indicate that none of workers used any type of protective equipment (respirator or face mask, gloves, coveralls) during brick manufacturing. LPX and PCC significantly increased (p < 0.5) in the OE group compared to the control group. SOD, CAT and GPx activity was significantly increased (p < 0.5) in the OE group compared to the control group. Therefore, evaluation of stress oxidative biomarkers is advisable in order to assay chronic exposure to workers in brick manufacturing.

关键词： Oxidative Stress Brickmakers Chronic Exposure Biomarkers Juárez City

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Ammonium Thiosulfate Ecological Viable Alternative to Replace Sodium Cyanide in Gold and Silver Dissolution Ores

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2016年第5期5卷 223-229页

作者： Maria del Carmen Hernandez Maria del Carmen avitia Heriberto Pena Irma Leticia Gonzalez Nancy Veronica Torres Abdiel Rosaldo Felix[ Luis Miguel Rodriguez Laura Bibiana Hernandez Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Technological Institute of Parral Chihuahua 33850 Mexico Department of Economic Administrative Department Technological Institute of Parral Chihuahua 33850 Mexico Department of Industrial Engineering Technological Institute of Parral Chihuahua 33850 Mexico Engineering and Independent Consultant Palma Triangular 108 San Jose de Pozo Bravo Aguascalientes 20126 Mexico

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Contamination of Water for Domestic Use and Human Consumption by Heavy Metals Derived from Mining Activity in Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第3期1卷 286-294页

作者： Luis Miguel Rodriguez Ever Torres Luis Saenz Maria del Carmen avitia Guillermo Rodriguez Eduardo Herrera Carmen Julia Navarro Guillermo Gonzalez Luis Lozoya Damaris Acosta Technological Institute of Parral Parral Chihuahua 33850 Mexico Research Center for Advanced Materials （CIMA V） Chihuahua 31109 Mexico

Research was done with the objective of evaluating the quality of water supplied to the potable water system in Hidalgo Del Parral, which comes from two main supply sources: wells from "Valle del Verano", which provide water to the east side of the city, and the Water Treatment Plant, which receives water from different mines and supplies the west side of the city. When this plant is overcome on its capacity of treatment, a part of the water from the mines is fed directly to the northwest part of the city. The metals lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As) were analyzed by atomic absorption (AA) technique, based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 7000B (Revision 2, February 2007). The digestion process was done according to the guidelines established in Method NMX-AA-051-SCFI-2001, Analysis of Water-Determination of Metals by Atomic Absorption, developed by the National Standardization Technical Committee for Environmental Protection (Mexico). The samples were collected from the following points: 13 wells and 2 re-pumping stations of "Valle del Verano", the inlet and outlet of the Water Treatment Plant, and domestic faucets. The east side of the city, supplied by the wells of "Valle del Verano", is metal-pollution free. The water that comes from the mines contains high concentrations of As, Zn, Cd and Pb, with levels that can get to 0.12, 32.6, 0.26 and 3.5 mg/L, respectively. This water pollution generated by mining can be concluded from the high levels found in the domestic samples in which, for several points, the concentrations exceed the parameters set by the current guideline. According to the results, it is vital to set a plan of remediation for the water that comes from the mines, because there is a great risk for health in the consumption of this water.

关键词：饮用水系统重金属墨西哥无污染国内采矿活动标准化技术委员会原子吸收光谱法

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