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Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer prevention by dietary phytochemicals:From experimental models to clinical trials

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World Journal of biological Chemistry 2016年第1期7卷 88-99页

作者： Girish b Maru Rasika R Hudlikar Gaurav Kumar Khushboo Gandhi manoj b mahimkar Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC)Tata Memorial Centre (TMC)

Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Amongst environmental chemopreventive compounds, diet/beverage-derived components are under evaluation, because of their long history of exposure to humans, high tolerability, low toxicity, and reported biological activities. This compilation briefly covers and compares the available evidence on chemopreventive efficacy and probable mechanism of chemoprevention by selected dietary phytochemicals(capsaicin, curcumin, diallyl sulphide, genistein, green/black tea polyphenols, indoles, lycopene, phenethyl isocyanate, resveratrol, retinoids and tocopherols) in experimental systems and clinical trials. All the dietary phytochemicals covered in this review have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against spontaneous or carcinogen-induced experimental tumors and/or associated biomarkers and processes in rodents at several organ sites. The observed anti-initiating, anti-promoting and anti-progression activity of dietary phytochemicals in carcinogen-induced experimental models involve phytochemical-mediated redox changes, modulation of enzymes and signaling kinases resulting to effects on multiple genes and cell signaling pathways. Results from clinical trials using these compounds have not shown them to be chemopreventive. This may be due to our:(1) inability to reproduce the exposure conditions, i.e., levels, complexity, other host and lifestyle factors; and(2) lack of understanding about the mechanisms of action and agent-mediated toxicity in several organs and physiological processes in the host. Current research efforts in addressing the issues of exposure conditions, bioavailability, toxicity and the mode of action of dietary phytochemicals may help address the reason for observed mismatch that may ultimately lead

关键词： Cancer prevention Dietary phytochemicals Chemoprevention Experimental efficacy Mechanisms of action Clinical trials bioavailability Toxicity

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Investigation of nanocrystalline structure in selected carbonaceous materials

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第9期21卷 940-946页

作者： manoj b Department of Physics Christ University

The structural parameters of nine Indian coals were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Kaman spectroscopy. The study revealed that the coals contain crystalline carbon of turbostratic structure with amorphous carbon. The stacking height （Lc） and interlayer spacing （rico2） of the crystallite structure of the coals ranged from 1.986 to 2.373 nm and from 0.334 to 0.340 nm, respectively. The degree of graphitization was calculated to range from 42% to 99%, thereby confirming the ordering of the carbon layers with the increase in coal rank. An exponential correlation was observed among the aromaticity （fa）, the lateral size （La）, and the rank （I20/I26）, suggesting that the coal crystallites are nanocrystalline in nature. A very strong correlation was observed between the structural parameters （fa, d002, Lc, the H/C ratio, and I20/I26）, the volatile matter content, and the elemental carbon content, indicating the structures of coals are controlled by the degree of contact metamorphism. The Raman spectra exhibited two prominent bands： the graphitic band （G） and the fn＇st-order characteristic defect band （D）. The deconvolufion resulted in five peaks： G, D1, D2, D3, and D4. The intense D1 band, which appeared at -1350 cm^-1, corresponds to a lattice vibration mode with Alg symmetry. The D2 mode, which appeared at -1610 cm^-1, arises from the structural disorder as a shoulder on the G band.

关键词： nanocrystals graphitization aromaticity carbonaceous materials

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A comprehensive analysis of various structural parameters of Indian coals with the aid of advanced analytical tools

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2016年第2期3卷 123-132页

作者： b. manoj Department of Physics Christ University BangaloreKarnataka 560027 India

An exhaustive structural analysis was carried out on three Indian coals （ranging from sub-bituminous to high volatile bituminous coal） using a range of advanced characterization tools. Detailed investigations were carded out using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The X-ray and Raman peaks were deconvoluted and analyzed in details. Coal crystallites possess turbostratic structure, whose crystallite diameter and height increase with rank. The tJdC ratio plotted against aromaticity exhibited a decreasing trend, confirming the graphitization of coal upon leaching. It is also found that, with the increase of coal rank, the dependency of I20/I26 on La is saturated, due to the increase in average size of sp2 nanoclusters. In Raman spectra, the observed G peak （1585 cm^-1） and the D2 band arises from graphitic lattices. In IR spectrum, two distinct peaks at 2850 and 2920 cm i are attributed to the symmetric and asymmetric -CH2 stretching vibrations. The intense peak at - 1620 cm^-1, is either attributed to the aromatic ring stretching of C=C nucleus.

关键词： Coal structure Spectroscopic tools X-ray diffraction Graphene layers

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Electrochemical efficacies of coal derived nanocarbons

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第4期8卷 459-472页

作者： Riya Thomas b.manoj Department of Physics&Electronics CHRISTBangaloreIndia

Carbon based nanomaterials are acknowledged for their admirable optical,electrical,mechanical characteristics and broad class of *** of precursor and simple synthesis techniques have decisive roles in viable production and commercialization of carbon *** intense demand to develop high purity carbon nanomaterials through inexpensive techniques has promoted usage of fossil derivatives as feasible source of *** serves as a naturally available,abundant and cheap feedstock for carbon *** the crystalline clusters of aromatic hydrocarbons in a cross-linked network,carbon nanostructures can easily be extracted through green synthesis *** promotes a potent alternative for the cost effective and scaled up production of *** well-developed pores distribution,presence of numerous active sites and appropriate migration channels for ions enhance the electrochemical parameters necessary for the fabrication of supercapacitors,batteries and electrochemical *** metallic impurities contained in coal contribute towards faradic redox reactions required for an efficient electrode *** this review,the potential uses of coal based carbon nanomaterials in energy storage and environmental sectors are discussed in detail.

关键词： Nano carbon Coal Supercapacitors Energy storage

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Phosphorene: Current status, challenges and opportunities

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第2期13卷 296-309页

作者： Anandarup Goswami manoj b.Gawande Division of Chemistry Department of Sciences and HumanitiesVignan's Foundation for ScienceTechnology and Research (VFSTR)VadlamudiGuntur-522213Andhra PradeshIndia Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical ChemistryFaculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucSlechtitelu 27783 71 OlomoucCzech Republic

The field of 2-dimensional (2D) materials has witnessed a sharp growth since its inception and can majorly be attributed to the substantial technical and scientific developments, leading to significant improvements in their syntheses, characterization and applications. In the list of 2D materials, the relatively newer addition is phosphorene, which ideally consists of a single layer of black phosphorous. Keeping in mind the past, and ongoing research activities, this short account offers a brief overview of the present status and the associated challenges in the field of phosphorene-related research, with special emphasis on their syntheses, properties, applications and future opportunities.

关键词： phosphorene black phosphorous anisotropy single layer thermoelectric chemical vapor deposition catalysis battery supercapacitor

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Chemical leaching of an Indian bituminous coal and characterization of the products by vibrational spectroscopic techniques

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第4期19卷 279-283页

作者： b. manoj A.G. Kunjomana Department of Physics Christ University Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University

High volatile bituminous coal .was demineralized by a chemical method. The vibrations of the ＂aromatics＂ structure of graphite, crystalline or non-crystalline, were observed in the spectra at the 1600 cm-1 region. The band at 1477 cm-1 is assigned as VR band, the band at 1392 cm-1 as VL band and the band at 1540 cm-1 as GR band. Graphite structure remains after chemical leaching liberates oxygenated functional groups and mineral groups. The silicate bands between 1010 and 1100 cm-1 are active in the infrared （IR） spec^urn but inactive in the Raman spectrum. Absorption arising from C-H stretching in alkenes occurs in the region of 3000 to 2840 cm-~. Raman bands because of symmetric stretch of water molecules were also observed in the spectrum at 3250 cm-1 and 3450 cm-1. Scanning electron microscopy analy- sis revealed the presence of a graphite layer on the surface. Leaching of the sample with hydrofluoric acid decreases the mineral phase and increases the carbon content. The ash content is reduced by 84.5wt% with leaching from its initial value by mainly removing aluminum and silicate containing minerals.

关键词： bituminous coal characterization graphite leaching vibrational spectroscopy

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Tribological characteristics of friction stir processed graphite and tin/LM24 surface composites

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Friction 2021年第3期9卷 569-582页

作者： Vipin SHARMA Ujjwal PRAKASH b.Venkata manoj KUMAR Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeRoorkee 247667India

Friction stir processing(FSP)is an emerging solid-state technique for preparing surface composites using various *** and metallic particles are easily reinforced in a matrix by this *** composites made from an LM24 alloy reinforced with graphite and tin,with good wettability and material flow owing to the low melting point of tin,were fabricated by FSP at two rotational speeds of 1,400 and 1,000 *** its low hardness,the graphite/LM24 surface composite fabricated at a higher rotational speed of 1,400 rpm exhibited better wear ***,its frictional behavior was not significantly affected by the *** fabricated surface composites with graphite and tin reinforcement as well as graphite-only reinforcement exhibited contradicting behaviors under sliding wear *** post wear analysis indicated that abrasion,adhesion,layer formation,and delamination occurred on the composite surfaces.

关键词： composites friction stir processing graphite tin Al-Si alloy wear

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Tribology of WC reinforced SiC ceramics: Influence of counterbody

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Friction 2019年第2期7卷 129-142页

作者： Sandan Kumar SHARMA b.Venkata manoj KUMAR Young-Wook KIM Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee TriboCeramics Laboratory Department of Materials Science and Engineeringthe University of Seoul

Hot pressed silicon carbide(SiC) composites prepared with 0, 10, 30 or 50 wt% tungsten carbide(WC) are subjected to dry sliding wear against WC-Co and steel ball. In particular an attempt has been made to answer the following important questions:(i) How does the load(from 5 to 20 N) effect sliding wear behaviour of SiC-ceramics against WC-Co and steel counterbodies?(ii) Is there any effect of WC content on friction and wear characteristics of SiC ceramics?(iii) Does the dominant material removal mechanism of SiC ceramics change with the addition of WC or counterbody?(iv) What is the influence of mechanical properties on the sliding wear? Experimental results indicated that coefficient of friction(COF) for the SiC ceramics varied between 0.66 and 0.33 with change in load and counterbodies. Wear volume for SiC ceramics found approximately 6-10 times more against WC-Co as compared against steel. Wear volume changes from 2.0 × 10^(–3)mm^3 to 1.2 × 10^(–2)mm^3 with change in counterbodies for SiC -(10, 30 or 50 wt%) WC composite at 20 N. SiC ceramics indicated abrasion and composites reveal tribochemical wear as major material removal mechanisms. Wear is influenced by the hardness of counterbody and fracture toughness of SiC -WC composites.

关键词： silicon carbide tungsten carbide composites steel sliding wear counterbody

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SOLUTIONS OF A SYSTEM OF FORCED bURGERS EQUATION IN TERMS OF GENERALIZED LAGUERRE POLYNOMIALS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2014年第5期34卷 1461-1472页

作者： manoj K.YADAV Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Science

In this article, we obtain explicit solutions of a linear PDE subject to a class of ra-dial square integrable functions with a monotonically increasing weight function｜x｜n-1eβ｜x｜2/2,β ≥ 0, x ∈ Rn. This linear PDE is obtained from a system of forced burgers equation via the Cole-Hopf transformation. For any spatial dimension n＆gt;1, the solution is expressed in terms of a family of weighted generalized Laguerre polynomials. We also discuss the large time behaviour of the solution of the system of forced burgers equation.

关键词： forced burgers equation radial Hermite functions generalized Laguerre poly-nomials self-similar solutions

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Numerical Algorithm based on Quintic Nonpolynomial Spline for Solving Third-Order boundary Value Problems Associated with Draining and Coating Flows

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series b 2012年第6期33卷 831-840页

作者： Pankaj Kumar SRIVASTAVA manoj KUMAR Department of Mathematics Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Department of Mathematics Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology

A numerical algorithm is developed for the approximation of the solution to certain boundary value problems involving the third-order ordinary differential equation associated with draining and coating flows. The authors show that the approximate so- lutions obtained by the numerical algorithm developed by using uonpolynomial quintic spline functions ave better than those produced by other spline and domain decomposition methods. The algorithm is tested on two problems associated with draining and coating flows to demonstrate the practical usefulness of the approach.

关键词： Third-order boundary value problem Spline functions Nonpolynomial quartic spline Nonpolynomial quintic spline Draining and coating flows

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