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Exploring the Lives of Mothers Raising Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Japan

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Open Journal of Nursing 2023年第2期13卷 167-180页

作者： Azusa Kawakami Shoko mano Yoko Shibuya Department of Nursing Nara Medical University Kashihara Nara Japan Department of Nursing Setsunan University Hirakata Osaka Japan

Background: Examining the lives that mothers experience and build will allow us to deepen our understanding of children with ASD and their mothers and facilitate developing support methods. The study aimed to examine the lives of mothers raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and investigate their sources of support. Method: We conducted a qualitative inductive study using semi-structured interviews to identify characteristics of the lives that mothers have created. Results: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 mothers having children with ASD. The analysis comprised three stages of coding and yielded eight categories. The lives of these mothers contained three themes: preoccupation with parenting children with ASD and their siblings;evolving mother;and using social resources. Mothers engaged in “assessing the characteristics, growth, and changes in the child with ASD”, had a “preoccupation with parenting children with ASD”, and were “thinking about the future of the child with ASD”, and “having goals and plans for parenting” while having “consideration toward the child’s siblings”. During this process, mothers experienced “changes in perspective or approach” and created lifestyles while “receiving help from people around them” and engaged in the “use of social resources”. Conclusions: To avoid becoming preoccupied with parenting and being burdened by their lifestyle, mothers require social support to monitor their perceptions. Furthermore, the utilization of social resources requires the supporting individuals to understand the characteristics of children with ASD, provide appropriate information, and assist in decision-making.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorder Mothers Raising Children

Bounds for the Genus of Generalized Total Graph of a Commutative Ring

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Algebra Colloquium 2019年第3期26卷 519-528页

作者： T.Asir K.mano Department of Mathematics DDEMadurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625021Tamil NaduIndia

Let_R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity and I its proper *** total graph of R with respect to I ,denoted by T(ГI(R)),is the undirected graph with all elements of R as vertices,and where distinct vert ices x and y are adjacen t if and only if x+y∈S(I)={a ∈ R:ra ∈ I for some r∈B\I}.In this paper,some bounds for the genus of T(ГI(R)) are *** improve and generalize some results for the total graphs of commutative *** addition,we obtain an isomorphism relation between two ideal based total graphs.

关键词： commutative ring ideal total graph of a ring genus of a graph

Stimulatory effect on the transport mediated by organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020年第2期15卷 181-191页

作者： Jiro Ogura Hiroaki Yamaguchi Nariyasu mano Tohoku University Hospital Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesMiyagi 980-8574Japan

Drug-drug interaction(DDI)is one of causes of adverse drug events and can result in lifethreatening *** anion-transporting polypeptide(OATP)2B1 is a major uptake transporter in the intestine and contributes to transport various clinically used therapeutic *** intestine has a high risk of DDI,because it has a special propensity to be exposed to a high concentration of ***,understanding drug interaction mediated by OATP2B1 in the absorption process is important for the prevention of adverse drug events,including decrease in the therapeutic effect of co-administered *** drug interaction occurs through the direct inhibitory effect on transporters,including ***,some compounds such as clinically used drugs and food components have an acute stimulatory effect on transport of co-administered drugs by *** review summarizes the acute stimulatory effect on the transport mediated by OATP2B1 and discusses the mechanisms of the acute stimulatory effects of *** are two types of acute stimulatory effects,substrate-independent and-dependent interactions on OATP2B1 *** facilitating translocation of OATP2B1 to the plasma membrane is one of causes for the substrate-independent acute stimulatory *** the contrary,the substrate-dependent effect is based on the direct binding to the substrate-binding site or allosteric progesterone-binding site of OATP2B1.

关键词： OATP2B1 Drug interaction Stimulatory effect Membrane translocation Conformational change

Friction assisted solid state lap seam welding and additive manufacturing method

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第1期12卷 16-24页

作者： Prasad Rao KALVALA Javed AKRAM mano MISRA Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering University of Utah

This paper describes results of seam welding of relatively high temperature melting materials, AISI 304, C-Mn steels, Ni-based alloys, CP Cu, CP Ni, Ti6Al4V and relatively low temperature melting material, AA6061. It describes the seam welding of multi-layered similar and dissimilar metallic sheets. The method described and involved advancing a rotating non-consumable rod(CP Mo or AISI 304) toward the upper sheet of a metallic stack clamped under pressure. As soon as the distal end of the rod touched the top portion of the upper metallic sheet, an axial force was applied. After an initial dwell time, the metallic stack moved horizontally relative to the stationery non-consumable rod by a desired length, thereby forming a metallurgical bond between the metallic sheets. Multi-track and multi-metal seam welds of high temperature metallic sheets, AISI 304, C-Mn steel,Nickel-based alloys, Cp Cu, Ti6Al4V and low temperature metallic sheets, AA6061 were obtained. Optical and scanning electron microscopy examination and 180 degree U-bend test indicated that defect free seam welds could be obtained with this method. Tensile- shear testing showed that the seam welds of AISI 304, C-Mn steel, Nickel-based alloy were stronger than the starting base metal counterparts while AA6061 was weaker due to softening. The metallurgical bonding at the interface between the metallic sheets was attributed to localized stick and slip at the interface, dynamic recrystallization and diffusion. The method developed can be used as a means of welding, cladding and additive manufacturing.

关键词： Lap seam welding Friction assisted welding Solid-state welding Cladding Additive manufacturing

Evaluating location specific strain rates, temperatures,and accumulated strains in friction welds through microstructure modeling

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第2期14卷 83-92页

作者： Javed Akram Prasad Rao Kalvala Vikas Jindal mano Misra Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering University of Utah Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)

A microstructural simulation method is adopted to predict the location specific strain rates, temperatures, grain evolution, and accumulated strains in the Inconel 718 friction welds. Cellular automata based 2D microstructure model was developed for Inconel 718 alloy using theoretical aspects of dynamic recrystallization. Flow curves were simulated and compared with experimental results using hot deformation parameter obtained from literature work. Using validated model, simulations were performed for friction welds of Inconel 718 alloy generated at three rotational speed i.e., 1200, 1500, and1500 RPM. Results showed the increase in strain rates with increasing rotational speed. These simulated strain rates were found to match with the analytical results. Temperature difference of 150 K was noticed from center to edge of the weld. At all the rotational speeds, the temperature was identical implying steady state temperature(0.89 T_m) attainment.

关键词： Microstructure modeling Dynamic recrystallization Friction welding Inconel 718 EBSD Hot deformation Strain map

The Peculiar Existence of Protein-Bound Unconjugated Bile Acid in the Cytoplasmic Fraction of Rat Brain

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色谱 2004年第4期22卷 346-348页

作者： mano Nariyasu GOTO Takaaki GOTO Junichi Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 JapanGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 JapanGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Hospital Sendai 980-8574 Japan

Bile acids are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol by the action of hepatic enzymes and excreted into the small intestine via the bile duct. In the intestinal lumen, they assist lipolysis and the absorption of fats by forming mixed micelles, and then return to the liver upon absorption in the ileum and proximal colon. Because of their efficient hepatic uptake, bile acids have low concentrations in the peripheral blood. Recent observations also indicate that the nuclear bile acid receptor regulates the bile acid pool by repressing transcription of genes encoding hepatocyte transporters[1] as well as cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase[2,3], which is the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid biosynthesis.

关键词：胆酸鹅脱氧胆酸脱氧胆酸液相色谱电喷雾质谱鼠脑细胞质蛋白质结合