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Floral resources, pollinators and fruiting in a threatened tropical deciduous tree

Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第4期4卷 259-267页

作者： manju v.sharma R.Uma Shaanker Simon R.Leather R.vasudeva Kundaranahalli R.Shivanna Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Royal EnclaveSrirampuraJakkur POBangalore 560064India Division of Biology Imperial College LondonSilwood Park CampusAscotBerkshire SL57PYUK Department of Crop Physiology University of Agricultural SciencesGKVKBangalore 560065India Department of Forest Biology College of ForestrySirsiUttara Kannada DistrictIndia

Nothapodytes nimmoniana(Family Icacinaceae)is a deciduous tree species distributed in Asia facing severe population *** chips from the tree are a source of camptothecin,a globally soughtafter alkaloid with cancer-treating properties,and are harvested unsustainably in natural *** studied the pollination ecology of the species and asked if there are constraints in pollination and fruiting success in its natural *** also discuss the potential effects of wood extraction on pollinators and reproductive success in the *** The study was carried out during the flowering season in two populations with varying exploitation levels,both located in the Protected Area Network in the Western Ghats of Karnataka *** assessed floral resource availability and measured pollinator diversity and activity in the canopy from the perspective of the biology of the *** quantified pollinator abundance and percent fruit set as a function of population *** Findings Flowers belong to the fly pollination syndrome and are open to visits by generalists such as Apis dorsata and Trigona *** success did not vary between exploited and unexploited sites,but there was a significant difference in pollinator *** a lean male flowering year,fruit set was low,suggesting pollen limitation in the *** fruiting was recorded in the second year at the site where trees were felled soon after the flowering *** argue that when male floral resources are altered in exploited populations,pollinators of generalist nature may show a shift in foraging ***,generalist plants may be as susceptible to pollination loss as are specialist *** need for outcrossing in the species would probably exacerbate this vulnerability.

关键词： fruit set generalist over-harvest pollen limitation pollinator assemblage

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Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA and Agro-Morphological Traits-Based Fingerprinting for Detection of Genetic Divergence in Indian Black Rice

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 366-370,I0004-I0014页

作者： Manisha sharma Dhananjay RATURI vijay Rani RAJPAL manju CHAUDHARY Soom Nath RAINA Apekshita SINGH Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Uttar PradeshSector-125UP 201313India Department of Botany Hansraj CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi 110007India

In this study, 32 black rice genotypes spanning diverse geographies in India were evaluated at both phenotypic and DNA sequence levels to gain insights into their genetic makeup. Significant variations were observed f... 详细信息

关键词： Indian Morphological Traits

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Role of lysosomal trafficking regulator in autophagic lysosome reformation in neurons:a disease perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 957-958页

作者： Prashant sharma Jenny Serra-vinardell Wendy J.Introne May Christine v.Malicdan NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program Common FundOffice of the DirectorNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Human Biochemical Genetics Section Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA(Serra-Vinardell JIntrone)

Lysosomes are discrete organelles that act as recycling centers for extracellular and intracellular materials,playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular *** acidic environment,maintained by numerous hydrolytic enzymes,facilitates substrate *** in lysosomal processes can lead to abnormal substrate degradation,significantly impacting cellular *** energy-demanding cells,such as post-mitotic neurons,are especially vulnerable to these changes,often resulting in neurological ***,a conserved catabolic process,requires extensive lysosomal *** plays a key role in removing unnecessary intracellular components,ensuring cellular homeostasis,and promoting cell survival during stress conditions such as starvation,infection,or cellular damage.

关键词： homeostasis lysosomal removing

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Exploring one material for dual applications:A red-emitting Mg2GeO4:Eu3+ nanophosphor for future generation energy efficient WLEDs and dosimetric applications

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1835-1845页

作者： Akshay Arjun G.P.Darshan S.C.sharma H.Nagabhushana D.v.Sunitha H.B.Premkumar Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematical and Physical SciencesM.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences Jain University C.N.R.Rao Centre for Advanced Materials Tumkur University School of Applied Sciences (Physics) REVA University

The envisaged design and developme nt of individual mate rials to excavate a broader spectrum of desired properties and offer multiple applications are highly *** this in mind,a series of forsterite-structured Mg2GeO4:Eu3+（1 mol%-9 mol%） nanophosphors was synthesized via a solution combustion method using oxalyl dihydrazide as a *** X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the orthorhombic crystal system with a Puma space *** results clearly show irregularly shaped cluster-like structures with aggregation of the *** diffuse reflectance spectra,the optical energy band gap of the Mg2GeO4:Eu3+（1 mol%-9 mol%） nanophosphors was estimated and obtained to be～4.12-4.32 *** photoluminescence emission spectra exhibit intense peaks at ～579,589,610,661,and 707 nm,which are due to characteristic5D0→7F0,5D0→7F1,5Do→7F2,5D0→7F3and5D0→7F4transitions of Eu3+ions,*** Commission International de L'Eclairage color coordinates are gradually tuned from pale red（0.5980,0.4012） to a pure red（0.6385,0.3611） *** glow peaks showcase excellent super-linear response at low doses of γ-irradiations,indicating that the prepared phosphor can be used in thermoluminescent personal dosimetry which is a biological tissue *** aforementioned results demonstrate that the prepared Mg2GeO4:Eu3+（1 mol%-9 mol%） nanophosphors are considered an excellent candidate for dual applications,i.e.,red component in future generation white-light-emitting diodes（WLEDs） and personal dosimetric applications.

关键词： Nanophosphors Photoluminescence Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Photometric properties

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Instability of binary nanofluids with magnetic field

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2015年第6期36卷 693-706页

作者： U.GUPTA J.sharma v.sharma Dr.S.S.Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology Panjab University Energy Research Centre Panjab University Department of Mathematics Himachal Pradesh University

The present paper investigates the effects of a vertical magnetic field on the double diffusive nanofluid convection, The effects of the Brownian motion and ther- mophoresis due to the presence of nanoparticles and the effects of the Dufour and Sorer parameters due to the presence of solute are included in the investigated model. The normal mode technique is used to solve the conservation equations. For the analytical study, valid approximations are made in the complex expression for the Rayleigh number to get useful and interesting results. The bottom heavy binary nanofluids are more stable than the regular binary fluids, while the top heavy binary nanofluids are less stable than the regular binary fluids. The critical wave number and the critical Rayleigh number in- crease whereas the frequency of oscillation （for the bottom heavy configuration） decreases when the Chandrasekhar number increases. The numerical results for the alumina-water nanofiuid are studied by use of the MATHEMATICA software.

关键词： natural convection binary nanofluid Brownian motion thermophoresis,Chandrasekhar number

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Influence of Accompanying Anions on Potassium Retention and Leaching in Potato Growing Alluvial Soils

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Pedosphere 2013年第4期23卷 464-471页

作者： v.sharma K.N.sharma Department of Soils Punjab Agricultural University

A column study was carried out to assess the influence of accompanying anions on potassium （K） leaching at potato growing sites with different soil textures （sandy loam and clay loam） in northwestern India. Potassium was applied in the top 15 cm layer of soil column at 30 and 60 mg K kg-1 through different sources having different accompanying anions （CI-, SO^-, NO3 and H2PO4-）. Maximum K was retained in the top 0-15 cm layer with a sharp decrease in K content occurring in 15 30 cm layer of the soil column. The trend was similar for both levels of applied K as well as frequency of leaching and soil type. The decrease of K content in soil column after four leaching events was maximum in case of Khanaura sandy loam, while only minor decrease was observed in Hundowal clay loam when K was applied at 60 mg K kg-1, indicating higher potential of clay rich soil to adsorb K. In general, the K leaching in presence of the accompanying anions followed the order of SO4^2-≤ H2PO42- 〈 NO3 = Cl-. Highest 1 mol·L^-1 CH3COONH4-extractable K was retained when K was applied along with SO4^2- and H2PO4 anions, and the least was retained when accompanying anion was Cl-. The influence of anions was more pronounced in the light textured soil and at high amounts of K application. Higher levels of K application resulted in higher losses of K, especially in sandy loam soil as observed from the leachate concentration. Among the different K sources, the maximum amount of K leaching was noticed in the soil column amended with KC1. After four leachings, the maximum amount of K leached out was 6.40 mg L-1 in Hundowal clay loam and 9.29 mg L-1 in Khanaura sandy loam at 60 mg K kg-1 of soil application through KC1. These concentrations were lower than the recommended guideline of the World Health Organisation （12.00 mg L-1）.

关键词： column study leaching events potassium application potassium sources soil texture

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Numerical and analytical investigations of thermosolutal instability in rotating Rivlin-Ericksen fluid in porous medium with Hall current

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2013年第4期34卷 501-522页

作者： S.KUMAR v.sharma K.KISHOR Department of Mathematics Government College Department of Mathematics Himachal Pradesh University Department of Mathematics Government Senior Secondary School

Numerical and analytical investigations of the thermosolutal instability in a viscoelastic Rivlin-Ericksen fluid are carried out in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field to include the Hall current with a uniform angular velocity in a porous medium. For stationary convection, the stable solute gradient parameter and the rota- tion have stabilizing effects on the system, whereas the magnetic field and the medium permeability have stabilizing or destabilizing effects on the system under certain condi- tions. The Hall current in the presence of rotation has stabilizing effects for sufficiently large Taylor numbers, whereas in the absence of rotation, the Hall current always has destabilizing effects. These effects have also been shown graphically. The viscoelastic effects disappear for stationary convection. The stable solute parameter, the rotation, the medium permeability, the magnetic field parameter, the Hall current, and the vis- coelasticity introduce oscillatory modes into the system, which are non-existent in their absence. The sufficient conditions for the non-existence of overstability are also obtained.

关键词： magnetic field thermosolutal instability Rivlin-Ericksen rotating fluid Hall current porous medium

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Higher Grain-Filling Rate in Inferior Spikelets of Tolerant Rice Genotype Offset Grain Yield Loss under Post-Anthesis High Night Temperatures

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Rice science 2024年第5期31卷 572-586,I0059-I0061页

作者： Nitin sharma Bhupinder SINGH Subbaiyan Gopala KRISHNAN Haritha BOLLINEDI Pranab Kumar MANDAL Milan Kumar LAL Prakash Kumar JHA P.v.vara PRASAD Anjali ANAND Division of Plant Physiology Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI)New Delhi 110012India Division of Environment Science ICAR-IARINew Delhi 110012India Division of Genetics ICAR-IARINew Delhi 110012India ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology New Delhi 110012India Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR-National Rice Research InstituteCuttack 753006India Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39762USA Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Increased nighttime respiratory losses decrease the amount of photoassimilates available for plant growth and yield. We hypothesized that the increased respiratory carbon loss under high night temperatures(HNT) could be compensated for by increased photosynthesis during the day following HNT exposure. Two rice genotypes, vandana(HNT-sensitive) and Nagina 22(HNT-tolerant), were exposed to HNT(4 ℃ above the control) from flowering to physiological maturity. They were assessed for alterations in the carbon balance of the source(flag leaf) and its subsequent impact on grain filling dynamics and the quality of spatially differentiated sinks(superior and inferior spikelets). Both genotypes exhibited significantly higher night respiration rates. However, only Nagina 22 compensated for the high respiration rates with an increased photosynthetic rate, resulting in a steady production of total dry matter under HNT. Nagina 22 also recorded a higher grain-filling rate, particularly at 5 and 10 d after flowering, with 1.5- and 4.0-fold increases in the translocation of ^(14)C sugars to the superior and inferior spikelets, respectively. The ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiratory rate on a leaf area basis was negatively correlated with spikelet sterility, resulting in a higher filled spikelet number and grain weight per plant, particularly for inferior grains in Nagina 22. Grain quality parameters such as head rice recovery, high-density grains, and gelatinization temperature were maintained in Nagina 22. An increase in the rheological properties of rice flour starch in Nagina 22 under HNT indicated the stability of starch and its ability to reorganize during the cooling process of product formation. Thus, our study showed that sink adjustments between superior and inferior spikelets favored the growth of inferior spikelets, which helped to offset the reduction in grain weight under HNT in the tolerant genotype Nagina 22.

关键词： high night temperature inferior grain pasting property radiolabeled sugar superior grain

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Higher Grain-Filling Rate in Inferior Spikelets of Tolerant Rice Genotype Offset Grain Yield Loss under Post-Anthesis High Night Temperatures

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Rice Science 2024年第05期 572-589页

作者： Nitin sharma Bhupinder SINGH Subbaiyan Gopala KRISHNAN Haritha BOLLINEDI Pranab Kumar MANDAL Milan Kumar LAL Prakash Kumar JHA P.v.vara PRASAD Anjali ANAND Division of Plant Physiology Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute(IARI) Division of Environment Science ICAR-IARI Division of Genetics ICAR-IARI ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Collaborative Research on Sustainable Intensification Kansas State University Department of Agronomy Kansas State University

Increased nighttime respiratory losses decrease the amount of photoassimilates available for plant growth and yield. We hypothesized that the increased respiratory carbon loss under high night temperatures（HNT） could be compensated for by increased photosynthesis during the day following HNT exposure. Two rice genotypes, vandana（HNT-sensitive） and Nagina 22（HNT-tolerant）, were exposed to HNT（4 ℃ above the control） from flowering to physiological maturity. They were assessed for alterations in the carbon balance of the source（flag leaf） and its subsequent impact on grain filling dynamics and the quality of spatially differentiated sinks（superior and inferior spikelets）. Both genotypes exhibited significantly higher night respiration rates. However, only Nagina 22 compensated for the high respiration rates with an increased photosynthetic rate, resulting in a steady production of total dry matter under HNT. Nagina 22 also recorded a higher grain-filling rate, particularly at 5 and 10 d after flowering, with 1.5- and 4.0-fold increases in the translocation of14C sugars to the superior and inferior spikelets, respectively. The ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiratory rate on a leaf area basis was negatively correlated with spikelet sterility, resulting in a higher filled spikelet number and grain weight per plant, particularly for inferior grains in Nagina 22. Grain quality parameters such as head rice recovery, high-density grains, and gelatinization temperature were maintained in Nagina 22. An increase in the rheological properties of rice flour starch in Nagina 22 under HNT indicated the stability of starch and its ability to reorganize during the cooling process of product formation. Thus, our study showed that sink adjustments between superior and inferior spikelets favored the growth of inferior spikelets, which helped to offset the reduction in grain weight under HNT in the tolerant genotype Nagina 22.

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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第3期13卷 58-72页

作者： Mohan Malu Thangaraj Jeromie W. v. Pandey Sumit Priya G. Sri Lakshmi Arunachalam Sivavallinathan sharma Rahul Shewade Hemant Deepak Aishwarya B. Afeeq K. Khatoon Afsana Gokulvijay B. Sireesha Gude Chandra Kavita Nandhakumar S. Samuel Prince viswanathan C. Nanditha Shanmugasundaram Devika Rao Raghuram Murhekar Manoj v. Jeyashree Kathiresan Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127 TNHB Ayapakkam Chennai Tamil Nadu India TB Support Network WHO Country Office for India New Delhi India Central Tuberculosis Division Government of India New Delhi India

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY) is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB (PwTB). Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states, reported a 70% coverage and high median delay in benefit credit. We undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023, to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources. We conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national, district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India, selected using theoretical sampling. An analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews, guided the coding of the subsequent interviews. Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative. Strong political commitment from the state administration, mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system, availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of implementation. However, the complex, multi-level benefit approval process, difficulties in accessing banking services, perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

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