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Chemical Characterization of Tomato Industry Wastewater, Florida, United States

Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第3期4卷 107-114页

作者： maninder k. chahal Gurpal S. Toor Bielinsk. M. Santos Soil and Water Quality Laboratory Gulf Coast Research and Education Center University of Florida Wimauma Florida USA

Tomato pack.rs often struggle to find ways to reuse the large volumes of wastewater generated during the tomato cleaning and sanitizing processes due to high transportation costs for off-site disposal and strict surface water discharge regulations in Florida. Information about the composition of tomato pack.nghouse wastewater and the lik.ly sources of major wastewater constituents might provide insights to develop environmentally sustainable practices for wastewater reuse. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of wastewater generated in tomato pack.nghouses. The wastewater samples were collected for 6 to 8 hours from dump tank. of two representative pack.nghouses at 30 minute intervals after start-up of pack.ng operations during May-June 2009. Results showed that wastewater had high electrical conductivity (1.3 - 2.8 dS·m–1) and chloride (255 - 1125 mg·L–1) due to the use of chlorine as a sanitizer in the pack.nghouses. Concentrations of total phosphorus (P, 2.8 - 5.7 mg·L–1) and copper (Cu, 1.9 - 2.2 mg·L–1) in wastewater were elevated due to tomato cleaning and sanitizing. To reduce P and Cu concentrations, treatment or blending of wastewater may be needed before discharging wastewater to surface waters. Concentrations of P, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and manganese were much higher in pack.nghouse 1 as compared to pack.nghouse 2 wastewater, probably due to the greater contact time of tomatoes with the dump tank.water. Whereas concentrations of Cu were similar in both pack.nghouses wastewater. Greater concentrations of chemical constituents in the wastewater suggest that residues of pesticides, insecticides, and/or foliar-applied micronutrients on tomatoes may be the lik.ly external sources of most constituents (especially P, Cu, and Zn) in wastewater.

关键词： Tomatoes Wastewater Pack.nghouse Nutrients Trace Metals

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