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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2019年第2期7卷 97-114页

作者： Leontine Nkague Nkamba Thomas Timothee manga Noboru Sakamoto Department of Mathematics Higher Teacher Training College University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Deustotech Laboratory Chair of Computational Mathematics University of Deusto Bilbao Spain AIDEPY Association des Ingénieurs Diplomés de l’Ecole Polytechnique de Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Mechatronics Nanzan University Nagoya Japan

This paper focuses on the study and control of a non-linear mathematical epidemic model ( SSvihVELI ) based on a system of ordinary differential equation modeling the spread of tuberculosis infectious with HIV/AIDS coinfection. Existence of both disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium is discussed. Reproduction number R0 is determined. Using Lyapunov-Lasalle methods, we analyze the stability of epidemic system around the equilibriums (disease free and endemic equilibrium). The global asymptotic stability of the disease free equilibrium whenever Rvac is proved, where R0 is the reproduction number. We prove also that when R0 is less than one, tuberculosis can be eradicated. Numerical simulations are conducted to approve analytic results. To achieve control of the disease, seeking to reduce the infectious group by the minimum vaccine coverage, a control problem is formulated. The Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used to characterize the optimal control. The optimality system is derived and solved numerically using the Runge Kutta fourth procedure.

关键词： Tuberculosis Basic Reproduction Number Global Stability Prevalence CD4 Cells Immune Deficiency Optimal Control Optimality HIV

Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Encoding Genes among Urinary Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>Isolates Obtained from a Tertiary Hospital in Gombe Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第9期8卷 42-55页

作者： Adamu Yarima Ali Ahmed Haroun Timothy Bulus Mohammed M. manga Department of Plant Science Bioresource Development Center Michika National Biotechnology Development Agency Abuja Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Gombe State University and Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe Gombe Nigeria

This study was conducted to assess the occurrence and nature of extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients who presented with urinary tract infection at Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe. Isolates collected were recovered on MacConkey agar at 35°C and were identified as members of Enterobacteriaceae, and further screened for antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance by disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to oxyimino-cephalosporins were confirmed as ESBL producers using Double Disks Synergy Test (DDST). The study shows 66% resistance to ceftriaxone (30 μg) in K. pneumoniae, which was the highest value recorded and a 51% resistance to cefpodoxime (10 μg) in E. coli. The sensitivity of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates to cefpodoxime (10 μg) were 49% and 33.9% respectively. ESBLs were detected among 40% (40/100) of E. coli and 54.13% (59/109) of K. pneumoniae isolates. Molecular characterization of ESBL encoding genes among E. coli isolates using multiplex-PCR showed 10% prevalence of SHV gene and 5% prevalence for CTX-M gene while TEM gene was not detected. In K. pneumoniae isolates, 5% prevalence was recorded for each of the three genes screened. The study revealed a co-occurrence of SHV and CTX-M in 75% of the E. coli and 70% of the K. pneumoniae isolates;the occurrence of all the three genes was seen in 10% and 5% of K. pneumoniae and E. coli respectively. Multiplex-PCR method provided an efficient and rapid detection of ESBL related genes, hence could be used in epidemiological studies among ESBL isolates. Monitoring dissemination and transmissions of ESBL producers are highly recommended for optimum patient care and preventing the spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens.

关键词： ESBL Double Disk Synergy Test M-PCR TEM SHV CTX-M Genes Nigeria

Quantitative Analysis of the Sized Ranged Plastic Debris on Beach Shoreline along the Limbe Coastline, Cameroon

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第6期14卷 441-469页

作者： Eric Esongami Ndumbe Veronica Ebot manga Josepha Tendo Foba Fabrice Lamfu Yengong Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea P.O. Box 63 Molyko-Buea Cameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Buea P.O. Box 63 Molyko-Buea Cameroon

In recent years, increased interest in investigating the accumulation of sized ranged plastic debris has been observed on beaches along coastlines. The abundance and distribution of the 4M’s sized class plastic debris were quantitatively assessed on five sandy beaches, in Cameroon. Duplicates of 2 × 2 m (4 m2) quadrants were sampled in each beach/month with a total of 80 quadrants. Collected plastic samples were washed, sieved and dried. Particles of size, ≥2 mm, were sorted and measured using a 30 cm ruler, and converted to mm. Overall, 12,822 particles by number (530.59 g) with a mean abundance of 40.07 items/m2 (1.66 g/m2) plastic debris was recorded. ANOVA (p = 0.05) shows a linear relationship between the meso- and micro-sized classes with significantly higher abundance recorded in LDB sites. The highest abundance by weight was recorded in August and June numerically. 80% of the plastic particles were between the size range, of 5 - 20 mm by number and 6 - 100 mm by weight. Moreover, in all beaches micro-sized class plastics were dominated by number 42.40% with fragmented debris dominant, in number/weight, 54.86% (25.69%) while meso-sized class plastics were 29.28% dominated by weight, with fragmented debris type, the most prevalence in number and weight as 46.11% (26.18%). On average, color and shape fractions revealed, colored and irregularly shaped plastics were dominant with an abundance of 80.45 ± 18.17 items/m2 (2.58 ± 0.68 g/m2) and 47.24 ± 20.40 items/m2 (1.39 ± 0.66 g/m2). Finally, the 0.0001 g plastic debris was dominant with a concentration, of 33.68 ± 7.23 items/m2. The intense use of beaches for recreation and poor waste disposal has increased the potential for plastic contamination.

关键词： Plastic Debris Beach Size-Ranged Class 4M’s Abundance Cameroon

An Audit of Constraints and Opportunities in Kenya＇s Livestock Export Value Chain

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第2期4卷 102-120页

作者： Patrick Irungu Peter Ithondeka Esther Wafula Sabenzia Wekesa Hezron Wesonga Thomas manga Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nairobi Nairobi 00100 Kenya Department of Veterinary Services Nairobi 00625 Kenya Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARl) Kikuyu 00902 Kenya Foot and Mouth Disease Laboratory Nairobi 00500 Kenya

For a long time Kenya has desired to access lucrative export markets for her livestock products. Although this desire matches the growing global demand for livestock products and increasing interest in livestock products from Kenya by livestock deficient countries, Kenya has not been able to meet the expressed demand. The reasons for this failure have not been sufficiently documented. This study used the value chain approach to assess and document the factors that limit Kenya＇s export trade in livestock. Questionnaire interviews were undertaken with livestock producers, traders, processors and importers. Producers cited livestock diseases, poor roads, drought, livestock theft and insecurity as the main constraints to livestock supply. Livestock traders mentioned high cost and delays in obtaining movement permits, rent-seeking and disturbance by government officials along the stock routes as some of the constraints. Processors on the other hand mentioned Kenya＇s failure to meet the international sanitary requirements. The only importer interviewed indicated that trade restrictions, Kenya＇s inability to control livestock diseases and distance were the main constraints to increased livestock trade with Kenya. Stakeholders in Kenya＇s livestock export value chain should address these and other constraints in order to revitalize this vital sector.

关键词： Livestock export trade value chain analysis Kenya.

Elbow Dislocation in Children: About Two Cases and Review of the Literature

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Confirmed Thromboembolic Venous Disease and Clinical Probability Scores: A Transversal Study about 74 Cases Collected in the Cardiology Department of the Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital Center of Dakar

Open Journal of Pediatrics（儿科学期刊） 2024年第2期 218页

作者： Nyanit Bob Dorcas Atangana Cédric Paterson Mantho Fopa Pauline Kouna TsalaIrène Nadine Mvouni Bob Thérèse Raissa Bekima King Francis Ateaze Chrisantus Dikongue Diwondi Audrey NdongoRéné Akoa manga Ismael Evoni Molo Tatiana Choupo Guetchuin Stéphane Handy Eone Daniel

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2021年第11期10卷 373-380页

作者： Sidy Lamine Sy Simon Joë l manga Sérigne Mor Beye El Hadj Mbacké Sarr Cardiology Department National University Hospital of Fann Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department De La Paix Hospital Ziguinchor Senegal Cardiology Department Saint-Louis Regional Hospital Saint-Louis Senegal

Introduction: Venous thromboembolic disease (VTED), associating deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, represents a major public health issue. The objective of our work is to correlate confirmed VTED with clinical probability scores using elements of interview and clinical examination. Methods: This was a retrospective study from January 1, 2012 to October 27, 2013. Venous thromboembolic disease was diagnosed by lower limb venous Doppler ultrasound for deep vein thrombosis and thoracic CT angiography for pulmonary embolism. Results: Our series included 74 cases of venous thromboembolic disease including 42 cases of deep vein thrombosis and 29 cases of pulmonary embolism. The average age was 48.5 ± 15.9 years. The sex ratio was 0.72. The patients came from the outpatient clinic in 67.57% of cases. The Wells score for pulmonary embolism showed excellent performance in the “Surgery/Cancer” subgroup where the low probability was zero. The revised Geneva score for pulmonary embolism, showing the same proportions of low (14.2%) and intermediate (85.7%) probability, did not discriminate the subgroup of patients with underlying heart disease from the one from a surgical or carcinological environment. Conclusion: Clinical probability scores are more suitable in surgical and oncological settings than in medical settings.

关键词： Venous Thromboembolic Disease Wells Score Geneva Score Dakar Senegal

Stroke and Covid-19: The Experience of the Ziguinchor/Senegal Epidemic Treatment Center

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2022年第3期13卷 103-110页

作者： Khalifa Ababacar Mbaye Kalilou Diallo Rokhaya Diagne Moustapha Ndiaye Amadou Gallo Diop Noël Magloire manga Ibrahima Pierre Ndiaye Neurology Department Fann Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal Infectious Diseases Department Peace Hospital Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to have a brain tropism involving several pathophysiological mechanisms. The objective of our work was to study the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary aspects of stroke patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study from 26 March 2020 to 30 September 2021, which took place at the Ziguinchor epidemic treatment center. All patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by RT-PCR with clinical signs suggestive of stroke and confirmed by brain CT scan were included in our study. Patients with incomplete or unexploitable records were excluded. Results: Twenty-four patients were collected out of a total of 186 severe cases, a prevalence of 12.90%. All patients had an ischemic stroke. The mean age was 69 ± 6 years with extremes of 58 and 84 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.2. Diabetes and hypertension were co-morbidities in 87.50% and 25% of cases respectively. Clinical signs were dominated by a hemi-corporal deficit (87.5%) and dyspnea (75%). All patients were on anticoagulation and corticosteroids. The evolution was favourable in 62.5% of patients against 37.5% of death. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection is responsible for numerous neurovascular complications and this risk increases with the presence of diabetes, arterial hypertension and emboligenic heart disease. Corticosteroid therapy and anticoagulation have allowed us to improve the prognosis of patients.

关键词： Covid-19 Stroke Ziguinchor Senegal

Blood Count Abnormalities Associated with Death in Patients Infected with SARS-COV-2 at the Ziguinchor EpidemicTreatment Center (ETC)

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2023年第4期13卷 304-312页

作者： Coly Mame Ngoné Diallo Kalilou Sarr Habibou Diop Abdoulaye manga Noel Magloire Diatta Alassane Medical Analysis Laboratory The Ziguinchor Peace Hospital Ziguinchor Senegal Health Sciences Training and Research Unit The Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Infectious Diseases Department The Ziguinchor Peace Hospital/Ziguinchor Epidemic Treatment Center Ziguinchor Senegal Medical Analysis Laboratory The Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Ziguinchor Senegal

Introduction: SARS-COV-2 infection is a real public health challenge for the World Health Organization and for our country. It is responsible for numerous hematological abnormalities in infected patients. Objectives: To describe the haemogram abnormalities in patients infected with SARS-COV-2 and to determine which ones are associated with death. Material and Method: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study from March 2020 to September 2021. The study included all patients hospitalized with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who performed a blood count. We evaluated the blood count profile, the pathologies found and the associated blood count abnormalities. Results: A total of 263 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 63.77 years (range 12 - 90 years). The male sex represented 54.75% (n = 144) while the female sex was 45.25% (n = 119) (sex ratio = 1.21). The most common pathologies were: diabetes: 30.03% (n = 79), high blood pressure: 41.04% (n = 108), and Chronic kidney disease: 7.98 (n = 21). The abnormalities of the haemogram found were essential: anaemia 28.13% (n = 121), hyperleukocytosis with neutrophilic predominance: 29.3% (126), lymphopenia: 34.41% (n = 148), thrombocytopenia: 8.16% (n = 35). The search for hematological factors associated with death in patients showed a significant difference between hyperleukocytosis (p = 0.000) and lymphopenia (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: SARS-COV-2 disease was a mortality factor when associated with lymphopenia and hyperleukocytosis in our series.

关键词： SARS-COV-2 Infection Abnormalities Blood Count Death

Acute Coronary Syndromes in Semi-Urban African Areas: Clinical Aspects and Management in Ziguinchor (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第4期9卷 179-187页

作者： Simon Joël manga Mame Diarra Mbaye Sidy Lamine Sy Quinta Te Indafa Cardiology Departement Hospital de la Paix Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Cardiologie Departement Fann National University Center Dakar Cheikh Anta Diop University Ziguinchor Senegal

Context and Objectives: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) constitute a major medical emergency. In Senegal, outside the capital Dakar, there is a lack of appropriate care structures. The objective of this work was to study the ACS treatment in the city of Ziguinchor. Methodology: This was a retrospective study of acute coronary syndromes’ cases admitted to the two-level two hospitals in the city of Ziguinchor from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019. We included all patients with acute angina pain at rest and/or electrocardiographic changes in at least two contiguous leads. The data were analysed using sphinx V5 software. Results: 57 cases were collected. The average age was 60.1 ± 14.1 years. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 3.7. The majority of patients arrived at the hospital by unsafe delivery (70.5%). Symptomatology was dominated by typical angina pain (50.8%). On the electrocardiogram, a majority of acute coronary syndromes with ST segment shift were observed (70.2%). Doppler echocardiography found abnormalities in segmental kinetics in 69.8% of cases. The troponin dosage was performed in 7 patients, i.e. 12.3%. The average time of treatment was 3.4 ± 4.5 days. Medical treatment remained standard and no patient was thrombosed. The average hospitalization period was 5 ± 3.2 days. The hospital lethality was 7.2%. Conclusion: Acute coronary syndromes constitute a medical emergency. Dia

关键词： Acute Coronary Syndromes Clinic Management Ziguinchor