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Diet and monensin influence the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in stocker and finishing cattle

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 733-748页

作者： Jianmin Chai Caleb P.weiss Paul A.Beck Wei Zhao Ying Li Jiangchao Zhao Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding College of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshanChina Division of Agriculture Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China

Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal study was conducted to determine how the feeding strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of production affects the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota.During the stocker phase,either dry hay or wheat pasture were provided,and three levels of monensin were administrated.All calves were then transported to a feedlot and received similar finishing diets with or without monensin.Rumen microbial samples were collected on d 0,28,85 during the stocker stage(S0,S28 and S85)and d 0,14,28,56,30 d before slaughter and the end of the trial during the finishing stage(F0,F14,F28,F56,Pre-Ba,and Final).The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was sequenced.Results Higher alpha diversity,including the number of observed bacterial features and the Shannon index,was observed in the stocker phase compared to the finishing phase.The bacterial amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)differentiating different sampling time points were identified.Dietary treatments during the stocker stage temporally impact the dynamics of rumen microbiota.For example,shared bacteria,including Bacteroidales(ASV19)and Streptococcus infantarius(ASV94),were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28,S85,and F0,while Bacteroidaceae(ASV11)and Limivicinus(ASV15)were more abundant in wheat.Monensin affected rumen microbial composition at a specific time.Transportation to feedlot significantly influenced microbiome structure and diversity in hay-fed calves.Bacterial taxa associated with body weight were classified,and core microbiotas interacted with each other during the trial.Conclusions In summary,the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and finishing stage are influenced by multiple factors of the feeding strategy.Diet at the stocker phase may temporarily affect the microbial composition duri

关键词： Beef cattle Diet Feedlot phase Monensin Next-generation sequencing Rumen microbiota Stocker

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Date #3 in Beijing Liangma River:The Seine of Beijing

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城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第4期 18-21页

作者： Rachel weiss 不详

Did you know that right in China's capital city,there's a scenic area dubbed the Seine of Beijing?As spring works its magic and paints the city in a palette of blossoms,it's the perfect time to whisk your date away on... 详细信息

关键词： ang perfect Beijing

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Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Corporate Leadership

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第4期12卷 40-48页

作者： Daniel Schilling weiss Nguyen Mudassir Mohiddin Shaik School of Business and Technology (SBT) Aspen University Phoenix Arizona USA Information Technology Indiana Wesleyan University Indianapolis Indiana USA

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming organizational dynamics, and revolutionizing corporate leadership practices. This research paper delves into the question of how AI influences corporate leadership, examining both its advantages and disadvantages. Positive impacts of AI are evident in communication, feedback systems, tracking mechanisms, and decision-making processes within organizations. AI-powered communication tools, as exemplified by Slack, facilitate seamless collaboration, transcending geographical barriers. Feedback systems, like Adobe’s Performance Management System, employ AI algorithms to provide personalized development opportunities, enhancing employee growth. AI-based tracking systems optimize resource allocation, as exemplified by studies like “AI-Based Tracking Systems: Enhancing Efficiency and Accountability.” Additionally, AI-powered decision support, demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, showcases the capability to navigate complex challenges and maintain resilience. However, AI adoption poses challenges in human resources, potentially leading to job displacement and necessitating upskilling efforts. Managing AI errors becomes crucial, as illustrated by instances like Amazon’s biased recruiting tool. Data privacy concerns also arise, emphasizing the need for robust security measures. The proposed solution suggests leveraging Local Machine Learning Models (LLMs) to address data privacy issues. Approaches such as federated learning, on-device learning, differential privacy, and homomorphic encryption offer promising strategies. By exploring the evolving dynamics of AI and leadership, this research advocates for responsible AI adoption and proposes LLMs as a potential solution, fostering a balanced integration of AI benefits while mitigating associated risks in corporate settings.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence (AI) Corporate Leadership Communication Feedback Systems Tracking Mechanisms Decision-Making Local Machine Learning Models (LLMs) Federated Learning On-Device Learning Differential Privacy Homomorphic Encryption

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The tri-band high spectral resolution spectrometer with gratings in tandem for the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic system on HL-2A tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第6期26卷 103-110页

作者：刘亮余德良马倩何小斐 Maarten DE BOCK manfred von HELLERMANN Michael WALSH 陈文锦何小雪魏彦玲张能李栋魏会领 the HL-2A Team Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041People’s Republic of China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology Baoji University of Arts and SciencesBaoji 721000People’s Republic of China ITER Organization Route de Vinon-sur-VerdonCS 90046St.Paul Lez Durance Cedex 13067France Fusion Spectroscopy Markgraf-Albrecht Str.14Berlin 10711Germany

Charge-exchange(CX) recombination spectroscopy is a powerful tool monitoring ion temperature and plasma rotation with good temporal and spatial resolutions. A compact, new design for a high-throughput, tri-band high spectral resolution spectrometer has been developed for the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy measurement on the HL-2A tokamak. The simultaneous measurements of He II(468.57 nm), C VI(529.1 nm), and Dα(656.1 nm accompanied by beam emission spectra) with an acquisition frequency up to 400 Hz are achieved by vertically binning the spectrum from each fiber in experiments. Initial results indicate that the system can provide radial profiles of not only ion temperature and rotation velocity,but also concentration of carbon. For the case of helium, the measurements for the ion temperature and rotation velocity are straightforward but the apparent concentration associated with the observed CX intensity is obviously too high. Modeling of the active He II CX feature including plume contributions needs to be carried out to extract the true helium concentration.The spectrometer could become a prototype for the ITER charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic and the pilot experiments, as presented here, demonstrate the possibility of impurity concentrations measurements based on the combined measurement of local beam emission and charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy spectra.

关键词： CXRS ion temperature plasma rotation impurity concentration

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Next Generation Sequencing in Oncological Diagnostics: Hype or Hope?

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 244-256页

作者： Rana Hallak manfred Kuepper Amer Al Chikh Youssef Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Al Rasheed University Ghabareb Syria Rana Hallak Clinical Laboratory Damascus Kafar Sousseh Syria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Arab International University Ghabareb Syria Doctors Cancer Care Center Damascus Damascus Syria

The understanding of how genetic and epigenetic factors influence tumorigenesis, progression and invasion, is vastly growing since new technologies allow the analysis of the functional genome namely the exome, the transcriptome and the epigenome, besides enabling genome-wide assessment of genetic variations. With the advent of new drugs that are indicated tissue agnostic, depending on certain mutations, there is a growing demand for fast and cost-effective genetic diagnosis. The method in focus that already became an indispensable tool in viral diagnosis is next-generation sequencing (NGS). This approach allows sequencing of literally every DNA molecule in the sample and can either be used to assess numerous genetic markers of one patient at a time, or to assess fewer markers of many patients in parallel, which reduces costs. We submitted 23 samples of different tumor entities to four diagnostic companies with different analysis profiles. The results as disclosed and discussed in this report indicate that so far, the main application of NGS is rather in cancer research than in diagnosis, as none of the reports had a real impact on the therapeutic scheme. We are perfectly aware that such a small cohort cannot be generalized, but considering the costs vs. benefits, NGS should be engaged upon a very stringent evaluation only. However, in cases where obtaining a tissue biopsy is impossible or unfavorable, analysis of liquid biopsy by NGS provides a vital alternative.

关键词： Oncology Next Generation Sequencing Tumor Diagnosis Personalized Medicine

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Sahara’s surface transformation forced an abrupt hydroclimate decline and Neolithic culture transition in northern China

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 70-79页

作者： Yandong Hou Hao Long Sumiko Tsukamoto Zhengyao Lu Jie Chen Daniel EIbarra Toru Tamura Qiong Zhang Weiyi Sun Jingran Zhang Lei Gao manfred Frechen Ji Shen State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(NIGLAS)Nanjing 210008China Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics(LIAG) Department of Geochronology30655 HannoverGermany Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University22100 LundSweden Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute at Brown for Environment and Society and Department of Earth Environmentaland Planetary SciencesBrown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Geological Survey of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaIbaraki 305-8567Japan Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of TokyoKashiwaChiba 277-8561Japan Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University10691 StockholmSweden School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityJiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and ApplicationKey Laboratory of Virtual Geographic EnvironmentMinistry of Education of ChinaNanjing 210023China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

The remote forcing from land surface changes in the Sahara is hypothesized to play a pivotal role in modulating the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)through ocean-atmospheric teleconnections.This modulation has far-reaching consequences,particularly in facilitating societal shifts documented in northern China.Here,we present a well-dated lake-level record from the Daihai Lake Basin in northern China,providing quantitative assessments of Holocene monsoonal precipitation and the consequent migrations of the northern boundary of the EASM.Our reconstruction,informed by a water-and-energy balance model,indicates that annual precipitation reached700 mm during 8–5 ka,followed by a rapid decline to tween 5 and 4 ka.This shift coherently aligns with a signi550 mm be-ficant300 km northwestward movement of the EASM northern boundary during the Middle Holocene(MH),in contrast to its current position.Our findings underscore that these changes cannot be entirely attributed to orbital forcing,as corroborated by simulation tests.Climate model simulations deployed in our study suggest that the presence of the Green Sahara during the MH significantly strengthened the EASM and led to a northward shift of the monsoon rainfall belt.Conversely,the Sahara’s reversion to a desert landscape in the late Holocene was accompanied by a corresponding southward retraction of monsoon influence.These dramatic hydroclimate changes during5–4 ka likely triggered or at least contributed to a shift in Neolithic cultures and societal transformation in northern China.With decreasing agricultural productivity,communities transitioned from millet farming to a mixed rainfed agriculture and animal husbandry system.Thus,our findings elucidate not only the variability of the EASM but also the profound implications of a remote forcing,such as surface transformations of the Sahara,on climatic changes and cultural evolution in northern China.

关键词： Holocene monsoon abrupt

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Generalizable items of quantitative and qualitative cornerstones for personnel requirement of physicians in anesthesia

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2017年第2期6卷 91-98页

作者： manfred weiss Rolf Rossaint Thomas Iber Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital Ulm Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine University Hospital Aachen Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Klinikum Mittelbaden Baden-Baden/Bühl

Anesthesiologists perform a broad spectrum of tasks. However, in many countries, there is no legal basis for personnel staffing of physicians in anesthesia. Also, the German diagnosis related groups system for refunding does not deliver such a basis. Thus, in 2006 a new calculation base for the personnel requirement that included an Excel calculation sheet was introduced by the German Board of Anesthesiologists(BDA) and the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine(DGAI), and updated in 2009 and 2015. Oriented primarily to organizational needs, in 2015, BDA/DGAI defined quantitative and qualitative cornerstones for personnel requirement of physicians in anesthesia, especially reflecting recent laws governing physician's working conditions and competence in the field of anesthesia, as well as demands of strengthened legal rights of patients, patient care and safety. We present a workload-oriented model, integrating core working hours, shift work or standby duty, quality of care, efficiency of processes, legal, educational, controlling, local, organizational and economic aspects for calculating personnel demands. Auxiliary tables enable physicians to calculate personnel demands due to differing employee workload, non-patient oriented tasks and reimbursement of full-equivalents due to parental leave, prohibition of employment, or longterm illness. After 10 years of experience with the first calculation tool, we report the generalizable key aspects and items of a necessary calculation tool which may help physicians to justify realistic workload-oriented personnel staffing demands in anesthesia. A modular, flexiblenature of a calculation tool should allow adaption to the respective legal and organizational demands of different countries.

关键词： Anesthesia Service time Organization Personnel requirement Working time directive Continuing medical education Patient rights Patient safety

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Generalizable items and modular structure for computerised physician staffing calculation on intensive care units

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2017年第3期6卷 153-163页

作者： manfred weiss Gernot Marx Thomas Iber Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital Ulm Klinik für Operative Intensivmedizin und Intermediate Care Uniklinik RWTH Aachen Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Klinikum Mittelbaden Baden-Baden/Bühl

Intensive care medicine remains one of the most costdriving areas within hospitals with high personnel costs. Under the scope of limited budgets and reimbursement, realistic needs are essential to justify personnel staffing. Unfortunately, all existing staffing models are top-down calculations with a high variability in results. We present a workload-oriented model, integrating quality of care, efficiency of processes, legal, educational, controlling, local, organisational and economic aspects. In our model, the physician's workload solely related to the intensive care unit depends on three tasks: Patient-oriented tasks, divided in basic tasks(performed in every patient) and additional tasks(necessary in patients with specific diagnostic and therapeutic requirements depending on their specific illness, only), and non patient-oriented tasks. All three tasks have to be taken into account for calculating the required number of physicians. The calculation tool further allows to determine minimal personnel staffing, distribution of calculated personnel demand regarding type of employee due to working hours per year, shift work or standby duty. This model was introduced and described first by the German Board of Anesthesiologists and the German Society ofAnesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in 2008 and since has been implemented and updated 2012 in Germany. The modular, flexible nature of the Excel-based calculation tool should allow adaption to the respective legal and organizational demands of different countries. After 8 years of experience with this calculation, we report the generalizable key aspects which may help physicians all around the world to justify realistic workload-oriented personnel staffing needs.

关键词： Budgets Critical care Economics Humans Intensive care units Personnel hospital Personnel staffing and scheduling Physicians Workload Quality of health care

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Nonlinear Rydberg exciton-polaritons in Cu2O microcavities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 619-627页

作者： Maxim Makhonin Anthonin Delphan Kok Wee Song Paul Walker Tommi Isoniemi Peter Claronino Konstantinos Orfanakis Sai Kiran Rajendran Hamid Ohadi Julian Heckötter Marc Assmann manfred Bayer Alexander Tartakovskii Maurice Skolnick Oleksandr Kyriienko Dmitry Krizhanovskii Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK. Department of Physics and Astronomy University of ExeterStocker RoadExeter EX44PYUK. SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK. Fakultät Physik TU DortmundAugust-Schmidt-Straße 444227 DortmundGermany

Rydberg excitons(analogues of Rydberg atoms in condensed matter systems)are highly excited bound electron-hole states with large Bohr radii.The interaction between them as well as exciton coupling to light may lead to strong optical nonlinearity,with applications in sensing and quantum information processing.Here,we achieve strong effective photon–photon interactions(Kerr-like optical nonlinearity)via the Rydberg blockade phenomenon and the hybridisation of excitons and photons forming polaritons in a Cu2O-filled microresonator.Under pulsed resonant excitation polariton resonance frequencies are renormalised due to the reduction of the photon-exciton coupling with increasing exciton density.Theoretical analysis shows that the Rydberg blockade plays a major role in the experimentally observed scaling of the polariton nonlinearity coefficient as∝n4.4±1.8 for principal quantum numbers up to n=7.Such high principal quantum numbers studied in a polariton system for the first time are essential for realisation of high Rydberg optical nonlinearities,which paves the way towards quantum optical applications and fundamental studies of strongly correlated photonic(polaritonic)states in a solid state system.

关键词： density. Rydberg polar

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阀门零部件制造的高精密加工

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现代制造 2024年第1期 20-22页

作者： manfred Flohr 不详

Schroeder阀门公司生产的产品是一种保护工业企业泵类设备不受损伤的旁通保护阀。德国的能源转型,既给制造商带来了巨大的商机,也给他们带来了技术挑战:当热电厂在部分载荷工况下运行时,工业企业的生产设备需要新的安全保护装备。

关键词：泵类设备零部件制造保护阀能源转型载荷工况阀门制造商

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