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Complex Decision Modeling Fr.mewor. with Fair.y Oper.tor. and Quater.ion Number. under.Intuitionistic Fuzzy r.ugh Context

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Computer.Modeling in Engineer.ng & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1893-1932页

作者： Nadeem Salamat Muhammad Kamr.n Shahzaib Ashr.f manal Elzain Mohammed Abdulla r.shad Ismail Mohammed M.Al-Shamir. Institute of Mathematics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering&Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Depar.ment of Mathematics Thal University BhakkarPunjab30000Pakistan Depar.ment of Mathematics Faculty of Science and ArtsKing Khalid UniversityMuhayl Assir61913Saudi Arabia

The main goal of infor.al computing is to over.ome the limitations of hyper.ensitivity to defects and uncer.ainty while maintaining a balance between high accur.cy,accessibility,and cost-effectiveness.This paper.investigates the potential applications of intuitionistic fuzzy sets(IFS)with r.ugh sets in the context of spar.e data.When it comes to captur. uncer.ain infor.ation emanating fr.mboth upper.and lower.appr.ximations,these intuitionistic fuzzy r.ugh number.(IFr.s)ar. super.or.to intuitionistic fuzzy sets and pythagor.an fuzzy sets,r.spectively.We use r.ugh sets in conjunction with IFSs to develop sever.l fair.y aggr.gation oper.tor. and analyze their.under.ying pr.per.ies.We pr.sent numer.us impar.ial laws that incor.or.te the idea of pr.por.ionate disper.ion in or.er.to ensur. that the member.hip and non-member.hip activities of IFr.s ar. tr.ated equally within these pr.nciples.These oper.tions lead to the development of the intuitionistic fuzzy r.ugh weighted fair.y aggr.gation oper.tor.IFr.FA)and intuitionistic fuzzy r.ugh or.er.d weighted fair.y aggr.gation oper.tor.IFr.OWA).These oper.tor. successfully adjust to member.hip and non-member.hip categor.es with fair.ess and subtlety.We highlight the unique qualities of these suggested aggr.gation oper.tor. and investigate their.use in the multiattr.bute decision-making field.We use the intuitionistic fuzzy r.ugh envir.nment’s ar.hitectur. to cr.ate a novel str.tegy in situation involving sever.l decision-maker. and non-weighted data.Additionally,we developed a novel technique by combining the IFSs with quater.ion number..We establish a unique connection between alter.atives and qualities by using intuitionistic fuzzy quater.ion number.(IFQNs).With the help of this fr.mewor.,we can simulate uncer.ainty in r.al-wor.d situations and addr.ss a number.of decision-making pr.blems.Using the examples we have r.leased,we offer.a sophisticated and systematically constr.cted illustr.tive scenar.o that is intr.cately woven with the complexity ofmedical evaluation in

关键词： Intuitionistic fuzzy set quater.ion number. fuzzy logic decision-making r.ugh set

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Sepsis Pr.diction Using CNNBDLSTM and Tempor.l Der.vatives Featur. Extr.ction in the IoT Medical Envir.nment

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Computer., Mater.als & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1157-1185页

作者： Sapiah Sakr. Shakila Basheer.Zuhair. Muhammad Zain Nur.l Halimatul Asmak Ismail Dua’Abdellatef Nassar.manal Abdullah Alohali Mais Ayman Alhar.ki Depar.ment of Infor.ation Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Depar.ment of Computer.Science and Infor.ation Technology Applied CollegePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Backgr.und:Sepsis,a potentially fatal inflammator. disease tr.gger.d by infection,car.ies significant healthimplications wor.dwide.Timely detection is cr.cial as sepsis can r.pidly escalate if left undetected.r.centadvancements in deep lear.ing(DL)offer.power.ul tools to addr.ss this challenge.Aim:Thus,this study pr.poseda hybr.d CNNBDLSTM,a combination of a convolutional neur.l networ.(CNN)with a bi-dir.ctional long shor.ter.memor.(BDLSTM)model to pr.dict sepsis onset.Implementing the pr.posed model pr.vides a r.bustfr.mewor. that capitalizes on the complementar. str.ngths of both ar.hitectur.s,r.sulting in mor. accur.te andtimelier.pr.dictions.Method:The sepsis pr.diction method pr.posed her. utilizes tempor.l featur. extr.ction todelineate six distinct time fr.mes befor. the onset of sepsis.These time fr.mes adher. to the sepsis-3 standar.r.quir.ment,which incor.or.tes 12-h obser.ation windows pr.ceding sepsis onset.All models wer. tr.ined usingthe Medical Infor.ation Mar. for.Intensive Car. III(MIMIC-III)dataset,which sour.ed 61,522 patients with 40clinical var.ables obtained fr.m the IoT medical envir.nment.The confusion matr.x,the ar.a under.the r.ceiver.per.ting char.cter.stic cur.e(AUCr.C)cur.e,the accur.cy,the pr.cision,the F1-scor.,and the r.call wer.deployed to evaluate themodels.r.sult:The CNNBDLSTMmodel demonstr.ted super.or.per.or.ance compar.dto the benchmar. and other.models,achieving an AUCr.C of 99.74%and an accur.cy of 99.15%one hour.befor.sepsis onset.These r.sults indicate that the CNNBDLSTM model is highly effective in pr.dicting sepsis onset,par.icular.y within a close pr.ximity of one hour.Implication:The r.sults could assist pr.ctitioner. in incr.asingthe potential sur.ival of the patient one hour.befor. sepsis onset.

关键词： Tempor.l der.vatives hybr.d deep lear.ing pr.dicting sepsis onset MIMIC III machine lear.ing(ML) deep lear.ing

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COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Pr.gnant Women: A Knowledge, Attitude, and Per.eived r.sks Sur.ey in Lusaka, Zambia

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Phar.acology & Phar.acy 2024年第5期15卷 147-166页

作者： Stewar. Mudenda r.th Mbewe manal Hadi Ghaffoor. Kanaan Shafiq Mohamed Depar.ment of Phar.acy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Depar.ment of Agr.cultur. Technical Institute of Suwaria Middle Technical University Baghdad Iraq Medicines Management and Phar.acy Ser.ices St. James University Hospital Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds United Kingdom

Intr.duction: The cor.navir.s disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease of the r.spir.tor. tr.ct caused by SAr.-CoV-2. Since its emer.ence, ther. have been incr.ased r.tes of tr.nsmission and spr.ad, mor.idity and mor.ality which led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines to addr.ss the pandemic. This study assessed acceptance, knowledge, attitude, and per.eived r.sks r.gar.ing COVID-19 vaccines among pr.gnant women attending antenatal car. at two Fir.t-Level Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Mater.als and Methods: This was a cr.ss-sectional study that was conducted among 241 pr.gnant women using a questionnair. fr.m August 2023 to October.2023 in two Fir.t-Level Hospitals in Lusaka distr.ct, Zambia. The collected data wer. analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for.Social Sciences (SPSS) ver.ion 22.0. Statistical analysis was per.or.ed using a Chi-squar. test. The statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence level. r.sults: Of the 241 par.icipants, 107 (42.7%) wer. aged between 24 and 34 year.. Over.ll, 64.3% accepted the COVID-19 vaccines, of which 122 (50.6%) wer. alr.ady vaccinated. Fur.her. 203 (84.6%) of the pr.gnant women had good knowledge, and 199 (82.6%) had positive attitudes towar.s COVID-19 vaccines. However. 58.5% thought COVID-19 vaccines wer. not safe and could cause infer.ility. Alongside this, 70.1% thought that COVID-19 vaccines wer. har.ful dur.ng pr.gnancy. Having good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines was associated with age (p = 0.049), education status (p = 0.001), and employment status (p = 0.001). Having a positive attitude towar.s COVID-19 vaccines was associated with education status (p = 0.001) and employment status (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study found that most pr.gnant women had good knowledge, and positive attitudes, and the major.ty accepted the COVID-19 vaccine. Encour.gingly, most of the pr.gnant women who accepted the COVID-19 vaccines wer. alr.ady vaccinated. Most pr.gnant women thought that COVID-19 vaccines had side effects, wer. not safe, and could be har.ful d

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccines Pr.gnant Women Vaccine Acceptance Vaccine Hesitancy Zambia

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r.tur. to Dialysis after.Kidney Gr.ft Failur.

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Open Jour.al of Nephr.logy 2024年第2期14卷 240-252页

作者： Ikr.m Ftaimi Soukaina Sakab manal Chattahi Tar.k Bouattar.Loubna Benamar.r.bia Bayahia Naima Ouzeddoun Ser.ice de Nphr.logie-Dialyse-Tr.nsplantationr.ale CHU Ibn Sina Rabat Universit Mohammed V Rabat Morocco

Intr.duction: The tr.nsition per.od fr.m r.nal tr.nsplantation to dialysis is associated with high mor.idity and mor.ality. The aim of this study is to descr.be the clinical and par.clinical char.cter.stics, ther.peutic management and evolutionar. pr.file of patients r.tur.ing to dialysis after.kidney gr.ft failur.. Mater.al and Methods: This was a r.tr.spective, descr.ptive study conducted in the Nephr.logy-Dialysis-r.nal Tr.nsplant Depar.ment at univer.ity hospital IbnSina between Januar. 1998 and December.2021. We included all r.nal tr.nsplant r.cipients who had exper.enced kidney gr.ft dysfunction and r.tur.ed to dialysis. Patients with a follow-up after.r.tur. to dialysis of less than 1 year.wer. excluded. r.sults: Among 166 r.nal tr.nsplant r.cipients, 20 r.tur.ed to dialysis after.a median r.nal gr.ft life of 85.5 months [42 - 186], cor.esponding to a pr.valence of 12%. The mean age of our.patients was 38.7 ± 11.9 year., with a M/F sex r.tio of 2.3. Dialysis was initiated ur.ently in 10 patients (50%). Hemodialysis was the most commonly used modality (75%). Centr.l venous catheter.zation was used in 35% of cases, including tunneled catheter.. Gener.l condition is impair.d in all patients, with per.istent hyper.ension in 70% of cases. Mean ur.mia was 2.35 ± 0.8 g/l, mean cr.atinine 116 ± 48.3 mg/l, giving a mean GFr.of 5.1 ± 2.2 ml/min. Mean albuminemia was 32.9 ± 6 g/l and mean hemoglobinemia 8.6 ± 1.9 g/dl. Dur.ng the fir.t year.of follow-up, none of the patients died. However. 13 patients r.quir.d hospitalization, with a mean length of stay of 15 days. Eight patients wer. hospitalized for.infections and 5 for.r.nal gr.ft intoler.nce syndr.me. After.a mean follow-up of 22 months, 6 patients wer. detr.nsplanted following gr.ft necr.sis. Conclusion: r.tur. to dialysis after.r. is fr.ught with a high r.te of complications. The management of these patients must be optimized to impr.ve their.vital pr.gnosis and quality of life.

关键词： Kidney Gr.ft Failur. Dialysis Detr.nsplantation Immunosuppr.ssion

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Juvenile Xanthogr.nuloma: A Case r.por. with Liter.tur. r.view

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Open Jour.al of Pediatr.cs 2024年第3期14卷 531-535页

作者： Ayad Ghanam manal Azizi Hind Zahir. Aziza El Ouali Abdeladim Babakhouya Mar.a r.ain Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs Mohammed VI University Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed First University Oujda Morocco

Juvenile xanthogr.nuloma (XGJ) is the most common for. of non-Langer.ansian histiocytosis. We r.por. a pediatr.c case of multiple XGJ without viscer.l involvement in a 6-month-old female infant who was hospitalized with disseminated congenital skin nodules, of fir. consistency, of var.able diameter.r.nging fr.m a few millimetr.s to 1 cm, involving the face, scalp, tr.nk and limbs. Ther. was no mucosal localization. The r.mainder.of the somatic examination was unr.mar.able. The diagnosis of disseminated XGJ was confir.ed by skin biopsy without viscer.l or.systemic involvement. Ther.peutic abstention was r.commended. This obser.ation under.ines the fact that XGJ is a r.r. clinical entity that should not be over.ooked when faced with congenital skin nodules.

关键词： Cutaneous Nodules Juvenile Xanthogr.nuloma Child

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Analysis of Hospital Mor.ality Data: The r.le of Dr.’s

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Open Jour.al of Statistics 2019年第1期9卷 62-73页

作者： Mohamed M. Shoukr. Sar. N. Algahtani Abdelmoneim M. Eldali manal r. almarzouqi Saleh M. Al-Ageel Depar.ment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada King Fahd Medical City Riyadh KSA Depar.ment of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Scientific Computing King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh KSA

Backgr.und: Factor. associated with hospital mor.ality ar. usually identified and their.effects ar. quantified thr.ugh statistical modeling. To guide the choice of the best statistical model, we fir.t quantify the pr.dictive ability of each model and then use the CIHI index to see if the hospital policy needs any change. Objectives: The main pur.ose of this study compar.d thr.e statistical models in the evaluation of the association between hospital mor.ality and two r.sk factor., namely subject’s age at admission and the length of stay, adjusting for.the effect of Diagnostic r.lated Gr.ups (Dr.). Methods: We use sever.l SAS pr.cedur.s to quantify the effect of Dr. on the var.ability in hospital mor.ality. These pr.cedur.s ar. the Logistic r.gr.ssion model (ignor.ng the Dr. effect), the Gener.lized Estimating Equation (GEE) that takes into account the within Dr. cluster.ng effect (but the within cluster.cor.elation is tr.ated as nuisance par.meter., and the Gener.lized Linear.Mixed Model (GLIMMIX). We showed that the GLIMMIX is super.or.to other.models as it pr.per.y accounts for.the cluster.ng effect of “Diagnostic r.lated Gr.ups” denoted by Dr.. r.sults: The GLM pr.cedur. showed that the pr.por.ional contr.bution of Dr. is 16%. All thr.e models showed significant and incr.asing tr.nd in mor.ality (P r.spect to the two r.sk factor. (age at admission, and hospital length of stay). It was also clear.that the CIHI index was not differ.nt under.the thr.e models. We r.-estimated the models par.meter. after.dichotomizing the r.sk factor. at the optimal cut-off points, using the r.C cur.e. The par.meter. estimates and their.significance did not change.

关键词： Diagnostic r.lated Gr.ups Intr.-Cluster Cor.elation GEE Models GLIMMIX Models Odds r.tios r.C Cur.es

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Cor.elation between DKK-1 Level and Bone Density Status in Childr.n on Maintenance Haemodialysis

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Open Jour.al of Nephr.logy 2024年第1期14卷 48-61页

作者： manal Abd El-Salam Mar.a Mohamed Anwar.r.sha Mahmoud Gouda Naglaa Abou El Fattah Nadia Youssef r.ad Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs Faculty of Medicine (For Girls) Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Faculty of Medicine (For Girls) Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt Depar.ment of Clinical Pathology National Heart Institute Cairo Egypt

Backgr.und: r.nal osteodystr.phy (r.D) is a bone disor.er.r.sulting fr.m chr.nic kidney disease (CKD) and r.lated metabolic diseases. Dickkopf-r.lated pr.tein-1 (DKK-1) is cr.tical in r.gulating bone biology. This study aimed to evaluate the ser.m DKK-1 level as a bone mar.er.in childr.n with CKD who under.o r.gular.hemodialysis (HD). Subjects and Methods: This case-contr.l study involved 40 childr.n with CKD on HD and 40 healthy childr.n as contr.ls. The study measur.d ser.m DKK-1 levels and per.or.ed a dual-ener.y X-r.y absor.tiometr. scan (DEXA) in line with r.utine labor.tor. investigations. r.sults: Ther. was a significant incr.ase in the ser.m level of DKK-1 in the patient gr.up compar.d to the contr.l gr.up. The DKK-1 levels wer. 2540.65 (2215.4 - 2909.2) pg/ml and 1110.45 (885.45 - 1527.65) pg/ml, r.spectively, with a p-value of less than 0.001. In the hemodialysis gr.up, 25 patients (62.5%) had low bone miner.l density (BMD) with a Z-scor. of under.-2.0. Eighteen of these patients had low BMD in both the neck of the femur.and lumbar.spines. Additionally, ther. was a significant incr.ase in ser.m DKK-1 level in patients with low BMD (2567.35 (2303.8 - 3108.1) pg/ml) compar.d to patients with nor.al BMD (2454 (1859 - 2820) pg/ml) (p = 0.041). Ther. was also a significant positive cor.elation between DKK1 level and phosphor.s, alkaline phosphatase, and Par.thor.one ser.m levels. In conclusion, the study indicates a clear.cor.elation between DKK-1 and BMD in childr.n under.oing maintenance hemodialysis. DKK1 is a pr.mising biomar.er.for.CKD-MBD.

关键词： DKK-1 Childr.n Haemodialysis Bone Density Status

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Evolving str.tegies: Enhancements in managing eosinophilic esophagitis in pediatr.c patients

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Wor.d Jour.al of Clinical Pediatr.cs 2024年第1期13卷 14-22页

作者： Ahmed Elghoudi Doaa Zour.b Eman Al Atr.sh Fatima Alshamsi manal Alkatheer. Hassib Nar.hi r.na Bitar Depar.ment of Pediatr.c Sheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Division of Pediatr.c Gastr.enter.logy Sheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Pediatr.c r.sidency Pr.gr.m Sheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates UniversityAlainAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a newly r.cognized disease fir.t descr.bed about 50 year. ago.The definition,diagnosis,and management have evolved with new published consensus guidelines and newly appr.ved tr.atment available to pediatr.cians,enabling a better.under.tanding of this disease and mor. tar.eted tr.atment for.patients.We descr.be the definition,pr.sentation,and diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis including management,challenges,and futur. dir.ctions in childr.n.The definition,diagnosis,and management of eosinophilic esophagitis have evolved over.the last 50 year..Consensus guidelines and newly appr.ved biologic tr.atment have enabled pediatr.cians to better.under.tand this disease and allow for.mor. tar.eted tr.atment for.patients.We descr.be the definition,pr.sentation,diagnosis,management,and tr.atment in addition to the challenges and futur. dir.ctions of eosinophilic esophagitis management in childr.n.

关键词： Eosinophilic esophagitis Esophagitis Gastr.esophageal r.flux disease Food aller.y Dysphagia

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r.abdomyosar.oma in Childr.n: About 10 Cases

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Open Jour.al of Pediatr.cs 2024年第3期14卷 522-530页

作者： Ayad Ghanam manal Azizi Hind Zahir. Houssain Benhaddou Imane Kamaoui Amal Bennani Aziza El Ouali Abdeladim Babakhouya Mar.a r.ain Noufissa Benajiba Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs Mohammed VI University Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed First University Oujda Morocco Depar.ment of Pediatr.c Sur.er. Mohammed VI University Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed First University Oujda Morocco Depar.ment of r.diology Mohammed VI University Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed First University Oujda Morocco Depar.ment of Anatomopathology Mohammed VI University Hospital Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Mohammed First University Oujda Morocco

Intr.duction: r.abdomyosar.oma (r.S) is a malignant soft-tissue tumor.ar.sing fr.m str.ated muscle cells. It accounts for.60% - 70% of malignant mesenchymal tumor. and 5% of pediatr.c cancer.. Two-thir.s of these cancer. ar. diagnosed in childr.n under.6 year. of age, with a slight male pr.dominance. Mater.als and Methods: This is a r.tr.spective descr.ptive study of 10 cases of r.S collected in the pediatr.c hematology and oncology depar.ment of the Oujda univer.ity hospital, over.a 5-year.per.od, r.nning fr.m Januar. 2018 to December.2022. r.sults: The median age at diagnosis was 3 year., with a sex r.tio of 1. The mean time to diagnosis was 2 months. The most common site was the head and neck (50%), followed by the genitour.nar. tr.ct (20%), the extr.mities (20%) and finally the abdomen (10%). The most fr.quent mode of discover. was a mass or.swelling found in 90% of patients (all sites included), followed by exophthalmos in 30% of cases. At the diagnostic stage, CT scans wer. per.or.ed in 70% of cases and Mr. in 5 patients (50%). Histological diagnosis was deter.ined by immunohistochemical pathology in all our.patients, with a pr.dominance of embr.onal (70%) ver.us alveolar.(20%) and spindle cell types (10%). All patients under.ent an extension wor.up, and a cer.ico-thor.co-abdominopelvic CT was per.or.ed in all patients (100%);Mr. was per.or.ed in 2 patients (20%);lymph node involvement was pr.sent in 5 patients (50%). Metastases at the time of diagnosis wer. noted in only 1 patient (10%), who simultaneously pr.sented with two metastatic sites;testicular.and abdominal wall. Sixty per.ent of patients pr.sented with advanced disease (high r.sk) and 40% with standar. r.sk. Chemother.py was used in all patients (100%), with upfr.nt tumor.r.section per.or.ed in 40%. Fifty per.ent of patients r.ceived r.diother.py at a mean dose of 43 Gy, with the or.it the most fr.quently ir.adiated ar.a (30%). All patients under.ent CTscan and/or.Mr. and/or.ultr.sound sur.eillance. Follow-up dur.ng and after.tr.atment was mar.ed

关键词： r.abdomyosar.oma Child Chemother.py Sur.er. r.diother.py

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Insights into the anor.xic mechanism of Khat:an integr.ted in vivo,ex vivo,and in silico investigations

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Tr.ditional Medicine r.sear.h 2024年第10期9卷 36-51页

作者： Ahmed Ali Jer.h manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha Abdullah Far.sani Sivakumar.Sivagur.nathan Moni Emad Sayed Shaheen Andleeb Khan Ibr.him Abdo Khar.ali Magbool Or.iby Heyam Mohamed Ali Sidahmed Siddig Ibr.him Abdelwahab Depar.ment of Medical Labor.tor. Technology College of Applied Medical SciencesJazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Health r.sear.h Centr. Jazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Depar.ment of Phar.aceutics College of PharmacyJazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Depar.ment of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceIntegral UniversityLucknow 226026India Poison Contr.l and Medical For.nsic Chemistr. Center General Directorate of Health AffairsJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Depar.ment of Phar.aceutical Chemistr. Faculty of PharmacyAl-Neelain UniversityKhartoum 16458Sudan

Backgr.und:Chewing Khat(Catha edulis)r.leases cathine and cathinone,which may r.duce appetite via an unknown mechanism.This study investigated the per.pher.l and centr.l effects of fr.sh leaves and buds of Catha edulis water.extr.ct(CEWE)on appetite biomar.er.,gene expr.ssion,and body weight,using in vivo,ex vivo,and in silico models.Methods:r.ts of both sexes wer. or.lly administer.d CEWE at differ.nt doses and dur.tions in thr.e differ.nt exper.ments.Liquid chr.matogr.phy-mass spectr.scopy(LC-MS)-MS was used to detect cathinone and cathine in the mur.ne blood.The effect of Khat on ser.tonin r.ceptor. was studied in isolated r.t fundus samples.Docking of the two Khat ligands was per.or.ed on G(The 5-hydr.xytr.ptamine-type 2C r.ceptor.5-HT2C)in an agonist-bound active confor.ation)and H(5-HT2C in an antagonist-bound inactive confor.ation)pr.teins to deter.ine which ligands ar. most likely to act as agonists or.antagonists.r.sults:Significant differ.nces(Pr. obser.ed between the CEWE-tr.ated gr.ups and the contr.ls over.eight weeks.However.the plasma leptin and ghr.lin levels did not change significantly(P>0.05).The expr.ssion of the ghr.lin and leptin genes was also unaffected,but the expr.ssion of the 5-hydr.xytr.ptamine(5-HT)gene decr.ased(Pr.atment.CEWE antagonizes 5-HT r.ceptor. in isolated r.t fundus samples.Docking findings indicated that the khat ligands bound to 5-HT2C r.ceptor..Cathine and cathinone levels in r.t plasma wer. measur.d.Conclusion:Khat extr.ct may suppr.ss appetite by antagonizing the 5-HT r.ceptor..Fur.her.r.sear.h is r.quir.d to under.tand its mechanism and potential applications.

关键词： Catha edulis appetite leptin ghr.lin 5-hydr.xytr.ptamine molecular.docking

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