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Chronic otitis media and subsequent hearing loss in children from the Himalayan region residing in Buddhist Monastic schools of Nepal

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Journal of Otology 2020年第4期15卷 144-148页

作者： Milan Maharjan Samjhana Phuyal mana shrestha Rosy Bajracharya Ear Care Nepal JawalakhelLalitpur-4Nepal

Objectives:The main objective of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of chronic otitis media and determine the corresponding hearing loss in children from Nepal’s Himalayan region now residing in Buddhist Monastic schools of ***:The study was conducted among children at Buddhist monastic school in different parts of Nepal.A total of 3174 children aged between 5 and 15 years,who were originally from the Himalayan region of Nepal and were currently residing in monastic schools,were screened for ear problems and hearing *** were examined by otoscope to diagnose chronic otitis *** was evaluated by pure tone audiometer,and 0.5e4 kHz air conduction hearing threshold was measured and ***:Of the total of 3174 children who were screened for ear diseases and hearing loss,monks constituted 76.21%(n?2419)and Nuns 23.78%(n?755).Chronic otitis media was the most common otoscopic finding during the screening,and it affected a total of 344(10.83%)*** of these 344,hearing loss of varying degrees was observed in 5.42%(n?172)***:There is high prevalence of chronic otitis media in children belonging to the Himalayan region of Nepal,and it is the main cause of avoidable hearing *** diagnosis and treatment of chronic otitis media could prevent unnecessary hearing loss in these children.

关键词： Chronic otitis media Hearing loss School children Nepal,prevalence

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Evaluation of Productive and Reproductive Performance of Cattle in Major Dairy Production Area of Chitwan and Nawalparasi Districts

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2016年第1期6卷 69-75页

作者： Uddhav Paneru Mohan Sharma mana Raj Kolachhapati Bhola Shanker shrestha Nepal Agricultural Research Council Regional Agricultural Research Station Lumle 33711 Nepal Agriculture and Forestry University Rampur 44209 Nepal Nepal Agricultural Research Station Khumaltar 44703 Nepal

A study was conducted to determine the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle reared in major milk production area of Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal, as well as determining the existing breeding scenario of cattle farming followed by the farmers. Five years （2008-2012） of data of 728 animals send to data management section of Animal Breeding Division under Dairy Cattle Improvement Program （DCIP） were reviewed and analyzed. Similarly, monthly data recording of 380 animals taken from May 2012 to April 2013 were used to find out information on reproductive performance. Average milk yield, fat percentage and protein percentage of cattle were observed 2,841 ± 84.9 kg, 4.43% ± 0.66% and 3.33% ± 0.17%, respectively, and the effect of genotype on these traits were found significant （P 〈 0.001, P 〈 0.001 and P 〈 0.01, respectively）. Similarly, calving interval, post-partum estrus, post-partum conception, age at maturity and age at first calving were observed 422.8 ± 7.71, 108.9 ± 6.13, 149.93 ± 27.04, 498.5 ±16.32 and 816.0 ±17.41 d, respectively. Age at maturity and age at first calving was significantly affected by genotype （P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05, respectively）. In addition, average number of insemination per conception was observed 1.38 in survey household. Breeding system of cattle followed by the farmers were found satisfactory in the survey household, but needs gradual improvement. It was observed that offspring of cross between Jersey and Holstein performed better in terms of productive and reproductive performance in farmer managed condition of Nepal. Therefore, rotational crossing of Jersey and Holstein for maintaining blood level between 50% and 75% of either breed is the best choice for farmers.

关键词： Calving interval post-partum estrus rotational crossing blood level.

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