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Efficacy of Vaccine Protection Against COVID-19 Virus Infection in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第3期11卷 718-735页

作者： Carmen Ka man Cheung Kimmy Wan Tung law Alvin Wing Hin law man fai law Rita Ho Sunny Hei Wong Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales HospitalHong KongChina West Island School Hong KongChina Department of Medicine North District HospitalHong KongChina Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChinaLee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 is a use-ful weapon to combat the virus. Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs), including compensated or decompensated liver cirrhosis and noncirrhotic diseases, have a decreased immunologic response to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. At the same time, they have increased mortality if infected. Current data show a reduction in mortality when patients with chronic liver diseases are vaccinated. A suboptimal vac-cine response has been observed in liver transplant recipi-ents, especially those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, so an early booster dose is recommended to achieve a better protective effect. Currently, there are no clinical data com-paring the protective efficacy of different vaccines in patients with chronic liver diseases. Patient preference, availability of the vaccine in the country or area, and adverse effect profiles are factors to consider when choosing a vaccine. There have been reports of immune-mediated hepatitis after coronavi-rus disease 2019 vaccination, and clinicians should be aware of that potential side effect. Most patients who developed hepatitis after vaccination responded well to treatment with prednisolone, but an alternative type of vaccine should be considered for subsequent booster doses. Further prospec-tive studies are required to investigate the duration of immu-nity and protection against different viral variants in patients with chronic liver diseases or liver transplant recipients, as well as the effect of heterologous vaccination.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Chronic liver disease Liver transplanta-tion Vaccine mRNA.

Prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hematological malignancies in the targeted therapy era

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第33期29卷 4942-4961页

作者： Joyce Wing Yan Mak Alvin Wing Hin law Kimmy Wan Tung law Rita Ho Carmen Ka man Cheung man fai law Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong 852China West Island School Hong Kong 852China Department of Medicine North District HospitalHong Kong 852China

Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation can be serious and potentially fatal,but is *** reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving chemotherapy,especially rituximab-containing therapy for hematological malignancies and those receiving stem cell *** with inactive and even resolved HBV infection still have persistence of HBV genomes in the *** expression of these silent genomes is controlled by the immune *** or ablation of immune cells,most importantly B cells,may lead to reactivation of seemingly resolved HBV ***,all patients with hematological malignancies receiving anticancer therapy should be screened for active or resolved HBV infection by blood tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and antibody to hepatitis B core *** found to be positive for HBsAg should be given prophylactic antiviral *** patients with resolved HBV infection,there are two *** first is pre-emptive therapy guided by serial HBV DNA monitoring,and treatment with antiviral therapy as soon as HBV DNA becomes *** second approach is prophy-lactic antiviral therapy,particularly for patients receiving high-risk therapy,especially anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody or hematopoietic stem cell *** and tenofovir are the preferred antiviral *** new effective therapies for hematological malignancies have been introduced in the past decade,for example,chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy,novel monoclonal antibodies,bispecific antibody drug conjugates,and small molecule inhibitors,which may be associated with HBV *** there is limited evidence to guide the optimal preventive measures,we recommend antivi-ral prophylaxis in HBsAg-positive patients receiving novel treatments,including Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors,B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors,and CAR-T cell *** studies are needed to determine the risk o

关键词： Hepatitis B Hematologic neoplasms Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy Monoclonal antibodies Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors Antiviral agents

Spreadsheet quality assurance:a literature review

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第2期18卷 61-82页

作者： Pak-Lok POON man fai LAU Yuen Tak YU Sau-Fun TANG School of Engineering and Technology Central Queensland UniversityMelbourne 3000Australia Department of Computing Technologies Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn 3122Australia Department of Computer Science City University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital East Melbourne 3002Australia

Spreadsheets are very common for information processing to support decision making by both professional developers and non-technical end ***,business intelligence and artificial intelligence are increasingly popular in the industry nowadays,where spreadsheets have been used as,or integrated into,intelligent or expert systems in various application ***,it has been repeatedly reported that faults often exist in operational spreadsheets,which could severely compromise the quality of conclusions and decisions based on the *** a view to systematically examining this problem via survey of existing work,we have conducted a comprehensive literature review on the quality issues and related techniques of spreadsheets over a 35.5-year period(from January 1987 to June 2022)for target journals and a 10.5-year period(from January 2012 to June 2022)for target *** other findings,two major ones are:(a)Spreadsheet quality is best addressed throughout the whole spreadsheet life cycle,rather than just focusing on a few specific stages of the life cycle.(b)Relatively more studies focus on spreadsheet testing and debugging(related to fault detection and removal)when compared with spreadsheet specification,modeling,and design(related to development).As prevention is better than cure,more research should be performed on the early stages of the spreadsheet life *** by our comprehensive review,we have identified the major research gaps as well as highlighted key research directions for future work in the area.

关键词： decision support system end-user computing end-user programming Excel spreadsheet

Mg/MgO interfaces as efficient hydrogen evolution cathodes causing accelerated corrosion of additive manufactured Mg alloys:A DFT analysis

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 110-119页

作者： man-fai Ng Kai Xiang Kuah Teck Leong Tan Daniel John Blackwood Department of Materials Science&Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117575Republic of Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16 ConnexisSingapore 138632Republic of Singapore

The corrosion rates of additive-manufactured Mg alloys are higher than their as-cast counterparts,possibly due to increased kinetics for the hydrogen evolution reaction on secondary phases,which may include oxide *** Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy demonstrated that MgO inclusions could act as cathodes for Mg corrosion,but their low conductivity likely precludes ***,the density of state calculations through density functional theory using hybrid HSE06 functional revealed overlapping electronic states at the Mg/MgO interface,which facilitates electron transfers and participates in redox *** determination of the hydrogen absorption energy at the Mg/MgO interface reveals it to be an excellent catalytic site,with HER being found to be a factor of 23x more efficient at the interface than on metallic *** results not only support the plausibility of the Mg/MgO interface being an effective cathode to the adjacent anodic Mg matrix during corrosion but also contribute to the understanding of the enhanced cathodic activities observed during the anodic dissolution of magnesium.

关键词： Magnesium Magnesium oxide Interface Hydrogen evolution DFT

Gastrointestinal and hepatic side effects of potential treatment for COVID-19 and vaccination in patients with chronic liver diseases

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第12期13卷 1850-1874页

作者： man fai law Rita Ho Kimmy Wan Tung law Carmen Ka man Cheung Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine North District HospitalHong KongChina West Island School Hong KongChina

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global *** clinical trials have been performed to investigate potential treatments or vaccines for this disease to reduce the high morbidity and *** drugs of higher interest include umifenovir,bromhexine,remdesivir,lopinavir/ritonavir,steroid,tocilizumab,interferon alpha or beta,ribavirin,fivapiravir,nitazoxanide,ivermectin,molnupiravir,hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin,and ***(GI)symptoms and liver dysfunction are frequently seen in patients with COVID-19,which can make it difficult to differentiate disease manifestations from treatment adverse *** symptoms of COVID-19 include anorexia,dyspepsia,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea and abdominal *** injury can be a result of systemic inflammation or cytokine storm,or due to the adverse drug effects in patients who have been receiving different *** monitoring of liver function should be ***-19 vaccines have been rapidly developed with different technologies including mRNA,viral vectors,inactivated viruses,recombinant DNA,protein subunits and live attenuated *** with chronic liver disease or inflammatory bowel disease and liver transplant recipients are encouraged to receive vaccination as the benefits outweigh the *** against COVID-19 is also recommended to family members and healthcare professionals caring for these patients to reduce exposure to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus.

关键词： COVID-19 treatment Gastrointestinal side effects Hepatic side effects COVID-19 vaccine Chronic liver disease Liver transplantation

A Multi-Channel CMOS Analog Front-End Interface IC with 157.8 d B Current Detection Dynamic Range

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 393-402页

作者： Kunyu WANG Wenjing XU Chengbin ZHANG Yanjun YANG man-Kay law Li ZHOU Jie CHEN Ming CHEN Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Zunyi Normal University Institute of Microelectronics and Dept.of ECE FST University of Macau

A high dynamic range and low-noise CMOS(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor)front-end interface integrated circuit(IC) with multi-channel detection is presented in this paper. Two different current detection channels, composed of a trans-impedance amplifier(TIA) and an integrator-differentiator TIA, are used to boost the current detection range. A capacitance-coupled instrument amplifier(CCIA) is also included to realize high precision voltage detection. A fourth-order sigma-delta modulator using a second-order loop filter and a second-order noise shaping integral quantizer is adopted to realize effective number of bits above 16 bits. The presented interface IC is implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS process with supply voltage of 3.3 V, and a proto-type electrochemical sensor platform with miniaturized sensor array is developed to verify the functionality of the interface IC. Measurement results indicate that the designed interface IC achieves 157.8 d B current detection dynamic range, and the measured input-referred current noise and voltage noise floor are 1.04 p A and 58.4 n V within 10 k Hz integration bandwidths,respectively.

关键词： Integrated circuits Sigma-delta modulation Semiconductor device measurement Voltage measurement Current measurement Noise Bandwidth

A prospective cohort of men with localized prostate cancer on active surveillance protocol in Hong Kong,China:what did we learn?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 245-249页

作者： Xiaobo Wu Ivan Ching-Ho Ko Cindy Yeuk-Lam Hong Samuel Chi-Hang Yee Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh Samson Yun-Sang Chan Ho-man Tam Chi-Kwok Chan Chi-fai Ng Peter Ka-Fung Chiu SH Ho Urology Centre Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

This study aimed to report the outcomes of active surveillance(AS)in the management of low-risk prostate cancer(PCa).It recruited87 men who were prospectively followed up according to the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance(PRIAS)protocol with local adaptation at SH Ho Urology Centre,Prince of Wales Hospital,Hong Kong,*** investigated the predictorsof disease progression and found that baseline prostate-specific antigen density(PSAD)and the presence of the highest ProstateImaging-Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)score 5 lesion on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are significantly correlatedwith disease ***,men with PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)or PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions had significantly worse upgradingfree survival compared to those with PSAD≤0.2 ng ml−2 and PI-RADS 2 or 3 *** study concludes that AS is a safe andeffective management strategy for selected patients to defer radical treatment and that most disease progression can be detectedafter the first repeated *** combination of PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)and PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions may serve as a useful predictorof early disease progression and provide a guide to optimize follow-up protocols for men in different risk groups.

关键词： active surveillance cohort localized prostate cancer

Rare case of intussusception in an adult with acute myeloid leukemia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第2期21卷 688-693页

作者： man fai law Cheuk Kei Wong Chun Yin Pang Hay Nun Chan Ho Kei Lai Chung Yin Ha Celia Ng Yiu Ming Yeung Sze fai Yip Department of Medicine Tuen Mun Hospital Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales Hospital Department of Radiology Kwong Wah Hospital Department of Pathology Tuen Mun Hospital

Intussusception is rarely reported in adult patients with acute leukemia. We report a case of intussusception in a 29-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia(AML). She developed right lower quadrant pain, fever, and vomiting on day 16 of induction *** examination showed tenderness and guarding at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography(CT) showed distension of the cecum and ascending colon, which were filled with loops of small bowel, and herniation of the ileocecal valve into the cecum. We proceeded to laparotomy and revealed ileocecal intussusception with the ileocecal valve as the leading point. The terminal ileum was thickened and invaginated into the cecum, which showed gangrenous changes. Right hemicolectomy was performed and microscopic examination of the colonic tissue showed infiltration of leukemic cells. The patient recovered after the operation and was subsequently able to continue treatment for AML. This case demonstrates that the diagnosis of intussusception is difficult because the presenting symptoms can be non-specific, but abdominal CT can be informative for preoperative diagnosis. Resection of the involved bowel is recommended when malignancy is suspected or confirmed. Intussusception should be considered in any leukemia patients presenting with acute abdomen. A high index of clinical suspicion is important for early diagnosis.

关键词： Intussusception Acute leukemia Abdominal pain Colo

Prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hematological malignancies treated with anticancer therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第28期22卷 6484-6500页

作者： man fai law Rita Ho Carmen KM Cheung Lydia HP Tam Karen Ma Kent CY So Bonaventure Ip Jacqueline So Jennifer Lai Joyce Ng Tommy HC Tam Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong China Department of Medicine North District HospitalHong Kong China

Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus(HBV) reactivation can be severe and potentially fatal, but is preventable. HBV reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy, especially rituximabcontaining therapy for hematological malignancies and those receiving stem cell transplantation. All patients with hematological malignancies receiving anticancer therapy should be screened for active or resolved HBV infection by blood tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBs Ag) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen(antiHBc). Patients found to be positive for HBs Ag should be given prophylactic antiviral therapy to prevent HBV reactivation. For patients with resolved HBV infection, no standard strategy has yet been established to prevent HBV reactivation. There are usually two options. One is pre-emptive therapy guided by serial HBV DNA monitoring, whereby antiviral therapy is given as soon as HBV DNA becomes detectable. However, there is little evidence regarding the optimal interval and period of monitoring. An alternative approach is prophylactic antiviral therapy, especially for patients receiving highrisk therapy such as rituximab, newer generation of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, obinutuzumab or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This strategy may effectively prevent HBV reactivation and avoid the inconvenience of repeated HBV DNA monitoring. Entecavir or tenofovir are preferred over lamivudine as prophylactic therapy. Although there is no well-defined guideline on the optimal duration of prophylactic therapy, there is growing evidence to recommend continuing prophylactic antiviral therapy for at least 12 mo after cessation of chemotherapy, and even longer for those who receive rituximab or who had high serum HBV DNA levels before the start of immunosuppressive therapy. many novel agents have recently become available for the treatment of hematological malignancies, and these agents may be associated with HBV reactivation. Although ther

关键词： Hepatitis B virus reactivation Hematological malignancies Rituximab Hematopoietic stem cell transpla