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Spatial Configuration of Traditional Dwellings in Riyadh al-Khabra Traditional Town, Saudi Arabia

World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第2期10卷 272-291页

作者： mamdouh mohammed al-harbi Nashwan al-Ansi mohammed alrubayan Department of Architecture College of Architecture and Planning Qassim University Buraydah Saudi Arabia

Traditional buildings, particularly residential dwellings, are spatio-temporal reflections of the society and culture in which they were originally sited. Understanding the nature of this built heritage thus fosters interpretation of previous generations’ experiences in these older settlements, all of which can thus be described as products of several different cultural dimensions. Qassim province, which sits in the central province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is distinguished by having retained various traditional towns and villages, including multiple dwellings representing important eras in the past. However, due to the local population’s abandonment of these traditional towns and movement to new urban areas, and related failures in conservation and restoration, some of these towns have lost many of their unique characteristics, especially with regard to their dwellings. This research thus attempts to interpret the relationships between the spatial configuration of traditional dwellings in Saudi Arabia and their socio-cultural principles and values, focusing on decoding their interior spatial constants and genotypes. The study proposes the use of space syntax theory, represented by the justified plan graph method, as an appropriate socio-spatial methodology for such work, targeting the traditional town of Riyadh al-Khabra in Qassim province as a case study area, with eight dwellings built between 1900 and 1940 used as examples. Interpretation of analysis results enabled defining spatial constants digitally in these traditional dwellings through the benefit of syntactic analysis techniques, and the main findings of this research reveal the significance of various social and cultural factors and customs among inhabitants with regard to determining the spatial form and properties of traditional dwellings in towns such as Riyadh al-Khabra.

关键词： Traditional Dwellings Socio-Cultural Space Syntax Spatial Configuration Justified Plan Graphs Riyadh al-Khabra Town

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Occupational health risks among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: preparing for the future pandemics

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Nursing Communications 2024年第2期8卷 1-5页

作者： Reham Suliman al Kharyef Aisha ali al harbi mohammed Abdelhamied Genedy Mohamed K.M.Khalil Suliman Mohamed al Eidi Ministry of Health Riyadh 13352Saudi Arabia Consultant Public Health and Research Development.Cairo 11728 Egypt

Background:This study aimed to assess the occupational risks encountered by Healthcare Workers(HCWs)in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 ***:A cross-sectional survey was carried out from May to October *** a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique,an online questionnaire was sent to the recruited HCWs,across Saudi ***:Of the 768 HCWs recruited,702 participated in the survey.A significant majority(over 80%)reported working beyond 8 hours ***-19 infection,confirmed via PCR,was identified in 25%of the ***,infection was significantly correlated with direct or close contact(p=0.0007).Psychological distress was reported by 81%,with anxiety being the most prevalent(33%),followed by stress(19%),depression(17%),and insomnia(12%).Around 20%experienced headaches post-PPE use,while 14%reported adverse skin reactions,predominantly allergy and dermatitis.A concerning one-third of respondents reported exposure to ***:High infection rate,physical and psychological risks among HCWs especially those in direct contact with patients,reflect the need for enhancing the entirety of outbreak preparedness and response,specifically *** surveillance system,is crucial to adequately monitor and support HCWs during pandemic scenarios.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic healthcare worker risk Saudi Arabia

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Effect of cooling rate and composition on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrahigh-strength steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第12期26卷 1350-1365页

作者： mohammed ali David Porter Jukka Komi mamdouh Eissa Hoda El Faramawy Taha Mattar Materials and Mechanical Engineering Centre for Advanced Steels ResearchUniversity of OuluOulu 90014Finland Steel Technology Department Central Metallurgical Research and Development InstituteHelwanCairo 11421Egypt

The influence of cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of two new ultrahigh-strength steels(UHSSs)with different levels of C,Cr and Ni has been evaluated for the as-cooled and untempered *** UHSS had higher contents of C and Cr,while the other one had a higher Ni *** the basis of dilatation curves,microstructures,macrohardness and microhardness,continuous cooling transformation diagrams were constructed as a guide to heat treatment *** rates(CRs)of 60,1 and 0.01°C/s were selected for more detailed *** characterization was made by laser scanning confocal microscopy,field emission scanning electron microscopy combined with electron backscatter diffraction,electron probe microanalysis and X-ray *** properties were characterized using macrohardness,tensile and Charpy V-notch impact *** with the higher C and Cr contents showed lower transformation temperatures and slower bainite formation kinetics than that with the higher Ni *** cooling rates led to lower volume fractions and carbon contents of retained austenite together with finer prior austenite grain size,as well as effective final grain size and lath *** changes were accompanied by higher yield and tensile *** best combinations of strength and toughness were obtained with martensitic microstructures and by avoiding the formation of granular bainite accompanied by proeutectoid carbides at low *** the cooling rates studied,UHSS with the higher C and Cr contents showed the higher hardness and strength but at the cost of toughness.

关键词： Ultrahigh-strength steel Electroslag remelting Continuous cooling transformation diagram Microstructure feature Mechanical property

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Preliminary Comparative Physiological and Biochemical Study of Five Different Goat Breeds Inhabiting Saudi Arabia

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Natural Resources 2012年第4期3卷 206-212页

作者： mohammed Salem al-harbi Sayed Amin Mohamed Amer Department of Biology Faculty of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia Department of Biology Faculty of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt

Three arbitrary chosen enzymes were examined by native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate physiological and genetic variations among five different goat breeds inhabiting Saudi Arabia. The goat breeds were Pakistani, Tihami, Syrian, Masri and Aardi while the investigated enzymes were alkaline phosphatase (alP), malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and malic enzyme (ME). Six polymorphic loci with six monomeric alleles have been recorded in all studied breeds. The second locus of ME was characteristic of Syrian breed where it showed dimeric alleles. The similarity matrix that has been calculated according to the number of sharing bands indicated that these breeds have been divided into two groups: Pakistani and Tihami as one group while the other three breeds clustered in another group. The activity of the metabolic enzymes (Mdh and ME) showed concordance with the constructed relationship where the percentage amounts of these enzymes showed significant variations between the two groups more than that occurred within each group. Mdh was expressed in the second group more than in the first while ME showed, nearly, equal expression in the different breeds. Both genetic and physiological results agreed in clustering the studied breeds into Pakistani and Tihami in one group and the other three breeds in another group. This division was based on a few gene loci and a few sampling size and it needs to be supported by collecting more genetic data and more sampling size in a further molecular study.

关键词： Goat Breeds Electrophoresis Isoenzymes Physiology Saudi Arabia

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Tissue-Specific Isoenzyme Variations in Tilapia Fish, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>

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Natural Resources 2012年第4期3卷 201-205页

Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used to analyze malate dehydrogenase (MDH), acid phosphatase (Acph) and peroxidase (Px) isoenzymes in different tissues (liver, kidney, muscle and heart) of the tilapia fish, Oreo- chromis niloticus in order to study the tissue specificity of these isoenzymes. Three, two and one fractions have been recorded respectively for the three isoenzymes in different studied tissues. The MDH-1 and MDH-2 have been ex- pressed only in muscle and heart while MDH-3 has been expressed in all studied tissues. The percentage amount of MDH in general varied significantly between muscle and different studied tissues. With respect to acid phosphatase, the percentage amount of the total enzyme showed significant difference between liver and muscle and that this variation may be due to higher gene activity in liver. Peroxidase isoenzyme was recorded in liver and heart only with significant increase in liver. The kidney was the least among the studied tissues in showing gene expression for the studied isoenzymes and therefore, liver, heart and muscle tissues are better applicable in studying the isoenzymatic profiles for fish physiology and systematics.

关键词： Oreochromis niloticus Malate Dehydrogenase Acid Phosphatase Peroxidase Isoenzymes

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Omicron: Egyptian nurses’ knowledge and attitudes

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2022年第1期4卷 15-19页

作者： Mostafa SHABAN Marwa mamdouh SHABAN Osama RAMADAN Huda Hamdy mohammed Department of Nursing College of Applied Medical SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaSaudi Arabia Department of Community Health Nursing Faculty of NursingCairo UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Maternal and New-born Health Nursing Faculty of NursingHelwan UniversityHelwanEgypt

Objective:The current study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward the current COVID-19 pandemic and Omicron *** and Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was *** 277 Egyptian nurses completed an electronic questionnaire comprising demographics with 5 items,nurses’knowledge on Omicron with 18 questions,and nurses’attitudes on Omicron with 5 *** data collected were expressed using numbers,percentages,and mean and standard ***:The mean age of nurses was 27±5 years,nearly 50%of the nurses were bachelor *** total score of correct answers related to knowledge was 75%,showing the different degrees of knowledge about *** majority of nurses showed positive attitudes toward controlling and managing the COVID-19 ***:Egyptian nurses have average knowledge about Omicron and a positive attitude toward controlling the COVID-19 *** should be scope for further assessment to enhance understanding about ***,health education programs should be developed for nursing staff to improve information,beliefs,behaviors,and attitudes towards the Omicron variant in particular and the COVID-19 pandemic in general.

关键词： Attitude COVID-19 Egypt knowledge Omicron pandemic

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Tissue-specific isoenzyme variations in Arabian camel, <i>Camelus dromedaries</i>

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第7期3卷 863-868页

作者： mohammed S. al-harbi Sayed A. M. Amer Department of Biology Faculty of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia

Malate dehydrogenase, α-esterase and β-esterase isoenzymes have been analyzed by native polyacryla-mide gel electrophoresis in different tissues (liver, kidney, muscle and hump) of the Arabian Camel, Camelus dromedaries in order to study the tissue specificity of these isoenzymes. Malate dehy-drogenase recorded three fractions while both este-rases recorded two fractions in different studied tissues. Malate dehydrogenase was considered as a key isoenzyme in discriminating among the different studied tissues. The percentage amount of both Mdh-1 and Mdh-2 showed significant difference among the different tissues while Mdh-3 recorded significant variation between muscle and hump tissues. The significant variation in the amount of Mdh isoenzyme (on the level of either total or fractions) among the different studied tissues may reflect the role of this enzyme for energy production in this desert animal. With respect to esterases, the percentage amount for both fractions and the total enzyme did not show significant difference among different tissues except β-Est-2 which was significantly higher in hump than in muscle. This enzyme showed higher thickness and intensity in both liver and kidney than in the muscle and hump indicating its greater activity in both liver and kidney.

关键词： Electrophoresis Esterase Malate Dehydrogenase Tissue Specificity Arabian Camel

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Comparison of energy-related isoenzymes between production and racing Arabian camels

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第8期3卷 1124-1128页

作者： mohammed S. al-harbi Sayed A. M. Amer Department of Biology Faculty of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been applied for the analyses of alkaline phosphatase (alP), malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and malic (ME) isoenzymes in Arabian camel for racing and production. Two fractions for each of these isoenzymes have been recorded in the studied breeds. alP showed very weak patterns without remarkable difference between the two breeds and this is an indication to that the samples used were healthy and being from the same age. The cytosolic Mdh-1 and ME-1 have been recorded in both camel breeds with high intensity. The mitochondrial Mdh-2 and ME-2 have been recorded with small intensity in production breeds commonly. The present data indicate the necessity of the mitochondrialMdh-2 for energy production in racing breed and the responsibility of the cytosolic Mdh-1 for lipogenesis and energy production in both breeds. We therefore may assume that the appearance of both Mdh forms is necessary for both energy and lipid production in the production breeds while Mdh-1 was useful as bioenergetic enzyme necessary for racing. The different expressions are indications of the difference in the physiological adaptations of both camel breeds and are not for a systematic value.

关键词： Malate Dehydrogenase Malic Enzyme Racing Camel Production Camel Electrophoresis

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Assessment of Main Parameters of Extreme Earthquakes in Red Sea, West Coast of Saudi Arabia

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2016年第2期5卷 122-134页

作者： Said ali El- Quliti Tawfiq Bin Saeed al- harbi Mahdi Bin Salem al- Yami Ahmed Bin Matar al- Ghamdi mohammed Bin Mattar al- Shammari Department of Industrial Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah KSA Department of Geophysics at the National Center for Earthquakes and Volcanoes Saudi Geological Survey Jeddah Saudi Arabia The Company Cover Environmental Studies and Environmental Consulting in Saudi Arabia Jeddah Saudi Arabia Fire and Rescue Division of the General Directorate of Civil Defense Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Fire and Rescue Services Civil Aviation Authority Province of Hail in Saudi Arabia Jeddah Saudi Arabia

The negative effects of natural disasters on human life exist from the foot and did not occur at a specific time but found since the creation of mankind. Humans coexist with extreme events all the time, only when the intensity of the event becomes greater than a certain level there is a resulting disaster. Small earthquakes occur all of the time with no adverse effects. Only large earthquakes cause disasters. Statistical analysis reveals that larger events occur less frequently than small events. Through the large number of seismic events, we find that at the end of the year may have a series of seismic events with different values depending on the strength of activity whether it is high or low on Richter scale and the assessment is only for the greatest value in a year even if recurring this value and the volume of dangerous increases and the frequency of their occurrence according to an ongoing activity, major disasters result from a small number of events and sustained results in a large and devastating event, and can be represented by these results and amounts On a log-scale which points are almost on a straight line and a clear indication of the evaluation event. Through previous data analysis we can understand the following events behavior for coordination and guidance on the development of evacuation plans on the expected future and use a Weibull equation to estimate the frequency of the event and the return again as a percentage for each event and the probability of the occurrence of a particular earthquake to some degree on the Richter scale in the sea during any period. Past records of earthquakes at the West Coast of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Red Sea) for years 1913-2016 are used to predict future conditions concerning the annual frequency, the return period, the percentage probability for each event, and the probability of a certain-magnitude earthquake occurring in the region during any period.

关键词： Red Sea Earthquakes Assessment Saudi Arabia

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Earthquake Disaster Management Approach: The Case of al-Ais, Medina Area in Saudi Arabia

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2016年第4期5卷 219-235页

作者： Said ali El-Quliti Tawfiq Bin Saeed al-harbi Mahdi Bin Salem al-Yami Ahmed Bin Matar al-Ghamdi mohammed Bin Mattar al-Shammari Department of Industrial Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah KSA Department of Geophysics at the National Center for Earthquakes and Volcanoes Saudi Geological Survey Jeddah KSA Natural Studies and Natural Consulting Company Jeddah KSA Fire and Rescue Division of the General Directorate of Civil Defense in Jeddah Jeddah KSA Department of Fire and Rescue Services Civil Aviation Authority Province of Hail Jeddah KSA

The research tackles earthquakes as one of the most dangerous natural disasters. It defines disasters in general, which in turn include earthquakes, how to manage them, stages of their evolution, and their classification among other kinds of disasters such as hurricanes, floods, drought, desertification, etc. Afterwards, it tackles the impacts of disasters on man, buildings and infrastructure. It defines also the codes and laws existing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to confront and treat the impacts of earthquakes in their different stages (before, during and after) and the authorities involved in managing them. Then, it moves to study the case of al-Ais Earthquake, and identifies the points of deficiency in dealing with such a disaster. Moreover, the research tackles some global experiences in how to handle the situation, reaching to the presentation of a conceptual approach to confront disasters of earthquakes in their various stages.

关键词： Earthquake Disaster Management al-Ais Saudi Arabia

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