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Pneumothorax in Children: A Study of 47 Pediatric Cases at Mali Hospital 2017-2020

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期12卷 476-488页

作者： Korotoumou Wélé Diallo Bourama Kané Aboubacar Sangaré mamadou Traoré Mohamed Maba Traoré mamadou berthé Mariam Maiga Amadou Ibrahim Dramé Department of Pediatrics Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune VI Bamako Mali Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune V Bamako Mali Department of Medical Imaging Mali Hospital Bamako Mali National Institute of Public Health Bamako Mali

Objectives: Pediatric pneumothorax, whether primary or secondary (infection, trauma, or iatrogenic), is sometimes life-threatening. We tried to determine the clinical characteristics of pediatric pneumothorax in Mali. Materials and Methods: We collected all pediatric patients (0 - 15 years) admitted for pneumothorax in the pediatric department of the Mali Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. Results: During this period, a total of 5569 children aged 0 - 15 years were hospitalized, of whom 47 had pneumothorax or 0.84%. Children under 5 years of age were the most affected (80%). Dyspnea was the most common reason for hospitalization (95.7%). The causes of pneumothorax were (in order): infectious causes dominated by bullous dystrophies (70.2%), traumatic (25.5%), and iatrogenic (4.2%). Pneumothorax was compressive in 42.6%. The frequency of anemia was 79.3%. Surgical drainage was performed in 87.2% and almost all (97.6%) were treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The mean duration of hospitalization was 10.06 days (range: 0 - 35 days): 74.5% were cured while 25.5% died. Conclusions: We reconfirmed that pneumothorax is a pediatric emergency. Children under 5 years of age are the most affected. The main etiologies are infectious bronchopneumonia. The prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, the implementation of good bacteriological diagnostic tools, and the use of surgical video-thoracoscopy will reduce its mortality rate.

关键词： Pneumothorax-Secondary-Child-Hospital of Mali

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Study of Tuberculosis in Children Aged 1 Month to 15 Years in the Pediatric Ward of the Hospital of Mali 2015-2021

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 433-448页

作者： Bourama Kané Korotoumou Wéllé Diallo Aboubacar Sangaré Youssouf Dembélé Garan Dabo mamadou Traoré Mohamed Maba Traoré mamadou berthé Mariam Maiga Department of Pediatrics Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Medicine Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune V Bamako Mali Medical Imaging Department Mali Hospital Bamako Mali National Institute of Public Health Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune VI Bamako Mali

Introduction: In 2020, an estimated 9.9 million people are living with tuberculosis worldwide, including 1.1 million children. Tuberculosis is the 2nd leading cause of death from infectious disease after COVID-19 and the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. Objective: To collect cases of tuberculosis in children aged 1 month to 15 years in order to study the epidemio-clinical aspects in the pediatric department of the Mali Hospital during the period 2015-2021. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020, and a prospective study from January 1 to December 31, 2021, among children aged 1 month to 15 years admitted for suspected tuberculosis in the pediatric ward of the Mali Hospital. Results: From January 2015 to December 2021, we collected 69 cases of tuberculosis among 9438 hospitalized children, i.e. a frequency of 0.73%. The average age was 6.16 years with extremes of 3 months and 15 years. The sex ratio was 1.1% in favor of boys. The majority of children were vaccinated against tuberculosis (88.4%). The most frequent symptoms were fever (76.8%) and weight loss (73.9%). The pulmonary form was the most frequent (54.9%). Bacteriological confirmation was done in 43.5% of our children. It was Mycobacterium tuberculosis in all confirmed cases. More than half of our children (65.2%) were treated with first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs for 6 months. We observed a cure in 42.0% of our patients and a case fatality rate of 39.1%. Conclusion: Tuberculosis in children is frequent in Mali Hospital despite good BCG vaccination coverage. Its mortality remains high and is maintained by malnutrition, HIV, and the emergence of resistant strains of bacilli.

关键词： Tuberculosis Children Mali Hospital

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Epidemioclinical Profile of Premature Infants at the Neonatology Unit of the Mali Hospital 2012-2015

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期11卷 490-502页

作者： Bourama Kané mamadou berthé Guédiouma Dembélé Korotoumou Wélé Diallo Diakaridia Koné Fatou Diawara Fanta Sidibé Oumou Koné mamadou Coulibaly Mariam Maiga Mariam Sylla Department of Pediatrics Mali Hospital Bamako Mali National Institute of Public Health Bamako Mali Reference Health Centre of the Commune I Bamako Mali Gynaecological and Obstetric Service Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Paediatrics Department of the Centre de Santé de Référence de la Commune VI Bamako Mali Gabriel TOURE University Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: A newborn is preterm when it is born before 37 weeks of amenorrhoea. Preterm births account for 11.1% of live births worldwide, 60% of which are in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and the second leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age. The aim of this study was to investigate prematurity in the neonatology unit of the Mali Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study from January 2012 to December 2015 of premature newborns from 28 to 36 weeks of amenorrhea in the neonatology unit of Mali Hospital. Results: From January 2012 to December 2015, we recorded 1692 inpatient newborns, including 614 preterm newborns, a frequency of 36.29%. The sex ratio was 1.43 in favor of boys. The average age of the mothers was 23.9 years with a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 47 years. The majority were housewives (92.7%). The pregnancy was poorly monitored in 51.8% of the mothers. The average gestational age was 32.9 days with extremes of 25 and 36 days. The most frequent mode of delivery was vaginal delivery (93.2%), with late prematurity in 51.5%, moderate prematurity (24.4%), extreme prematurity (18.7%) and very premature (5.4%). The mean birth weight was 1464 g with a standard deviation of 485 g and 2751 g. Prematurity was associated with neonatal infection in 49.4% of newborns, perinatal anoxia (13.9%) and hypotrophy (2.6%). The most frequent maternal risk factors were fever (83.4%), twinship (38.9%) and high blood pressure (8.6%). The average length of hospitalization was 9.75 days with extremes of 0 and 68 days. We recorded a cure rate of 57.7%, a death rate of 35.7% and a dropout rate

关键词： Epidemioclinical Profile Prematurity Mali Hospital

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Epidemiological Profile of Newborns Who Died during Their Hospitalization in the Neonatology Unit, Mali Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 424-432页

作者： Korotoumou Wéllé Diallo Bourama Kané Aboubacar Sangaré Kadidiatou Touré Fatoumata Léonie François Diakité mamadou Traoré Mohamed Maba Traoré mamadou berthé Mariam Maiga Abdoul Aziz Diakité Fatoumata Dicko Traoré Department of Pediatrics Mali Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Pediatrics Gabriel Touré University Hospital Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune V Bamako Mali Department of Medical Imaging Mali Hospital Bamako Mali National Institute of Public Health Bamako Mali Reference Health Center of Commune VI Bamako Mali

Introduction: Neonatal mortality is a serious problem, particularly in developing countries. Objective: To study the epidemiological and clinical profiles of newborns who died during their hospitalization in the neonatology unit of the hospital in Mali. Methodology: This was a prospective study over a 12-month period (January 1 to December 31, 2020) including all newborns aged 0 - 28 days who died during their hospitalization. Results: A total of 424 neonates were hospitalized in neonatology, 54 died, or 12.73%. Newborns aged 0 - 7 days at admission were the most represented at 79.63% and 94.4% were full-term babies. The male gender was dominant with a ratio of 1.17. The following characteristics were frequently observed in the mothers: not educated (46.3%), poor 75.9%, living in urban areas (68%), housewives 75.4%, and having had less than 4 antenatal care visits (53.7%). For babies, respiratory distress and hyperthermia were the most common reasons for hospitalization (37% and 22.2%, respectively), with 40% being resuscitated at birth. Infection and perinatal anoxia were the most frequent diagnoses, respectively 96.3% and 37%. The death occurred within the first three days of hospitalization in 60% of cases. Conclusion: In order to reduce the mortality rate in our facilities, monitoring of pregnancy and delivery, and correct management of newborns both at birth and in the pediatric wards are important.

关键词： Newborn Death Hospital in Mali

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Chemically induced changes in the geotechnical response of cementing paste backfill in shaking table test

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第3期13卷 513-528页

作者： Imad Alainachi mamadou Fall Department of Civil Engineering University of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada

Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is extensively used for underground mine support and/or tailings ***,CPB behavior under cyclic loadings might be affected by the chemistry of its porewater,which often contains sulphate *** today,no studies have addressed the effect of sulphate on the response of CPB to cyclic loadings by using shaking table *** study presents new findings of assessing the effect of the sulphate in the pore water of CPB on its geotechnical response to cyclic loading by using shaking *** mixtures were prepared(with and without sulphate),poured into a flexible laminar shear box,cured to 4 h,and then exposed to cyclic loading using one-dimensional(1D)shaking *** parameters(*** water pressure,settlement,lateral deformation,acceleration,electrical conductivity,effective stress,and liquefaction susceptibility)were monitored or determined before,during,and after *** results indicate that the sulphate-bearing CPB cured to 4 h can be prone to liquefaction under the studied ***,sulphate-free CPB samples are resistant to *** results are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the effect of water chemistry on the cyclic behavior of CPB,consequently enhancing the cost-effective design of CPB structures.

关键词： Cemented paste backfill(CPB) Liquefaction Shaking table Tailings Mine Sulphate

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Strength evolution and deformation behaviour of cemented paste backfill at early ages： Effect of curing stress, filling strategy and drainage

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2016年第5期26卷 809-817页

作者： Ghirian Alireza Fall mamadou Department of Civil Engineering University of Ottawa 161 Louis Pasteur Ottawa K1N 6N5 ON Canada

In this study, a pressure cell apparatus is developed to investigate the early age evolution of the strength and deformation behaviour of cemented paste backfill(CPB) when subjected to various loading conditions under different curing scenarios. The different curing scenarios that are simulated include:(1)drained and undrained conditions,(2) different filling rates,(3) different filling sequences, and(4) different curing stresses. The findings show that drainage, curing stress, curing time and filling rate influence the mechanical and deformation behaviours of CPB materials. The coupled effects of consolidation, drainage and suction contribute to the strength development of drained CPB subjected to curing stress. On the other hand, particle rearrangement caused by the applied pressure and suction development due to self-desiccation plays a significant role in the strength gain of undrained CPB cured under ***, curing stress induces slightly faster rate of cement hydration, which can contribute to strength acquisition.

关键词： Cemented paste backfill Tailings Pore pressure Curing under stress Plug fill Cement

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A column study of the hydro-mechanical behavior of mature fine tailings under atmospheric drying

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第2期27卷 203-209页

作者： Anis Roshani mamadou Fall Kevin Kennedy Department of Civil Engineering University of OttawaOttawa KIN 6N5Canada

In this paper, the hydro-mechanical behavior and physical properties of mature fine tailings(MFT) under atmospheric drying are investigated through a column study. In the study, evaporation takes place in the development of suction in the upper parts of the column and increasing suction leads to higher strength in the tailings. After 5 days, the suction in the first lift is around 17 k Pa in the upper part of the *** a second lift is added, the first lift initially loses strength but over a 30 days' period, the strength is recovered to its prior value and suction in the second lift reaches 500 k Pa. The vane shear strength values show a substantial increase in the strength of the MFT after 30 days under atmospheric drying and drainage. The 90% strength found in the column exceeds the threshold(5 k Pa). The hydraulic-mechanical properties of the deposited tailings are closely coupled due to several mechanisms, such as evaporation,drainage, self-consolidation, suction and crack development. The findings of this study will provide a better understanding of the placement behavior of multiple lifts of MFT and thus contribute to reclamation design standards and reduce the use of dedicated disposal areas.

关键词： Tailings Oil sand Environment Drying Multi-lift deposition

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Geophysical Significance of the Senegalo-Mali Discontinuity: Evidence from Secondary Structures, Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier, Western Mali

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第10期14卷 943-962页

作者： mamadou Yossi Mahamadou Diallo Mamoutou Ouattara Amadou berthé Saidou Ly Sagax Afrique S.A Geophysical Surveys and Consulting Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratory of Cartography and Mineral Resources Department of Teaching and Research of Geology and Mines National School of Engineering Abderhamane Baba Tour (ENI-ABT) Bamako Mali

The present study focuses on the analysis and description of lineaments interpreted as secondary structures to describe the nature of Senegalo Malian Discontinuity. These lineaments cross-cut the large north-south oriented transcurrent lithospheric structure known as the Senegalo Malian Discontinuity (SMD). Two lineaments were selected oriented NNE (N15˚ to N25˚), one at Dialafara and one at Sadiola. Four profiles on each lineament of these 2 zones, so that there were 2 on each side of the SMD. The ground data collected were processed using proper parameter and software. Some filters were applied to enhance the signal level. These ground data were later compared to the existing airborne magnetic data for consistency and accuracy using the upward continuation filter. The results show that the quality of ground data is good. In addition, the ground magnetic data show the presence of certain local anomalies that are not visible in the regional data. The analytical signal was also used to determine domain boundaries or possible contact zones. The contact zone can be highlighted on certain profiles such as L300 and L600. The study showed that the west and east sides of the SMD are not the same. Secondary structures become wide when approaching the SMD on both sides. They are also duplicated to the east of the SMD when we move progressively away. In the Dialafara area, the ground magnetic data intersect an interpreted fold. The results of this work confirm the presence of the secondary structures and their evolution in relation to the SMD. The relationships between the secondary structures in the Dailafara and Sadiola zones and their relations with the SMD are highlighted. The technique used in this study, is an important approach to better description and interpreting of regional structures using the secondary structures and proposing a structural model.

关键词： Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier Senegal Malian Discontinuity Secondary Structures Mapping Magnetic Data

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Neutral stochastic delay partial functional integro-differential equations driven by a fractional Brownian motion

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2013年第4期8卷 745-760页

作者： Tomas CARABALLO mamadou Abdoul DIOP Dpto. Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Analisis Numerico Universidad de Sevilla Apdo. de Correos 1160 41080-Sevilla Spain Universite Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis UFR SAT Departement de Mathematiques 234 Saint-Louis Senegal

This paper deals with the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to neutral stochastic delay functional integro-differential equations perturbed by a fractional Brownian motion BH, with Hurst parameter H E （1/2, 1）. We use the theory of resolvent operators developed by R. Grimmer to show the existence of mild solutions. An example is provided to illustrate the results of this work.

关键词： Resolvent operator C0-semigroup Wiener process mild solution fractional Brownian motion

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Swelling ability and behaviour of bentonite-based materials for deep repository engineered barrier systems:Influence of physical,chemical and thermal factors

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第3期14卷 689-702页

作者： Mohammed Alzamel mamadou Fall Sada Haruna Department of Civil Engineering University of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada

Compacted bentonite-sand(B/S)mixtures have been used as a barrier material in engineered barrier systems(EBSs)of deep geological repositories(DGR)to store nuclear *** study investigates the individual and combined effects of different chemical compositions of deep groundwaters(chemical factor)at potential repository sites in Canada(the Trenton and Guelph regions in Ontario),heat generated in DGRs(thermal factor),dry densities and mass ratios of bentonite and sand mixtures(physical factors)on the swelling behavior and ability of bentonite-based *** this study,swelling tests are conducted on B/S mixtures with different B/S mix ratios(20/80 to 70/30),compacted at different dry densities(ρd=1.6-2 g/cm^(3)),saturated with different types of water(distilled water and simulated deep groundwater of Trenton and Guelph)and exposed to different temperatures(20℃-80℃).Moreover,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests and X-ray diffractometry(XRD)analyses are carried out to evaluate the morphological,microstructural and mineralogical characteristics of the B/S *** test results indicate that the swelling potential of the B/S mixtures is significantly affected by these physical and chemical factors as well as the combined effects of the chemical and thermal factors.A significant decrease in the swelling capacity is observed when the B/S materials are exposed to the aforementioned groundwaters.A large decrease in the swelling capacity is observed for higher bentonite content in the ***,higher temperatures intensify the chemically-induced reduction of the swelling capacity of the B/S barrier *** decrease in the swelling capacity is caused by the chemical and/or microstructural changes of the *** results from this research will help engineers to design and build EBSs for DGRs with similar groundwater and thermal conditions.

关键词： Deep geological repository Engineered barrier Bentonite-sand materials Nuclear waste Swelling capacity Swelling strain

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