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大脑皮层内兴奋性突触传递的短时程可塑性特异地成熟于“关键期”开启阶段

中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Yiding Li jiamin Xu Yafeng Liu jia Zhu Nan Liu Wenbo Zeng Ning Huang malte j.rasch Haifei jiang Xiang Gu Xiang Li Minhua Luo Chengyu Li junlin Teng jianguo Chen Shaoqun Zeng Longnian Lin Xiaohui Zhang Institute of Neuroscience Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics-Ministry of Education East China Normal University Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics–Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology College of Life Sciences Peking University China

Multimodal sensory information from many cortices converges into the hippocampus primarily through the entorhinal cortex（EC）. Medial and lateral parts of EC（MEC, LEC） transfer spatial and non-spatial, or "context" and "content" related information, respectively, into the hippocampus, mainly via the indirect and direct circuits: EC layer 2→hippocampal dentate gyrus（DG）→CA3→CA1 path and EC layer 3→CA1 path. In this talk, I will present our recent findings on the synaptic organization of the direct circuit and its critical role in associative learning. Using channelrhodopsin-2 assisted circuit mapping（CRACM）, we first elucidated that LEC layer-3 projection neurons selectively form direct synapses onto a distinct subpopulation of morphologically complex, calbindin-expressing pyramidal cells（PCs） in the dorsal CA1（d CA1）, while MEC neurons homogenously innervate all d CA1 PCs. Optogenetically inactivating the distinct lateral EC–d CA1 connections or the postsynaptic d CA1 calbindin-expressing PC activity retarded associative learning in a simple olfaction-based Go/No-go behavioral task. Further in vivo op-tetrode recording in the d CA1 of behaving mice showed that d CA1 calbindin-expressing PCs developed more selective odor representations in their spike responses than neighboring PCs during learning. Thus, these findings reveal a direct lateral EC→d CA1 circuit that is required for olfactory associative learning.

关键词： entorhinal cortex hippocampus CA1 calbindin-expressing pyramidal cell direct circuit associative learning optogenetics

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科学新闻 2017年第4期 155-155页

作者： Qinglong Miao Li Yao malte j.rasch Qian Ye Xiang Li 章晓辉北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室

文章简介在个体出生后的大脑发育"关键期"阶段,神经细胞连接的功能和结构在经验指导下发生急剧的修剪和优化。其中抑制性突触传递的发育成熟是调控"关键期"开启的关键因素,但对其开启的突触环路机制仍所知甚少。研究组采用膜片钳电生理... 详细信息

文章简介在个体出生后的大脑发育"关键期"阶段,神经细胞连接的功能和结构在经验指导下发生急剧的修剪和优化。其中抑制性突触传递的发育成熟是调控"关键期"开启的关键因素,但对其开启的突触环路机制仍所知甚少。研究组采用膜片钳电生理记录,系统地解析了小鼠视皮层局部神经网络中兴奋性锥体神经元和各类抑制性神经元之间形成的突触的功能发育变化,发现在"关键

关键词：兴奋性突触传递皮层薄壁组织关键期成熟时程

特异的抑制性细胞环路分别驱动大脑皮层生成β和γ频段神经振荡电活动

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科学新闻 2018年第4期 94-94页

作者： Guang Chen Yuan Zhang Xiang Li Xiaochen Zhao Qian Ye Yingxi Lin Huizhong W.Tao malte j.rasch 章晓辉麻省理工学院南加州大学北京师范大学脑与认知科学研究院北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室

文章简介大脑中局部群体神经元通过同步放电生成具时空特征的脑电活动。根据生理特征和频段范围,脑电振荡活动主要可分为delta(<3Hz)、theta(3～8 Hz)、alpha(8～12 Hz)、beta(β,12～30 Hz)和gamma(γ,30～100 Hz)频段振荡活动,分别表... 详细信息

文章简介大脑中局部群体神经元通过同步放电生成具时空特征的脑电活动。根据生理特征和频段范围,脑电振荡活动主要可分为delta(<3Hz)、theta(3～8 Hz)、alpha(8～12 Hz)、beta(β,12～30 Hz)和gamma(γ,30～100 Hz)频段振荡活动,分别表征不同的大脑功能状态和参与神经信息处理、存储和

关键词：抑制性 γ振荡大脑皮层

New opportunities and challenges in surveying underground cavities using photogrammetric methods

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 9-13页

作者： malte j.M.Gurgel Axel Preusse Institute for Mine Surveying Mining Subsidence Engineering and Geophysics in MiningRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062Germany

The exploitation of the underground is currently undergoing a major transformation *** mining,alternative ways of utilization are playing an increasingly important *** alternative utilizations include the storage of gases,the disposal of radioactive wastes,and the implementation of geothermal storage *** addition,more and more mining operations are being shut down,like the German hard coal mining industry in *** the integrity of closed mines must be ensured in the post-mining *** order to capture such large and complex structures efficiently and reliably,new surveying techniques are required.A promising approach is the use of photogrammetric methods to generate three-dimensional models of the *** is currently known mainly from aerial *** is conceivable to use such methods for underground *** recent years,significant progress has been made in the algorithm-based orientation of unstructured image *** powerful computer systems and the growing range of unmanned aerial vehicles could enable partially automated ***,a number of problems have to be solved for underground imaging *** exposure conditions complicate image ***,the models must be integrated into existing surveying systems with a sufficiently high degree of *** order to consider the numerous technical aspects,the development of an integrated capture and evaluation approach is *** could make an important contribution to the monitoring of critical cavities of different *** an approach would also fit into the current digitization trend in the mining industry and provide new opportunities for ground control in particular.

关键词： Photogrammetry Surveying Subsurface spatial planning

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Hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization and conversion of technical lignin-An introductory review

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第1期2卷 59-71页

作者： malte Otromke Robin j.White jorg Sauer Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology(IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group Division Hydrogen TechnologiesFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEHeidenhofstr.279110 FreiburgGermany GmbH Group Process TechnologyFrankfurt am MainGermany

Lignin represents the most significant potential source of sustainable aromatic ***,the vast majority of technical lignin could be sourced from industrial paper production and in particular the Kraft process,where it is conventionally combusted for chemicals recovery and heat generation(*** plant operation).While in recent years several efforts have concerned the conversion of native lignin(*** found in nature)during biomass processing,there has also been significant focus on the“Base Catalyzed”conversion of technical *** process is of significant interest,since it could be potentially integrated into existing Kraft mill *** following review paper focuses on the development of the hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization(HBCD)of lignin,as a basis to produce valuable chemical *** will be placed on NaOH catalyzed reactions in the aqueous phase,as this approach is considered the most *** is placed on reaction conditions and characterization of monomeric aromatic compounds from the HBCD ***,as largest product fraction,is also considered,however,these are seldom analyzed in detail in the literature and ideas on further use are *** review also addresses findings in literature concerning the assessment of the solid,liquid,and gas product streams arising from *** this paper,process conditions for HBCD reactions can be derived and it is shown that the solid phase has a high potential for further valorization and downstream processing.

关键词： catalyzed polymerization lignin

An Index-Based Approach to Assess Social Vulnerability for Hamburg, Germany

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第5期14卷 782-794页

作者： malte von Szombathely Franziska S.Hanf janka Bareis Linda Meier jürgen Oßenbrügge Thomas Pohl Institute for Geography Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversität Hamburg20146HamburgGermany Meteorological Institute Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversität Hamburg20146HamburgGermany Institute for Geography Universität Hamburg20146HamburgGermany Research Unit for Sustainability and Climate Risks Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversität Hamburg20144HamburgGermany

In this study,we set out to develop a new social vulnerability index(SVI).In doing so,we suggest some conceptual improvements that can be made to existing methodical approaches to assessing social *** make the entanglement of socio-spatial inequalities visible,we are conducting a small-scale study on heterogeneous urban development in the city of Hamburg,*** kind of high-resolution analysis was not previously available,but is increasingly requested by political decision *** can thus show hot spots of social vulnerability(SV)in Hamburg,considering the effects of social welfare,education,and *** doing so,we defined SV as a contextual concept that follows the recent shift in discourse in line with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s(IPCC)concepts of risk and *** SVI consists of two subcomponents:sensitivity and coping *** areas of Hamburg were identified using satellite information and merged with the social data units of the *** with high SVI are distributed over the entire city,notably in the district of Harburg and the Reiherstieg quarter in Wilhelmsburg near the Elbe,as well as in the densely populated inner city areas of Eimsbüttel and *** a map at a detailed scale,our SVI can be a useful tool to identify areas where the population is most vulnerable to climate-related *** conclude that an enhanced understanding of urban social vulnerability is a prerequisite for urban risk management and urban resilience planning.

关键词： Climate change adaptation Hamburg Risk approach Social vulnerability Social vulnerability index

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Potential groundwater recharge zones within New Zealand

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1065-1072页

作者： Shailesh Kumar Singh malte Zeddies Ude Shankar George A.Griffiths National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

Water resources in New Zealand are not evenly distributed across the country which makes it difficult to adequately allocate the use of water resources in every basin. Groundwater is a fundamental water resource in New Zealand for agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Detailed knowledge regarding groundwater recharge potential is a pre-requisite for sustainable groundwater management, including the assessment of its vulnerability to contamination by pollutants. In this study, a comprehensive GIS approach was used to map the potential groundwater recharge zones across New Zealand. National data sets of lithology, slope, aspect, land use, soil drainage and drainage density were converted to raster data sets with a spatial resolution of 500 m x 500 m and superimposed to derive groundwater potential zones. The resultant maps demonstrate that the potential is low in urban and mountainous areas, such as the Southern Alps, whereas the highest potential can be found in regions with large lakes and in the lower elevation plains areas, where Quaternary sediments prevail. The resulting maps can be used to identify areas of high nutrient leaching in zones where high groundwater recharge potential exists.

关键词： GIS Potential groundwater recharge map New Zealand

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Common microscopic origin of the phase transitions in Ta_(2)NiS_(5) and the excitonic insulator candidate Ta_(2)NiSe_(5)

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1919-1932页

作者： Lukas Windgätter malte Rösner Giacomo Mazza Hannes Hübener Antoine Georges Andrew j.Millis Simone Latini Angel Rubio Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGemany Radboud University Institute for Molecules and MaterialsHeijendaalseweg 1356525 AJ NijmegenNetherlands Department of Quantum Matter Physics University of GenevaQuai Ernest-Ansermet 241211 GenevaSwitzerland College de France 11 place Marcelin Berthelot75005 ParisFrance Center for Computational Quantum Physics Flatiron InstituteNew YorkNY 10010USA.CPHTCNRSEcole PolytechniqueIP Paris91128 PalaiseauFrance Department of Physics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA.Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group Departamento de Fisica de Materiales Universidad del Pais Vasco20018 San SebastianSpain

The structural phase transition in Ta-NiSes has been envisioned as driven by the formation of an excitonic insulating ***,the role of structural and electronic instabilities on crystal symmetry breaking has yet to be ***,the phase transition in its complementary material Ta_(2)NiS_(5)does not show any experimental hints of an excitonic insulating *** present a microscopic investigation of the electronic and phononic effects involved in the structural phase transition in Ta_(2)NiSe_(5)and Ta-Niss using extensive first-principles *** both materials the crystal symmetries are broken by phonon instabilities,which in tum lead to changes in the electronic bandstructure also observed in the experiment.A total energy landscape analysis shows no tendency towards a purely electronic instability and we find that a sizeable lattice distortion is needed to open a *** conclude that an excitonic instability is not needed to explain the phase transition in both Ta_(2)NiSe_(5)and Ta_(2)NiS_(5).

关键词： phase structural transitions

A Reinforcement Learning approach for the continuous electricity market ofGermany: Trading from the perspective of a wind park operator

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Energy and AI 2022年第2期8卷 67-78页

作者： malte Lehna Björn Hoppmann Christoph Scholz RenéHeinrich Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology(IEE) Königstor 5934119 KasselGermany

With the rising extension of renewable energies, the intraday electricity markets have recorded a growingpopularity amongst traders as well as electric utilities to cope with the induced volatility of the energysupply. Through their short trading horizon and continuous nature, the intraday markets offer the abilityto adjust trading decisions from the day-ahead market or reduce trading risk in a short-term notice. Producersof renewable energies utilize the intraday market to lower their forecast risk, by modifying their providedcapacities based on current forecasts. However, the market dynamics are complex due to the fact that thepower grids have to remain stable and electricity is only partly storable. Consequently, robust and intelligenttrading strategies are required that are capable to operate in the intraday market. In this work, we proposea novel autonomous trading approach based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms as a possiblesolution. For this purpose, we model the intraday trade as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and employ theProximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm as our DRL approach. A simulation framework is introducedthat enables the trading of the continuous intraday price in a resolution of one minute steps. We test ourframework in a case study from the perspective of a wind park operator. We include next to general tradeinformation both price and wind forecasts. On a test scenario of German intraday trading results from 2018,we are able to outperform multiple baselines with at least 45.24% improvement, showing the advantage of theDRL algorithm. However, we also discuss limitations and enhancements of the DRL agent, in order to increasethe performance in future works.

关键词： Deep Reinforcement Learning German intraday electricity trading Deep neural networks Markov Decision Process Proximal Policy Optimization Electricity price forecast