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Optical probing of ultrafast laser-induced solid-to-overdense-plasma transitions

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 973-984页

作者： Yasmina Azamoum Georg Alexander Becker Sebastian Keppler Guillaume Duchateau Stefan Skupin Mickael Grech Fabrice Catoire Sebastian Hell Issa Tamer Marco Hornung Marco Hellwing Alexander Kessler Franck Schorcht malte ch.istoph.kaluza GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany. Helmholtz Institute Jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany. Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics Friedrich-SchillerUniversität JenaMax-Wien-Platz 107743 JenaGermany. CEA-CESTA 15 Avenue des SablièresCS6000133116 Le BarpCedexFrance Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306-CNRSUniversitéde Lyon 169622 VilleurbanneFrance. LULI CNRSCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance. Universitéde Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA CELIAUMR 5107 TalenceFrance

Understanding the solid target dynamics resulting from the interaction with an ultrashort laser pulse is a challenging fundamental multi-physics problem involving atomic and solid-state physics,plasma physics,and laser *** of the initial interplay of the underlying processes is essential to many applications ranging from lowpower laser regimes like laser-induced ablation to high-power laser regimes like laser-driven ion *** the properties of the so-called pre-plasma formed as the laser pulse’s rising edge ionizes the target is complicated from the theoretical and experimental point of view,and many aspects of this laser-induced transition from solid to overdense plasma over picosecond timescales are still open *** the one hand,laser-driven ion acceleration requires precise control of the pre-plasma because the efficiency of the acceleration process crucially depends on the target properties at the arrival of the relativistic intensity peak of the *** the other hand,efficient laser ablation requires,for example,preventing the so-called“plasma shielding”.By capturing the dynamics of the initial stage of the interaction,we report on a detailed visualization of the pre-plasma formation and ***-thin diamond-like carbon foils are shown to transition from solid to plasma during the laser rising edge with intensities<10^(16)W/cm^(2).Single-shot near-infrared probe transmission measurements evidence sub-picosecond dynamics of an expanding plasma with densities above 10^(23)cm^(−3)(about 100 times the critical plasma density).The complementarity of a solid-state interaction model and kinetic plasma description provides deep insight into the interplay of initial ionization,collisions,and expansion.

关键词： laser acceleration solid

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Deformable microlaser force sensing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1196-1209页

作者： Eleni Dalaka Joseph SHill Jonathan H.H.Booth Anna Popczyk Stefan R.Pulver malte C.Gather Marcel Schubert Centre of Biophotonics SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsUK Humboldt Centre for Nano-and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneKölnGermany School of Psychology and Neuroscience University of St AndrewsSt Mary’s QuadSouth StreetSt AndrewsUK Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia BarcelonaSpain

Mechanical forces are key regulators of cellular behavior and function,affecting many fundamental biological processes such as cell migration,embryogenesis,immunological responses,and pathological *** force sensors and imaging techniques have been developed to quantify these otherwise invisible forces in single cells and in ***,current techniques rely heavily on high-resolution microscopy and do not allow interrogation of optically dense tissue,reducing their application to 2D cell cultures and highly transparent biological ***,we introduce DEFORM,deformable microlaser force sensing,a spectroscopic technique that detects sub-nanonewton forces with unprecedented spatio-temporal *** is based on the spectral analysis of laser emission from dye-doped oil microdroplets and uses the force-induced lifting of laser mode degeneracy in these droplets to detect nanometer *** validation by atomic force microscopy and development of a model that links changes in laser spectrum to applied force,DEFORM is used to measure forces in 3D and at depths of hundreds of microns within tumor spheroids and late-stage Drosophila *** furthermore show continuous force sensing with single-cell spatial and millisecond temporal resolution,thus paving the way for non-invasive studies of biomechanical forces in advanced stages of embryogenesis,tissue remodeling,and tumor invasion.

关键词： invasion otherwise hundreds

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Unveiling the inner structure of electron pulses generated from a laser-wakefield accelerator

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第10期12卷 1992-1994页

作者： malte C.kaluza Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics Max-Wien-Platz 107743JenaGermany Helmholtz-Institute Jena Fröbelstieg 307743JenaGermany

A novel diagnostic method has been used to gain deeper insight into the transverse structure and its evolution of electron pulses generated from a laser-wakefield accelerator.

关键词： structure field laser

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Modeling of the 3D spatio-temporal thermal profile of joule-class Yb3+-based laser amplifiers

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第3期7卷 53-59页

作者： Issa Tamer Sebastian Keppler Jorg Komer Marco Hornung Marco Hellwing Frank Schorcht Joachim Hein malte C.kaluza Helmholtz-Institute Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena Max-Wien Platz 107743 JenaGermany

Thermal profile modification of an active material in a laser amplifier via optical pumping results in a change in the material’s refractive index,and causes thermal expansion and stress,eventually leading to spatial phase aberrations,or even permanent material *** this purpose,knowledge of the 3D spatio-temporal thermal profile,which can currently only be retrieved via numerical simulations,is critical for joule-class laser amplifiers to reveal potentially dangerous thermal features within the pumped active *** this investigation,a detailed,spatio-temporal numerical simulation was constructed and tested for accuracy against surface thermal measurements of various endpumped Yb^3+-doped laser-active *** measurements and simulations show an excellent agreement and the model was successfully applied to a joule-class Yb3+-based amplifier currently operating in the POLARIS laser system at the Friedrich-Schiller-University and Helmholtz-Institute Jena in Germany.

关键词： diode-pumped solid-state lasers high intensity lasers laser amplifiers spatio-temporal thermal profile modeling ytterbium

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Piezo1 expression in chondrocytes controls endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis development

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 199-214页

作者： Laura J.Brylka Assil-Ramin Alimy Miriam E.A.Tschaffon-Müller Shan Jiang Tobias malte Ballhause Anke Baranowsky Simon von Kroge Julian Delsmann Eva Pawlus Kian Eghbalian Klaus Püschel Astrid Schoppa Melanie Haffner-Luntzer David J.Beech Frank Timo Beil Michael Amling Johannes Keller Anita Ignatius Timur A.Yorgan Tim Rolvien Thorsten Schinke Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics University Medical Center UlmBadenWürttemberg89081 UlmGermany Department Legal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLS29JT LeedsUK

Piezo proteins are mechanically activated ion channels,which are required for mechanosensing functions in a variety of cell *** we and others have previously demonstrated that the expression of Piezo1 in osteoblast lineage cells is essential for boneanabolic processes,there was only suggestive evidence indicating a role of Piezo1 and/or Piezo2 in *** we addressed the question if and how chondrocyte expression of the mechanosensitive proteins Piezo1 or Piezo2 controls physiological endochondral ossification and pathological osteoarthritis(OA)*** with chondrocyte-specific inactivation of Piezo1(Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre)),but not of Piezo2,developed a near absence of trabecular bone below the chondrogenic growth plate ***,all Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) animals displayed multiple fractures of rib bones at 7 days of age,which were located close to the growth *** skeletal growth was only mildly affected in these mice,OA pathologies were markedly less pronounced compared to littermate controls at 60 weeks of ***,when OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection,only the chondrocyte inactivation of Piezo1,not of Piezo2,resulted in attenuated articular cartilage ***,osteophyte formation and maturation were also reduced in Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) *** further observed increased Piezo1 protein abundance in cartilaginous zones of human ***,we identified Ptgs2 and Ccn2 as potentially relevant Piezo1 downstream genes in ***,our data do not only demonstrate that Piezo1 is a critical regulator of physiological and pathological endochondral ossification processes,but also suggest that Piezo1 antagonists may be established as a novel approach to limit osteophyte formation in OA.

关键词： Piezo1 markedly ossification

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MODELING SOCCER BY MEANS OF RELATIVE PHASE

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2013年第1期26卷 14-20页

作者： SIEGLE malte LAMES Martin TU Munchen Department for Training and Computer Science in Sports

Soccer is a complex ***,appropriate(nontrivial) models have to be applied to be able to analyze the behavior of the teams on the *** study analyzed the World Cup Final 2006 between France and Italy by means of relative *** longitudinal and lateral positions of all 20 outfield players were used to calculate relative phase by Hilbert *** team-,group-,and attacker-fullbacks couplings showed that soccer is clearly an in-phase *** of the relative phase structure helped to identify scoring opportunities of the attacking ***,analyses of the relative phase structure can help to understand the complexity of soccer.

关键词： Perturbations relative phase soccer.

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LOCAL PRESSURE CORRECTION FOR THE STOKES SYSTEM

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2020年第1期38卷 125-141页

作者： malte Braack Utku Kaya Mathematical Seminar University of KielGermany

Pressure correction methods constitute the most widely used solvers for the timedependent Navier-Stokes *** are several different pressure correction methods,where each time step usually consists in a predictor step for a non-divergence-free velocity,followed by a Poisson problem for the pressure(or pressure update),and a final velocity correction to obtain a divergence-free vector *** some situations,the equations for the velocities are solved explicitly,so that the numerical most expensive step is the elliptic pressure *** here propose to solve this Poisson problem by a domain decomposition method which does not need any communication between the ***,this system is perfectly adapted for parallel *** show under certain assumptions that this new scheme has the same order of convergence as the original pressure correction scheme(with global projection).Numerical examples for the Stokes system show the effectivity of this new pressure correction *** convergence order O(k^2)for resulting velocity fields can be observed in the norm l^2(0,T;L^2(Ω)).

关键词： Stokes system Navier-Stokes Pressure correction Finite elements

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从模型到应用:基于生态系统服务权衡的乡村生态修复规划工具研究

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园林 2024年第3期41卷 4-12页

作者：董楠楠王怡琪 Harald Zepp Lars Gruenhagen malte Bührs christin Busch 魏维轩同济大学建筑与城市规划学院上海200092 波鸿鲁尔大学地理学系波鸿44801 ILS-国家和城市发展研究所有限公司多特蒙德D-44135

在全球范围内的气候变化背景下,具有多种功能和服务价值的乡村生态空间成为当下国际生态规划研究与合作的关注热点之一。为实现乡村生态空间的精准管理与规划,中德双方围绕联合课题“生态系统服务概念在德国鲁尔与中国大都市区韧性发展... 详细信息

在全球范围内的气候变化背景下,具有多种功能和服务价值的乡村生态空间成为当下国际生态规划研究与合作的关注热点之一。为实现乡村生态空间的精准管理与规划,中德双方围绕联合课题“生态系统服务概念在德国鲁尔与中国大都市区韧性发展模式下的绿色基础设施规划应用”进行了深入探索。在土地利用与土地覆盖类型的基础上,进一步识别了生物群落类型,并基于调节、供给、文化三大生态系统服务类型,选取了评估生态系统服务供需权衡的指标和对应权重,构建了乡村生态空间规划场景下的生态系统服务价值评测模型。以上海市水库村为例,运用该课题的评测模型,初步评估了典型乡村生态规划场景下的生态系统服务价值。最后,从应用尺度、研究范围以及操作流程三个方面总结了该评测模型的优化方向。

关键词：乡村生态修复生态系统服务供需权衡决策辅助工具

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REVIEW ARTICLE FINITE ELEMENTS WITH LOCAL PROJECTION STABILIZATION FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW PROBLEMS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2009年第2期27卷 116-147页

作者： malte Braack Gerr Lube Mathematisches Seminar Christian-Albrechts-Universitt zu KielLudewig-Meyn-Str.4D-24098 KielGermany Institut für Numerische und Angewandte Mathematik Georg-August Universitt GttingenLotzestrasse 16-18 D-37083 GttingenGermany

In this paper we review recent developments in the analysis of finite element methods for incompressible flow problems with local projection stabilization （LPS）. These methods preserve the favourable stability and approximation properties of classical residual-based stabilization （RBS） techniques but avoid the strong coupling of velocity and pressure in the stabilization terms. LPS-methods belong to the class of symmetric stabilization techniques and may be characterized as variational multiscale methods. In this work we summarize the most important a priori estimates of this class of stabilization schemes developed in the past 6 years. We consider the Stokes equations, the Oseen linearization and the NavierStokes equations. Furthermore, we apply it to optimal control problems with linear（ized） flow problems, since the symmetry of the stabilization leads to the nice feature that the operations ＂discretize＂ and ＂optimize＂ commute.

关键词： Finite element method Stabilization Computational fluid dynamics Errorestimates Navier-Stokes Stokes

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DIRECTIONAL DO-NOTHING CONDITION FOR THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2014年第5期32卷 507-521页

作者： malte Braack Piotr Boguslaw Mucha Mathematisches Seminar Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 4 D-24098 Kiel Germany Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics University of Warsaw ul Banacha 2 02-097 Warszawa Poland

The numerical solution of flow problems usually requires bounded domains although the physical problem may take place in an unbounded or substantially larger domain. In this case, artificial boundaries are necessary. A well established artificial boundary condition for the Navier-Stokes equations diseretized by finite elements is the “do-nothing” condition. The reason for this is the fact that this condition appears automatically in the variational formulation after partial integration of the viscous term and the pressure gradient. This condition is one of the most established outflow conditions for Navier-Stokes but there are very few analytical insight into this boundary condition. We address the question of existence and stability of weak solutions for the Navier-Stokes equations with a “directional do-nothing” condition. In contrast to the usual “do-nothing” condition this boundary condition has enhanced stability properties. In the case of pure outflow, the condition is equivalent to the original one, whereas in the case of inflow a dissipative effect appears. We show existence of weak solutions and illustrate the effect of this boundary condition by computation of steady and non-steady flows.

关键词： Boundary conditions Navier-Stokes Outflow condition Existence.

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