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Early term infants are at increased risk of requiring neonatal intensive care

World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期12卷 76-81页

作者： Pradeep Vittal mally Nickolas Theophilos Agathis Sean Michael Bailey New York University School of Medicine New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUSA

Background: Increasing evidence is demonstrating thatinfants born early on during the term period are at increasedrisk of morbidity compared with infants born closer to acomplete 40 week gestational pregnancy. The purpose of thisstudy was to compare early term [gestation age (GA): 37-376/7 weeks] neonatal outcomes with those of other full termneonatal intensive care unit (NICU) ***: Retrospective chart review of all term infantsadmitted to the NICU at New York University LangoneMedical Center over a 17 month period. Subjects weregrouped and analyzed according to their GA at birth: 1)early term infants (GA between 37 0/7 to 37 6/7 weeks) and2) other term infants (38 0/7 weeks and older).Results: Early term infants were more likely to requireNICU care than other term infants [relative risk: 1.42,95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07-1.88), P=0.01]. In theNICU, they are more likely to manifest respiratory distresssyndrome [odds ratio (OR)=5.7, 95% CI=1.6-19.8, P<0.01]and hypoglycemia (OR=4.6, 95% CI=2.0-10.4, P<0.001).In addition, early term neonates were more likely to beborn via elective cesarean section than other term neonates(OR=4.1, 95% CI=2.0-8.5, P<0.001).Conclusions: Being born at early term is associatedwith increased risk of respiratory disease and hypoglycemiarequiring neonatal intensive care. Further efforts directedat decreasing early term deliveries may be warranted.

关键词： gestational age hypoglycemia neonatology respiratory distress syndrome

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HPV-DNA联合TCT检查对于诊断宫颈疾病的临床评价

HPV-DNA联合TCT检查对于诊断宫颈疾病的临床评价

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作者： JASMA mally 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，99.7%的宫颈癌是由人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染引起，同时HPV感染也是最常见的全世界广泛存在的性传播疾病。检测HPV的方法有很多，而进一步相关研究主要着重于筛查宫颈病变的敏感性。HPV感染引发的病... 详细信息

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，99.7%的宫颈癌是由人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染引起，同时HPV感染也是最常见的全世界广泛存在的性传播疾病。检测HPV的方法有很多，而进一步相关研究主要着重于筛查宫颈病变的敏感性。HPV感染引发的病变被认为是由感染的基底层细胞增殖而来，主要局限于基底细胞的复层上皮，在微小皮损或性交后，病毒更通过受损的上皮屏障侵入该层细胞。大部分HPV感染的年轻女性可在1‐2年后自愈。但一些高危型HPV感染可在10‐15年内进展为浸润性宫颈癌。宫颈癌是世界女性恶性肿瘤的第二大死因，HPV感染造成巨大的健康压力。标准化的预防措施的建立几乎可以完全阻止宫颈癌的进展。经过确认可有性接触传播的HPV有40余种，均为DNA病毒，该病毒以机体复层鳞状上皮为靶向，同时也侵犯宫颈颗粒细胞上皮。HPV主要通过密切性接触传播。多数HPV感染可不经治疗而自愈，并且再感染几率降低，其原因不排除机体自身免疫力提高所致。经数月或数年的HPV感染后，可出现临床能够检测出的鳞状上皮病变。HPV感染人体后可将正常细胞转变为非正常细胞。通常情况下，机体可抵抗HPV病毒的感染，消灭被感染的细胞，但当机体不能起到防御作用时，将出现肉眼可见的生殖器病变如生殖器疣或宫颈上皮病变。HPV感染是世界上最常见的性传播疾病，但仅有少数预防措施可用。使用适当的预防措施，可有效降低HPV相关性感染的发生率。最近，认为疫苗的使用，以及避孕套和杀微生物剂的应用有助于阻止感染的传播。现有两种疫苗被认为可以有效预防HPV‐16及18型感染，即由GlaxoSmithKine标记的GARDASIL和Cervarix。通常，这些疫苗仅在初次性生活前接种有效，对已感染HPV的妇女收效甚微，该种疫苗最佳的给药方式为半年内三次给药。此疫苗同样适用于男男性交传播者及免疫功能不全者。尽管HPV感染广泛，但定期筛查宫颈病变有助于早期诊断和宫颈癌的预防。各种预防措施都需从获得最佳的宫颈细胞学资料开始，如样本采集需要避开月经期，至少从月经干净后第5日开始;取样后需嘱病人禁止性生活、冲洗、使用卫生棉棒、置入阴道内装置、药品及避孕药。宫颈细胞学取样主要分为两种：较传统的方法是用一种为将木质压舌板置于宫颈外口处旋转两周，应避免过度的粘膜出血。宫颈内膜取样是用宫颈刷旋转180度，将取样组织放入玻片上，并放入细胞固定液中固定。另一种方法为液基细胞法。具体方法如下，将宫颈刷置入宫颈管内旋转2‐4周后，样本将转移至液体培养基。目前有两家公司的产品：Thin‐Prep (Hologic Corp)和Sure‐Path (BD‐TriPath Imagning)。液基细胞法的主要优势是培养基可保持细胞原样保存，以利于应用杂交捕获二代技术检测HPV‐DNA。 Bethesda系统同样提供详细的关于宫颈细胞异常患者的治疗指南。约30%宫颈细胞学诊断为ASC‐US的患者发现患有CIN。因此，建议进行HPV‐DNA检测，明确是否存在高危型HPV类型。阴道镜检查中，LSIL被认为与轻度不典型增生或CIN Ⅰ有关，并可进展为更重的病变。如病变持续存在或进展，建议连续进行细胞学及阴道镜检查以密切随访。在阴道镜活检中发现，HSIL与中至重度不典型增生密切相关，并且可能导致原位和/或浸润性宫颈癌。因此推荐进行宫颈锥切术从而获得较大的标本用以评估浸润性病变的确切程度和范围。HPV DNA可以与宫颈液基细胞学检测应用同样的溶液媒介。它所应用的技术是基于第二代分子杂交捕获技术来检测人HPV DNA（Digene公司）。在检测中，将单链RNA探针与互补的单链的HPV DNA混合。DNA‐RNA的混合物可以提供一半样品的病毒载量的定量读数。宫颈液基细胞学检测联合HPV DNA检测筛查的对于30岁以上的妇女是有益处的。对于检测值为阳性的妇女，90%出现在阴道区域，46%出现在宫颈区域。有研究表明，HPV DNA检测与液基细胞学检查相比，虽然在老年妇女的检测中，对于高级别不典型增生的特异性稍差，但HPV检测结果更加敏感。由于目前尚无有效根除HPV感染的方法，因此，治疗的主要目标是通过物理‐化学方法破坏病灶以此来消除或控制疾病，或诱导炎症反应或免疫反应来控制感染。目的：探讨HPV DNA联合宫颈液基细胞学检测用于筛查宫颈疾病的敏感性和准确性。研究宫颈柱状上皮移位与高危型HPV感染是否有关，并确定长春市HPV易感人群的平均年龄分布。材料与方法：本研究是一项液基细胞学检测与HPV DNA检测联合筛查宫颈疾病的回顾性队列研究。研究对象为吉林大学第一医院肿瘤妇科门诊就诊患者，研究组为2011年1月1日至2012年12月30日的150名患者。患者经过适当的检查后选择进行新柏氏液基细胞学（TCT）和HPV DNA检测联合检测。用宫颈刷进行标本刷取，并置入

关键词：人乳头瘤病毒 TCT AUS–US 宫颈上皮内瘤变

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包罗万象:SCSI和EIDE硬盘评测

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电子与电脑 1997年第1期4卷 135-139页

作者： Chris O'mally 宋荣

面对的情况是:你的硬盘空间就要耗尽,删除所有能删除的数据,同时把其它数据压缩,但你仍然摆脱不了这种困境。Windows 95和象Microsoft Office这样的商业套装软件会迅速占去几百兆的空间,Web浏览器、那些新的图形软件包和最新的计算机游... 详细信息

面对的情况是:你的硬盘空间就要耗尽,删除所有能删除的数据,同时把其它数据压缩,但你仍然摆脱不了这种困境。Windows 95和象Microsoft Office这样的商业套装软件会迅速占去几百兆的空间,Web浏览器、那些新的图形软件包和最新的计算机游戏很容易就占去数十兆的空间。大型应用软件并不是偷取磁盘空间的唯一罪魁。还记得你从CompuServe上下载的所有免费软件码?还有你在Web上捕获到的那些无穷无尽的文档、图片、音频和视频艺术品吗?谁能顶得住这些诱惑?硬盘空间容得了吗?

关键词：硬盘空间磁盘存储器 SCSI EIDE

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Clinical evaluation of HPV DNA test combined with liquid-based cytology in the diagnosis of cervical disease

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013年第3期3卷 371-376页

作者： Raghvendra Thakur Jasma mally Rajina Shrestha Xuehua Zheng Mengli Zhang Yanjun Wu Neelima Bajracharya Guiying Zheng Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology First Hospital of Jilin University Norman Bethune College of Medicine Changchun China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jiamusi University Jiamusi China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Maternity and Children Hospital of Jilin Province Liaoyuan China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Second Hospital of Jilin University Norman Bethune College of Medicine Changchun China

Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of the HPV DNA test in conjunction with thin prep cytology test as a screening method of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To study either the cervical erosion is related to high risk HPV infection or to determine the mean age distribution that is more prone to HPV infection. Material and Methods: The study is a retrospective cohort implemented to determine the real performance of liquid based medium and HPV DNA testing combined in second clinical hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China. The study group included total 150 patients from January 1, 2011 to December 30, 2012. A computerized search identified patients with thin prep test results and high risk HPV DNA testing during a 2-year period was recruited. The patients were chosen after proper speculum examination followed by thin prep cytology (TCT) and HPV DNA test. Cytologic specimens were obtained with endocervical brush, which was rinsed into the vial of Cytyc. The residual samples after the cytology report were taken for reflex HPV DNA test. The manufacture protocol was followed for HPV DNA testing using Hybrid Capture II. Colposcopic biopsy was performed for the diagnosis purpose, in patients who had atypical squamous cells of undeter-mined significance (AUS-US), low grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in cytology and with positive results of highrisk HPV DNA. The diagnostic criteria were based on the Bethesda System (TBS). Findings: The high risk HPV positive women with abnormal cytology had a CIN I risk of 73 (86%), whereas 35 (23.3%) high-risk HPV positive women out of 109 (72.7%) normal cytology who underwent histological biopsy had CIN I 16 (10.7%). The risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with high-risk HPV positive with normal cytology was higher among women invited for the first time 31 - 40 years of age 12 (8%) than among older women 1 (0.7%). Out of 44 (29.3%) women who

关键词： Human Papillomavirus Thin-Prep Cytology Test Hybrid Capture Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Bethesda System Colposcopy Examination

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数字摄影

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英语学习 1998年第2期 27-30页

作者： Chris O'mally 陈远

数字摄影还是一件新鲜的事,我们大多数人还需要对它有个认识,还谈不上对它有什么看法。但这并不影响广大摄影和计算机爱好者基于常识对数字相机取得一致的看法——数字相机是微机的一个精巧的配件,并不适用于日常拍照。他们错了。精明... 详细信息

数字摄影还是一件新鲜的事,我们大多数人还需要对它有个认识,还谈不上对它有什么看法。但这并不影响广大摄影和计算机爱好者基于常识对数字相机取得一致的看法——数字相机是微机的一个精巧的配件,并不适用于日常拍照。他们错了。精明的人会花钱买数字相机,或者很快就会。最新的数字相机只要几百美元而不是几千美元,而且它们的成像质量更加接近胶卷相机的最佳质量。最为重要的是,数字相机正在从根本上重新定义摄影的含义及其效果。胶卷和相片不会很快就消失。但即使做了许多改进,我们所熟知的这些历史悠久的摄影器材也开始显得

关键词：数字相机计算机液晶显示屏数字图象图象质量数字摄影

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Comparative study of the efficacy of gentamicin-coated intramedullary interlocking nail versus regular intramedullary interlocking nail in Gustilo type I and II open tibia fractures

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第5期22卷 270-273页

作者： Deepak Pinto K.Manjunatha Amarnath D.Savur Naufal Rizwan Ahmed Sharan mally V.Ramya Department of Orthopaedics Kasturba Medical College MangaloreManipal Academy of Higher EducationIndia Department of Community Medicine Basaveshwara Medical CollegeChitradurgaIndia

Purpose:Open tibia fracture is prone to infection,consequently causing significant morbidity and increasing the hospital stay,occupational loss and onset of chronic *** nailing is one choice for treating tibia shaft *** improve the delivery of antibiotics at the tissue-implant interface,many methods have been proposed as a part of prophylaxis against *** study was conducted to study the role of gentamicin-impregnated intramedullary interlocking(IMIL)nail in the prevention of infection in Gustilo typeⅠandⅡopen tibia fractures and to compare the results with regular intramedullary ***:The study included 28 patients with open tibia fractures(Gustilo type 1 or type 2);of them 14 underwent regular IMIL nailing and the other 14 were treated with gentamicin-coated *** was done by alternate allocation of the ***-up was done postoperatively(day 1),1 week,6 weeks,and 6 months for bone union,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),hemoglobin and C?reactive protein(CRP).Statistical significance was tested using unpaired t-test.A p value less than 0.05 was considered ***:There were 4 cases of infection in controls(regular IMIL nail)and no infection among patients treated with gentamicin-coated nail during the follow up(Х^2=4.66,p=0.031).At 6 months postoperatively,CRP(p=0.031),ESR(p=0.046)and hemoglobin level(p=0.016)showed significant difference between two *** bone healing rate was better with gentamicin-coated nail in comparison to regular IMIL nail at 6 months follow-up(p=0.016).Conclusion:Gentamicin-coated IMIL nail has a positive role in preventing infection in Gustilo typeⅠandⅡopen tibia fractures.

关键词： Antibiotic impregnated nail Intramedullary nailing Open tibia fracture Infection

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