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Modeling and Comprehensive Review of Signaling Storms in 3GPP-Based Mobile Broadband Networks:Causes,Solutions,and Countermeasures

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 123-153页

作者： Muhammad Qasim Khan Fazal malik Fahad Alturise Noor Rahman Department of Computer Science Iqra National UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Cybersecurity College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah52555Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Al-Fayha CollegeAl Jubayl31961Saudi Arabia

Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks,including the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)mobile broadband ***,they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing *** have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial *** paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling *** this paper,we present a thorough survey of the causes,of the signaling storm problems in 3GPP-based mobile broadband networks and discuss in detail their possible solutions and *** provide relevant analytical models to help quantify the effect of the potential causes and benefits of their corresponding *** important contribution of this paper is the comparison of the possible causes and solutions/countermeasures,concerning their effect on several important network aspects such as architecture,additional signaling,fidelity,etc.,in the form of a *** paper presents an update and an extension of our earlier conference *** our knowledge,no similar survey study exists on the subject.

关键词： Signaling storm problems control signaling load analytical modeling 3GPP networks smart devices diameter signaling mobile broadband data access data traffic mobility management signaling network architecture 5G mobile communication

Defocus blur detection using novel local directional mean patterns(LDMP)and segmentation via KNN matting

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第2期16卷 110-122页

作者： Awais KHAN Aun IRTAZA Ali javed Tahira NAZIR Hafiz malik Khalid Mahmood malik Muhammad Ammar KHAN Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MichiganDearbornMI 48128USA Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oakland UniversityMI 48309USA

Detection and segmentation of defocus blur is a challenging task in digital imaging applications as the blurry images comprise of blur and sharp regions that wrap significant information and require effective methods for information *** defocus blur detection and segmentation methods have several limitations i.e.,discriminating sharp smooth and blurred smooth regions,low recognition rate in noisy images,and high computational cost without having any prior knowledge of images i.e.,blur degree and camera ***,there exists a dire need to develop an effective method for defocus blur detection,and segmentation robust to the above-mentioned *** paper presents a novel features descriptor local directional mean patterns(LDMP)for defocus blur detection and employ KNN matting over the detected LDMP-Trimap for the robust segmentation of sharp and blur *** argue/hypothesize that most of the image fields located in blurry regions have significantly less specific local patterns than those in the sharp regions,therefore,proposed LDMP features descriptor should reliably detect the defocus blurred *** fusion of LDMP features with KNN matting provides superior performance in terms of obtaining high-quality segmented regions in the ***,the proposed LDMP features descriptor is robust to noise and successfully detects defocus blur in high-dense noisy *** results on Shi and Zhao datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of defocus blur *** and comparative analysis signify that our method achieves superior segmentation performance and low computational cost of 15 seconds.

关键词： defocus blur detection local directional mean patterns image matting sharpness metrics blur segmentation

EFFECT OF NANO-FILLER DISPERSION ON THE THERMAL,MECHANICAL AND WATER SORPTION PROPERTIES OF GREEN ENVIRONMENTAL POLYMER

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2012年第5期30卷 735-743页

作者： Sher Bahadar Khan Kalsoom akhtar Jongchul Seo Haksoo Han malik Abdul Rub Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589P.O.Box 80203Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Division of Nano Sciences and Department of Chemistry Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 120-750Korea Department of Packaging Yonsei UniversityWonju-siKangwondo 220-710Korea Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University262 SeongsannoSeodaemun-guSeoul 120-749Korea Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589P.O.Box 80203Saudi Arabia Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80203Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia

Partially exfoliated nanocomposite （2） has been synthesized by intercalation of poly（propylene carbonate）（PPC） into commercial clay, Cloisite 20B （PPC/C-20B）. Nanocomposite 2 was characterized phiso-chemically and exhibited high thermal, mechanical and anti-water sorption properties as compared to PPC and intercalated nanocomposite （1） of PPC/C- 20B having same amount of clay. TGA results revealed that the thermal decomposition temperature （Td, 50%） of 2 increased significantly, being 40 K and 17 K higher than that of pure PPC and 1, respectively, while DSC measurements indicated that the nano-filler dispersion of 2 increased the glass transition temperature from 21℃ to 31℃. Accordingly, 2 showed high elastic modulus, hardness and anti-water absorption capacity. These thermal, mechanical alad anti-water absorption improvements are of great importance for the application of PPC as packaging and biomaterials.

关键词： Poly(propylene carbonate) Cloisite 20B Nanocomposite Solution intercalation Thermal property Mechanicalproperty Water absorption property.

Comparative analysis of bacterial contamination in tap and groundwater: A case study on water quality of Quetta City, an arid zone in Pakistan

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2022年第2期10卷 153-165页

作者： Khan Tanzeel akhtar malik Muhammad Malghani Gohram akhtar Rabia Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Life Sciences&InformaticsBalochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Psychology Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta 87300Pakistan

Water is an essential element on earth,which provides human a variety of services in domestic use,agriculture,or ***,some serious health risks of drinking water are associated with microbial contamination,particularly with fecal ***,microbial quality assessment is considered to be a necessary component of water quality *** study investigates microbial contamination of water distributary system around the city by comparing groundwater(GW)and tap water(TW)quality in Quetta city.31 GW samples and 31 TW samples were collected in the study area during the months of September,October,and *** coliform test was carried out in laboratory and their average total coliform contamination was *** showed that the TW sample were all contaminated by coliform except for Chiltan town,hence are not considered suitable for drinking without any treatment according to WHO drinking water quality *** average coliform concentrations were 12 in Quetta main city,11.6 in Jinnah town,5.3 in Satallite town,10 in Shahbaz town and 5 in Brewery town(0/100 mL CFU)and the TW samples from the three towns were even more contaminated with *** among the GW,average microbial concentrations were 1.8 in Quetta main city,2 in Satallite town,1.4 in Shahbaz town,and 0.4 in Chiltan town(0/100 mL CFU),respectively,which shows that the contamination is occurring within the water distributary pipeline system when the water flows through the ***,this research will be valuable for researchers and administrative authorities to conduct elaborative studies,and develop new policies to prevent further deterioration of drinking water in the water distribution system by pathogenic microorganisms and ensure safe drinking water to the public of Quetta city.

关键词： Groundwater quality Microbial contamination Coliform bacteria Drinking water quality

Influence of ellagic acid on prostate cancer cell proliferation:A caspase-dependent pathway

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第7期4卷 550-555页

作者： Arshi malik Sarah Afaq Mohammad Shahid Kafil akhtar Abdullah Assiri Department of Clinical Biochemistry College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Microbiology Jawaharlal Nehru Medical CollegeAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarhIndia Department of Pathology Jawaharlal Nehru Medical CollegeAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarhIndia Interventional Cardiologist College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaKingdom of Saudi Arabia

Objective:To evaluate the effect of allagic acid treatment on the cell viability of human prostate cancer ***:Ellagic acid(10-100 mol/L) treatment(48 h) of human prostate carcinoma PC3 cells was found to result in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and apoptosis of PC3 cells as assessed by MTT assay,western *** cytometry and confocal ***:We observed that ellagic acid treatment of PC3 cells resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of cell growth/cell *** ellagic acid caused cell growth inhibition was found to be accompanied by induction of apoptosis,as assessed by the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) and morphological ***,induction of apoptosis accompanied a decrease in the levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increase in proapoptotic protein *** shifting the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in favor of *** acid treatment of PC3 cells was also found to result in significant activation of caspases,as shown by the dose dependent decrease in the protein expression of procaspase-3,-6.-8 and -*** ellagic acid-mediated induction of apoptosis was significantly(80%-90%) inhibited by the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone(Z-VAD-FMK).Thus these data suggested an essential role of caspases in ellagic acid-mediated apoptosis of PC3 ***:It is tempting to suggest that consumption of tropical pigmented fruits and vegetables could be an effective strategy to combat prostate cancer.

关键词： Ellagic acid Apoptosis Prostate cancer Caspases

Assessment of alpine summit flora in Kashmir Himalaya and its implications for long-term monitoring of climate change impacts

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1974-1988页

作者： Maroof HAMID Anzar Ahmad KHUROO akhtar Hussain malik Rameez AHMAD Chandra Prakash SINGH Centre for Biodiversity&Taxonomy Department of BotanyUniversity of KashmirSrinagar-190006J&KIndia Space Applications Centre Indian Space Research OrganizationAhmedabad-380015India

In an era of climate change,the availability of empirical data on alpine summit vegetation in the Himalaya is still *** we report the assessment of alpine summit flora in Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary,Kashmir *** employed a globally standardized Multi-Summit Approach and four spatially isolated summits spanning an elevation gradient of 210 m(between 3530-3740 m a.s.l.)from natural treeline to nival zone were *** of the summits was carried out in the year 2018 to collect floristic data together with records of soil temperature.A total of 142 vascular plant species were recorded in the sampled *** of the species were of herbaceous growth form and with perennial life *** on Raunkiaer’s life form,hemicryptophytes were the most dominant followed by therophytes and *** summit flora showed the predominance of narrow-endemic species,with broad-and non-endemics declining with elevation.A significant relationship between growth form,Raunkiaer’s life form,and the degree of endemism with elevation was *** species diversity and soil temperature showed a monotonic decrease with increasing ***,soil temperature clearly determined the magnitude of species diversity on the ***,based on floristic composition,the lowest summit had the highest dissimilarity with the rest of the *** present study employed globally standardized protocol to scientifically assess the patterns of plant diversity on the alpine mountain summits of Kashmir Himalaya,which in turn has wide implications towards long-term monitoring of climate change impact on alpine biodiversity in the rapidly warming Himalaya.

关键词： Alpine ecosystem Elevation gradient Endemism Himalaya Mountain summits

Benefitting from Geoinformatics: Estimating Floristic Diversity of Warwan Valley in Northwestern Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第4期12卷 854-863页

作者： akhtar Hussain malik Irfan RASHID Aijaz Hassan GANIE Anzar Ahmad KHUROO Ghulam Hassan DAR Centre for Biodiversity and Taxonomy Department of Botany University of Kashmir Department of Earth Sciences University of Kashmir Department of Botany University of Kashmir Mahatma Gandhi Chair on Ecology and Environment Centre for Biodiversity Studies Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University

The Himalaya harbor rich floristic diversity which is of immense scientific interest and socio-economic *** this study, floristic diversity of a remote alpine valley has been studied based on information extracted from remotely sensed satellite data along with field surveys undertaken during *** of vegetation information from satellite data revealed that ~75% of the area is covered with natural vegetation which comprises lush green coniferous forests, alpine pastures and alpine scrub *** inputs from vegetation information extracted from satellite data, comprehensive field surveys were planned to document the floristic diversity of the *** of species composition showed a total of 285 plant species,belonging to 191 genera in 60 *** these, 250 species are herbs, 14 shrubs, 2 sub-shrubs and 19 *** dicotyledons are represented by 240 species, monocotyledons 30, gymnosperms 04, andpteriodophytes 11 *** is the largest family with 35 *** the present study, 5species（Corydalis cashmeriana, Hippophae rhamnoides, Primula minutissima, Saussurea sacra and Inula orientalis） have been recorded for the first time from this Himalayan *** study demonstrates the benefits of geo-informatics in floristic studies, particularly the robustness of remotely sensed data in identifying areas with potentially high species richness, which would be otherwise difficult in a complex mountainous terrain using traditional floristic surveys *** present study is expected to provide baseline scientific data for cutting edge studies relating to long term ecological research, bioprospecting, possible impacts of changing climate on vegetation and sustainable use of plant resources in this Himalayan region.

关键词： Floristic diversity Northwestern Himalaya Remote sensing GIS Vegetation sampling

A systematic study on the role of SentiWordNet in opinion mining

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2021年第4期15卷 165-183页

作者： Mujtaba HUSNAIN malik Muhammad Saad MISSEN Nadeem akhtar Mickael COUSTATY Shahzad MUMTAZ V.B.Surya PRASATH Department of IT Faculty of ComputingThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Laboratoire Informatique Image et Interaction(L3i)Facultés des Sciences et TechnologiesUniversity of La RochelleLa Rochelle 17000France Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati 45229USA Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati 45229USA Department of Biomedical Informatics College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnati 45267USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of CincinnatiCincinnati 45221USA

Sentiment lexicons(SL)(aka lexical resources)are the repositories of one or several dictionaries that consist of known and precompiled sentiment *** lexicons play an important role in performing several different opinion mining *** efficacy of the lexicon-based approaches in performing opinion mining(OM)tasks solely depends on selecting an appropriate opinion lexicon to analyze the ***,one has to explore the available sentiment lexicons and then select the most suitable *** available resources,SentiWordNet(SWN)is the most widely used lexicon to perform tasks related to opinion *** SWN,each synset of WordNet is being assigned the three sentiment numerical scores;positive,negative and objective that are calculated using by a set of *** this paper,a detailed and comprehensive review of the work related to opinion mining using Senti-WordNet is provided in a very distinctive *** survey will be useful for the researchers contributing to the field of opinion *** features make our contribution worthwhile and unique among the reviews of similar kind:(i)our review classifies the existing literature with respect to opinion mining tasks and subtasks(ii)it covers a very different outlook of the opinion mining field by providing in-depth discussions of the existing works at different granularity levels(word,sentences,document,aspect,clause,and concept levels)(iii)this state-ofart review covers each article in the following dimensions:the designated task performed,granularity level of the task completed,results obtained,and feature dimensions,and(iv)lastly it concludes the summary of the related articles according to the granularity levels,publishing years,related tasks(or subtasks),and types of classifiers *** the end,major challenges and tasks related to lexicon-based approaches towards opinion mining are also discussed.

关键词： opinion mining lexical based resources Senti-WordNet opinion strength

Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein Q genotypes and their susceptibility to antiadhesive phytotherapeutic agents

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第5期15卷 398-406页

作者： javed Yakoob Zaigham Abbas malik Hassan Mehmood Kanwal Tariq Saima Azhar Saleem Safia Awan Abdul malik Saeed Hamid Rustam Khan Wasim Jafri Department of Medicine Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Biological Biomedical Sciences Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan

OBJECTIVE： Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative organism. Its outer membrane protein Q（Hop Q） mediates host-pathogen interactions; Hop Q genotypes 1 and 2 are found associating with gastroduodenal pathologies. The authors measured the anti-adhesion effects of the extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus, Zingiber officinale, Trachyspermum ammi, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Curcuma longa and Capsicum annum against Hop Q genotypes and H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A（Cag A）.METHODS： DNA was extracted by polymerase chain reaction of the Hop Q genotypes（i.e., type 1, type 2 and Cag A） from 115 H. pylori strains. The effect of the extracts from selected dietary ingredients was determined using a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line and a quantitative DNA fragmentation assay. The anti-adhesive effect of these extracts on H. pylori was tested using an anti-adhesion ***： C. annum, C. longa and A. esculentus showed prominent anti-adhesion effects with resultant values of 17.3% ± 2.9%, 14.6% ± 3.7%, 13.8% ± 3.6%, respectively, against Hop Q type 1 and 13.1% ± 1.7%, 12.1% ± 2%, 11.1% ± 1.6%, respectively, against Hop Q type 2. C. longa（93%）, C. annum（89%） and A. esculentus（75%） had better anti-adhesive activity against H. pylori with Hop Q type 1 compared to Hop Q type 2 with respective values of 70%, 64% and 51%. Extracts of C. annum（14.7% ± 4.1%）, A. esculentus（12.3% ± 4.1%） and Z. officinale（8.4% ± 2.8%） had an anti-adhesion effect against Cag A-positive H. pylori strains compared to Cag A-negative strains.

关键词： outer membrane protein Q Helicobacter pylori anti-adhesion Abelmoschus esculentus Capsicum annum Curcuma Ionga