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Antibiotics in two municipal sewage treatment plants in Sri Lanka:Occurrence,consumption and removal efficiency

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 272-278页

作者： Dilanka n.D.Samaraweera Xin Liu Guangcai Zhong Tilak Priyadarshana Riffat naseem malik Gan Zhang Mahdi Safaei Khorram Zewen Zhu Xianzhi Peng Zewen Zhu a Xianzhi Peng a a State Key Laboratory of Organic GeochemistryGuangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences&Technology University of RuhunaMataraSri Lanka Department of Environmental Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan

Most of the monitoring data on the occurrence of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants(STPs)have been reported from Europe,north America and some countries in northeast Asia,while very limited data can be found in Southeast Asian *** a pioneering research in Sri Lanka,we collected 24 h composite wastewater samples at the influent and effluent of two municipal STPs for consecutive 7 days to investigate occurrence,consumption and removal efficiency of seventeen *** STP was located in Colombo and Hikkaduwa,respectively,representing two kinds of communities(*** and tourists)in Sri *** targeted antibiotics were extracted by solid-phase extraction method and detected on an Agilent HPLCMSMS(1290/6470QQQ).Results illustrated that the majority of the antibiotics can be always detected from both STPs,except for chlorotetracycine(CTC),doxycycline(DOX)and florfenicol(FF).Fluoroquinolones(FQs)were detected at highest concentrations with ciprofloxacin(CIP)being the dominant *** of CIP in the influent samples were in the range of 433 e6010 ng/*** consumption of antibiotics was estimated on the basis of influent mass load and catchment population *** found difference in consumption patterns between the two served *** to local people in Colombo,tourists in Hikkaduwa appeared to take more antibiotics during the study period with the estimated daily dose of 0.25 g per 1000 ***,macrolides accounted for a larger portion than FQs in Hikkaduwa,with azithromycin(AZM)being the most prevalent antibacterial *** comparison with an official report by Medical Supplies Division of Sri Lanka,we conjected that AZM was not commonly used among local people and it was mainly introduced by foreign *** for the removal efficiency,the activated sludge system of Colombo exhibited better elimination and more stable performance than the constructed wetland process of Hikkaduwa.

关键词： Antibiotics Sewage treatment plants(STPs) Activated sludge process Constructed wetland Consumption Removal efficiency Sri Lanka

nitrogen fractionation of certain conventional-and lesser-known by-products for ruminants

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Animal nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 186-190页

作者： M.S.Mahesh Sudarshan S.Thakur Rohit Kumar Tariq A.malik Rajkumar Gami Animal nutrition Division ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University) Division of Animal nutrition Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology-Jammu nDDB-Ration Balancing Program Office

Dietary proteins for ruminants are fractionated according to solubility, degradability and digestibility. In the present experiment, 11 vegetable protein meals and cakes used in ruminant nutrition were included with a main focus on determining various nitrogen(n) fractions in vitro. Total n(n×6.25) content varied from 22.98%(mahua cake) to 65.16%(maize gluten meal), respectively. Guar meal korma contained the lowest and rice gluten meal had the highest acid detergent insoluble nitrogen(ADIn; n×6.25). Boratephosphate insoluble n(BIn, n×6.25) and Streptomyces griseus protease insoluble n(PIn; n×6.25) were higher(Pn maize gluten meal than in other feeds, whereas groundnut cake and sunflower cake had lower(P n, and PIn, respectively. Available n, calculated with the assumption that ADIn is indigestible, was maximum in guar meal korma and minimum in rice gluten meal. Furthermore, rapid and slowly degradable n(n × 6.25) was found to be higher(P n groundnut cake and coconut cake, respectively. Intestinal digestion of rumen undegradable protein, expressed as percent of PIn, was maximum in guar meal korma and minimum in rice gluten meal. It was concluded that vegetable protein meals differed considerably in n fractions, and therefore, a selective inclusion of particular ingredient is needed to achieve desired level of n fractions to aid precision n rationing for an improved production performance of ruminants.

关键词： ADIn Protein degradability Soluble protein Streptomyces griseus protease

Impact of preoperative antibiotics and other variables on integrated microbiome-host transcriptomic data generated from colorectal cancer resections

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第14期27卷 1465-1482页

作者： Sarah A malik Chencan Zhu Jinyu Li Joseph F LaComb Paula I Denoya Igor Kravets Joshua D Miller Jie Yang Melissa Kramer W Richard McCombie Charles E Robertson Daniel n Frank Ellen Li Department of Medicine Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Stony Brook Cancer Center Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Department of Pathology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Department of Surgery Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Department of Family Population and Preventive MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794United States Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cancer Center Sequencing Technologies and Analysis Shared Resource Cold Spring HarborNY 11724United States Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045United States

BACKGROUnD Integrative multi-omic approaches have been increasingly applied to discovery and functional studies of complex human ***-term preoperative antibiotics have been adopted to reduce site infections in colorectal cancer(CRC)*** hypothesize that the antibiotics will impact analysis of multi-omic datasets generated from resection samples to investigate biological CRC risk *** To assess the impact of preoperative antibiotics and other variables on integrated microbiome and human transcriptomic data generated from archived CRC resection *** Genomic DnA(gDnA)and RnA were extracted from prospectively collected 51 pairs of frozen sporadic CRC tumor and adjacent non-tumor mucosal samples from 50 CRC patients archived at a single medical center from *** 16S rRnA gene sequencing(V3V4 region,paired end,300 bp)and confirmatory quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)assays were conducted on *** sequencing(IPE,125 bp)was performed on parallel tumor and non-tumor RnA samples with RnA Integrity numbers scores≥*** PERMAnOVA detected significant effects of tumor vs nontumor histology(P=0.002)and antibiotics(P=0.001)on microbialβ-diversity,but CRC tumor location(left vs right),diabetes mellitus vs not diabetic and Black/African Ancestry(AA)vs not Black/AA,did not reach *** mixed models detected significant tumor vs nontumor histology*antibiotics interaction terms for 14 genus level *** confirmed increased Fusobacterium abundance in tumor vs nontumor groups,and detected significantly reduced bacterial load in the(+)antibiotics *** coordinate analysis of the transcriptomic data showed a clear separation between tumor and nontumor *** expressed genes obtained from separate analyses of tumor and nontumor samples,are presented for the antibiotics,CRC location,diabetes and Black/AA race *** Recent adoption of additional preoperative antibiotics as sta

关键词： Colorectal cancer Antibiotics African Continental Ancestry Group Diabetes mellitus 16S rRnA gene RnA-sequencing

Vanillin cross-linked hydrogel membranes interfacial reinforced by carbon nitride nanosheets for enhanced antibacterial activity and mechanical properties

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第4期34卷 164-171页

作者： Umer Shahzad malik Qixiang Duan Muhammad Bilal K.niazi Zaib Jahan Usman Liaqat Farooq Sher Yanchang Gan Honghao Hou School of Chemical and Materials Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Department of Engineering School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUnited Kingdom

Biopolymer based hydrogels are highly adaptable, compatible and have shown great potential in biological tissues in biomedical applications. However, the development of bio-based hydrogels with high strength and effective antibacterial activity remains challenging. Herein, a series of vanillin-cross-linked chitosan nanocomposite hydrogel interfacially reinforced by g-C_(3)n_(4)nanosheet carrying starch-caped Ag nPs were prepared for wound healing applications. The study aimed to enhance the strength, sustainability and control release ability of the fabricated membranes. Starch-caped silver nanoparticles were incorporated to enhance the anti-bacterial activities The fabricated membranes were assessed using various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, mechanical testing, Gel fraction and porosity alongside traditional biomedical tests i.e., swelling percentage, moisture retention ability, water vapor transmission rate, oxygen permeability, anti-bacterial activity and drug-release of the fabricated membranes. The mechanical strength reached as high as 25.9 ± 0.24 MPa for the best optimized sample. The moisture retention lied between 87%–89%, gel fraction 80%–85%, and water vapor transmission up to 104 ± 1.9g m^(-2)h^(-1)showing great properties of the fabricated membrane. Swelling percentage surged to 225% for blood while porosity fluctuated between 44% ± 2.1% and 52.5% ± 2.3%. Oxygen permeability reached up to 8.02 mg/L showing the breathable nature of fabricated membranes. The nanocomposite membrane shown excellent antibacterial activity for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with a maximum zone of inhibition 30 ± 0.25 mm and 36.23 ± 0.23 mm respectively. Furthermore, nanoparticles maintained sustainable release following non-fickian diffusion. The fabricated membrane demonstrated the application of inorganic filler to enhance the strength of biopolymer hydrogel with superior *** results envisage the potential of synthesized m

关键词： Green synthesis Sustainable membranes Starch capped silver nanoparticles g-C_(3)n_(4)nanosheets Wound dressing Antibacterial

Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) activity of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 and its synergistic action in combination with antibiotics

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第12期10卷 1140-1145页

作者： Sharon Edith Grazia Sumayyah Sumayyah Fakhri Subhana Haiti Muhamad Sahlan nicholas C.K. Heng Amarila malik Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Group Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas IndonesiaUI Campus DepokDepok 16424Indonesia Division of Bioprocess Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas IndonesiaUI Campus DepokDepok 16424Indonesia research centre for biomedical engineering faculty of engineering universitas indonesiaui campus depok Sir John Walsh Research Institute Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OtagoP.O. Box 56Dunedin 9054New Zealand

Objective: To characterize the bacteriocin-like inhibitory-substances(BLIS) activity of Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 [named BLIS(MBF10-2)], a bacteriocinogenic strain isolated from an Indonesian tofu ***: BLIS(MBF10-2) was obtained by culturing the bacterium, and standard deferred antagonism assays were used to demonstrate its activity. The antibacterial testing of fractions collected by filtration using 3–30 kDa cut-off membrane sizes were carried out by performing well diffusion ***: The growth of Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Lactococcus lactis,Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Weissella confusa were inhibited by BLIS(MBF10-2).Interestingly, BLIS-containing fractions obtained from sequential application on ultrafiltration membranes indicated that this bacterium Streptococcus macedonicus MBF10-2 could produces at least two antimicrobial peptides activities, one of which is likely to be a lantibiotic peptide. Potential synergistic activity against certain Gram-positive(but not Gram-negative) species when partnered with antibiotics(ampicillin, tetracycline or kanamycin) were ***: Combination of some BLIS(MBF10-2) active fractions with antibiotics(ampicillin, tetracycline or kanamycin) could demonstrate synergistic activities against certain Gram-positive species.

关键词： Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance Deferred antagonism assay Lantibiotic Protein fractionation Streptococcus macedonicus Well diffusion assay

Fight against COVID-19: Survey of Spices &Herbs Used in north India

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第3期11卷 256-266页

作者： Ayalur Gopalakrishnan Radhika Himani malik Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital Delhi India

Treatments for the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic continue to be researched. Clinical trials with antivirals or immunomodulators have met with variable success. Traditional herbal remedies for health problems are popular for prevention and treatment of ailments especially in low resource countries. It is notable that morbidity and mortality from COVID were lower in low resource countries compared to the west. Other factors attributed to this difference include ethnicity, temperature, humidity, innate immunity, and nutrition.ng> Objective: ng>To identify the traditional herbs used for protection against COVID, in north India. ng>Method:ng> This questionnaire-based survey was conducted from August to September 2020 at five districts in north India. Participation in the brief interview was voluntary. Responses were recorded in a predesigned questionnaire (Annexure). Descriptive data analysis was done.ng> Results:ng> A total of 250 people participated in the interview. Majority (84.4%) of the respondents used mask. A total of 66.8% of the respondents confirmed using traditional herbs and spices. Most frequently used home remedies were decoction of herbs including ginger, Tinospora cordifolia, turmeric, black pepper, carom seeds. Turmeric milk was also popular choice. COVID positivity was present in family members of 4% (n = 10) of the respondents, of these four did not consume any herbs. ng>Conclusions: ng>This study provides an overview on the use of home remedies in north India. Given the scarcity of reliable information on home remedies and traditional medicines, further research is needed to develop robust evidence for their role in disease prevention and treatment.

关键词： Home Remedies Kadha Traditional Medicine COVID Corona Spices Herbs Minor Health Ailments

On a new Equation for Critical Current Density Directly in Terms of the BCS Interaction Parameter, Debye Temperature and the Fermi Energy of the Superconductor

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2013年第2期3卷 103-110页

作者： G. P. malik Theory Group School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India

Recasting the BCS theory in the larger framework of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, a new equation is derived for the temperature-dependent critical current density jc(T) of an elemental superconductor (SC) directly in terms of the basic parameters of the theory, namely the dimensionless coupling constant [n(0)V], the Debye temperature θD and, additionally, the Fermi energy EF—unlike earlier such equations based on diverse, indirect criteria. Our approach provides an ab initio theoretical justification for one of the latter, text book equations invoked at T = 0 which involves Fermi momentum;additionally, it relates jc with the relevant parameters of the problem at T ≠ 0. noting that the numerical value of EF of a high-Tc SC is a necessary input for the construction of its Fermi surface—which sheds light on its gap-structure, we also briefly discuss extension of our approach for such SCs.

关键词： Critical Current Density BCS Parameters Fermi Energy Elemental/non-Elemental Superconductors

Conservation of T cell epitopes between seasonal influenza viruses and the novel influenza A H7n9 virus

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第3期29卷 170-175页

作者： Huawei Mao Hui-Ling Yen Yinping Liu Yu-Lung Lau J.S.malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Department of Paediatrics The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong Kong Centre of Influenza Research School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong

A novel avian influenza A(H7n9) virus recently emerged in the Yangtze River delta and caused diseases, often severe, in over 130 people. This H7n9 virus appeared to infect humans with greater ease than previous avian influenza virus subtypes such as H5n1 and H9n2. While there are other potential explanations for this large number of human infections with an avian influenza virus, we investigated whether a lack of conserved T-cell epitopes between endemic H1n1 and H3n2 influenza viruses and the novel H7n9 virus contributes to this observation. Here we demonstrate that a number of T cell epitopes are conserved between endemic H1n1 and H3n2 viruses and H7n9 virus. Most of these conserved epitopes are from viral internal proteins. The extent of conservation between endemic human seasonal influenza and avian influenza H7n9 was comparable to that with the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5n1. Thus, the ease of inter-species transmission of H7n9 viruses(compared with avian H5n1 viruses) cannot be attributed to the lack of conservation of such T cell epitopes. On the contrary, our findings predict significant T-cell based cross-reactions in the human population to the novel H7n9 virus. Our findings also have implications for H7n9 virus vaccine design.

关键词： H7n9 influenza virus T cell epitope conservation clinical phenotype vaccine immunity

Caudal and Penile Blocks Demonstrate Similar Reliability and Efficacy in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Circumcision: A Meta-Analysis

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2016年第5期7卷 309-319页

作者： Kiran malik Ronald S. Chamberlain Saint George’s University School of Medicine Grenada West Indies Department of Surgery Saint Barnabas Medical Center Livingston USA Department of Surgery New Jersey Medical School Rutgers University Newark USA

Purpose: Circumcision is one of the most common surgeries performed in the pediatric population. Multiple regional analgesic techniques, including caudal (CB) and penile block (PB), have championed as offering optimal analgesia for circumcision in the post-neonatal pediatric population without clear consensus. This meta-analysis sought to investigate CB and PB’s analgesic efficacy and the impact on postoperative analgesic requirements in pediatric circumcisions. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library (1966-2016) was completed to identify all published randomized control trials (RCTs). Keywords searched included “circumcision”, “caudal block”, “penile block”, and “analgesia”. Inclusion criteria were limited to the comparison of PB versus CB in children less than 18 years of age and its efficacy towards circumcision. The efficacy, time to first additive analgesia, time to first micturition, duration of prolonged motor blockade, incidence of vomiting, and length of stay were analyzed. Results: 9 RCTs involving 574 children (n = 287 in CB and PB) were included. no differences in analgesic efficacy (relative risk (RR) = 0.983, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95 to 1.02;p = 0.328) or time to first additive analgesia were observed (standardized difference in mean (SDM) = 0.438, 95% CI = -0.04 to 0.92;p = 0.073). Time to first micturition (SDM = 0.680, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.96;p p = 0.007) were significantly prolonged in patients receiving CB. no differences were observed between groups in regards to the incidence of vomiting (RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.91 to 2.67;p = 0.107) and length of stay (SDM = 0.741, 95% CI = -0.05 to 1.53;p = 0.066). Conclusion: CB and PB offer similar analgesic success rates for pediatric patients (age 18 months to 16 years) undergoing circumcision. CB is associated with a trend towards longer duration of analgesia, but is associated with prolonged urinary retention and delayed ambulation. CB use is reco

关键词： Circumcision Caudal Block Penile Block