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Application of artificial intelligence in surgery

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Frontiers of Medicine 2020年第4期14卷 417-430页

作者： Xiao-Yun Zhou Yao Guo mali Shen Guang-Zhong Yang The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Artificial intelligence(AI)is gradually changing the practice of surgery with technological advancements in imaging,navigation,and robotic *** this article,we review the recent successful and influential applications of AI in surgery from preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to its integration into surgical *** conclude this review by summarizing the current state,emerging trends,and major challenges in the future development of AI in surgery.

关键词： artificial intelligence surgical autonomy medical robotics deep learning

Euphorbia neriifolia L.:Review on botany,ethnomedicinal uses,phytochemistry and biological activities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第5期10卷 408-417页

作者： Prashant Y.mali Shital S.Panchal Department of Pharmacology Institute of PharmacyNirma UniversityAhmedabadGujaratIndia

The present review is intended to provide information on botany,ethnomedicinal uses,phytochemistry and biological activities of various parts of Euphorbia neriifolia(E. neriifolia). E. neriifolia has several ethnomedicinal uses. The latex of E. neriifolia is used as laxative,purgative,rubefacient,carminative and expectorant as well as in treatment of whooping cough,gonorrhea,leprosy,asthma,dyspepsia,jaundice,enlargement of the spleen,tumors,stone in the bladder,abdominal troubles and leucoderma. Leaves are brittle,heating,carminative,and good for improving the appetite and treatment of tumors,pains,inflammations,abdominal swellings and bronchial infections. Roots are used as symptomatic treatment of snake bite,scorpion sting and antispasmodic. Various plant parts or whole E. neriifolia extract and its isolates have been reported scientifically using various in-vivo and in-vitro experimental methods for anaesthetic,analgesic,anti-anxiety,anti-convulsant,anti-psychotic,anti-arthritis,anti-carcinogenic,antidiabetic,anti-diarrhoeal,anti-inflammatory,anti-thrombotic,antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiulcer,cytotoxic,death-receptor expression enhancing,dermal irritation,diuretic,hemolytic,immunomodulatory,radioprotective,scorpion venom and wound healing properties. It is reported to have chemical constituents like,neriifolin-S,neriifolin,neriifoliene,euphol,neriifolione,cycloartenol,nerifoliol,lectin,euphonerins A–G,3-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloylingol,taraxerol,antiquorin,etc. Identified chemical constituents are still required to be explored for their advanced isolation techniques and biological activities.

关键词： Euphorbia neriifolia Botany Ethnomedicinal uses Phytochemistry Anti-cancer

Euphorbia tirucalli L.:Review on morphology,medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacological activities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第7期7卷 603-613页

作者： Prashant Y. mali Shital S. Panchal Department of Pharmacology Institute of Pharmacy Nirma University Ahmedabad Gujarat India

The intention of current review is to make available up-to-date information on morphology, ecological biodiversity, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacolog-ical activities on different parts of Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli). This plant has a number of medicinal uses. Latex of E. tirucalli is vesicant and rubefacient which is used for rheumatism, warts, cough, asthma, ear-ache, tooth-ache and neuralgia. It acts as a purgative in small doses while in big doses it is bitter irritant and emetic. Milky juice is alexiteric, carminative and purgative. It is useful in whooping cough, gonorrhea, asthma, leprosy, dropsy, dyspepsia, enlargement of spleen, colic, jaundice and stone in bladder. The fresh milky juice is good alternative in syphilis and a good application in neuralgia. A decoction of branches is used in gastralgia and colic. Bark is used in treatment of fractures. Poultices prepared from the stem are useful to repair the broken bones. Boiled root liquid acts as an emetic in cases of snake-bite and for infertility in women. The wood is used for rafters, toys and veneering purposes. It is also useful against leprosy and foot paralysis subsequent to childbirth. E. tirucalli is reported to have euphol, β-sitosterol, euphorbol hexacosonate, cycloeuphordenol, cyclotirucanenol, tirucalicine, tri-methyl ellagic acid, gallic acids, terpenic alcohol, isoeuphorol, taraxasterol, tirucallol, euphor-one, euphorcinol, euphorbins, 12-deoxy-4β-hydroxyphorbol-13-phenyl acetate-20-acetate, 12, 20-dideoxyphorbol-13-isobutyrate, glut-5-en-3-β-ol, 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid, euphorbin-A (polyphenol), tirucallin-A (7) (tannin), tirucallin-B (11), euphorbin-F (14) (dimers), cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartenol, ingenol triacetate, 12-deoxy-4β-hydroxyphorbol-13-phenyl acetate-20-acetate, taraxerone, euphorginol, taraxerol, cam-pesterol, stigmasterol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid,β-amyrin, etc. active phytoconstituents. E. tirucalli have possessed activity in human-lymphocy

关键词： Euphorbia tirucalli Morphology Ecological biodiversity Medicinal uses Phytochemistry Anticancer

Classical and quantum phases in hexagonal boron nitride-combined van der Waals heterostructures

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InfoMat 2021年第3期3卷 252-270页

作者： Shoujun Zheng mali Zhao Linfeng Sun Heejun Yang Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonSouth Korea

Since the discovery of graphene,two-dimensional(2D)layered materials have attracted extensive attention owing to their unique properties and promising potential *** particular,van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures,artificially stacked with 2D materials,have provided an excellent platform to explore various applications and to unveil long-standing mysteries in quantum and condensed matter ***,we discuss recent progress in novel classical and quantum phases in vdW heterostructures,emerging through thickness-dependent hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)combined with graphene and transitional metal *** a cornerstone of vdW heterostructures,the h-BN plays diverse roles,such as tunneling barriers,dielectric layers,clean substrates,and capping layers,to realize numerous intriguing devices:field-effect transistors,tunneling light-emitting diodes,resonant tunneling diodes,nonvolatile memories,Bose-Einstein condensation,topological insulators,and graphene-based *** vdW heterostructures with various roles of h-BN continue to enrich our knowledge for quantum physics and practical future device applications.

关键词： heterostructure quantum hexagonal

Exciton dynamics in different aromatic hydrocarbon systems

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第10期29卷 438-443页

作者： Milica Rutonjski Petar mali Slobodan Radosevic Sonja Gombar Milan Pantic Milica Pavkov-Hrvojevic Department of Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovicu 421000 Novi SadSerbia

The exciton dispersion is examined in the case of four selected prototypical molecular solids: pentacene, tetracene, picene, and chrysene. The model parameters are determined by fitting to experimental data obtained by inelastic electron scattering. Within the picture that relies on Frenkel-type excitons we obtain that theoretical dispersion curves along different directions in the Brillouin zone are in good agreement with the experimental data, suggesting that the influence of charge-transfer excitons on exciton dispersion of the analyzed organic solids is not as large as proposed. In reciprocal space directions where Davydov splitting is observed we employ the upgraded version of Hamiltonian used in Materials 11, 2219 (2018).

关键词： aromatic hydrocarbons exciton dispersion Heisenberg model Davydov splitting

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Anisotropic stimulated emission cross-section measurement in Nd:YVO_4

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第4期28卷 202-206页

作者： Rui Guo Yijie Shen Yuan Meng mali Gong Department of Precision Instrument State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments Tsinghua University Department of Precision Instrument State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University

As a crucial parameter in the design and analysis of laser performances, stimulated emission(SE) cross-section is currently considered to be dependent on several factors, such as temperatures and eigen-polarizations for anisotropic crystals. In contrast with these factors, impact of propagating directions upon SE cross-section has garnered less *** this paper, to investigate the SE cross-section in arbitrary propagating directions, fluorescence spectra for the transition ~4F_(3/2)→~4I_(11/2) in Nd:YVO_4 are measured in different propagating directions. Based on Fuchtbauer–Ladenburg equation model, the propagating direction-dependent SE cross-section spectra in Nd:YVO_4 are obtained for the first time, to our best knowledge. A novel concept of anisotropic SE cross-section is proposed to interpret the propagating direction-dependent effect. The experiment results reveal that for an arbitrary propagating direction the SE cross-section of e light around 1064 nm can be expressed as a superposition from two principle axial propagating directions with a weight of plane projection.

关键词： solid-state lasers stimulated emission cross-section Nd:YVO4 laser spectroscopy

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Adsorption of Fe on GaAs（100）Surface

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2003年第4期39卷 473-476页

作者： WEIShu－Yi mali WANGJian－Guang WANGTian－Xing CollegeofPhysics＆InformaitonEngineering HenanNormalUniversityXinxiang453002China

The adsorption of one monolayer Fe atoms on an ideal GaAs (100) surface is studied by using the self-consistent tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method. The Fe adatom chemisorption on Ga- and As-terminatedsurface are considered separately. A monolayer of S atoms is used to saturate the dangling bonds on one of the supercellsurfaces. Energies of adsorption systems of an Fe atom on different sites are calculated, and the charge transfers areinvestigated. It is found that Fe-As interaction is stronger than Fe-Ga interaction and Fe atoms prefer to be adsorbed onthe As-terminated surface. It is possible for the adsorbed Fe atoms to sit below the As-terminated surface resulting inan Fe-Ga-As mixed layer. The layer projected density states are calculated and compared with that of the clean surface.

关键词： chemisorption supercell interaction low index single crystal surfaces

Neuroprotective potential of cannabidiol:Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第3期21卷 236-244页

作者： Srushti M.Tambe Suraj mali Purnima D.Amin Mozaniel Oliveira Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Institute of Chemical TechnologyMatunga EastMumbai 400019India Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Birla Institute of TechnologyRanchi 835215India Adolpho Ducke Laboratory Emilio Goeldi MuseumPara 66077-830Brazil

Cannabidiol(CBD),a nonpsychotropic phytocannabinoid that was once largely disregarded,is currently the subject of significant medicinal *** is found in Cannabis sativa,and has a myriad of neuropharmacological impacts on the central nervous system,including the capacity to reduce neuroinflammation,protein misfolding and oxidative *** the other hand,it is well established that CBD generates its biological effects without exerting a large amount of intrinsic activity upon cannabinoid *** of this,CBD does not produce undesirable psychotropic effects that are typical of marijuana ***,CBD displays the exceptional potential to become a supplementary medicine in various neurological ***,many clinical trials are being conducted to investigate this *** review focuses on the therapeutic effects of CBD in managing neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease and ***,this review aims to build a stronger understanding of CBD and provide guidance for future fundamental scientific and clinical investigations,opening a new therapeutic window for neuroprotection.

关键词： Cannabis sativa Cannabidiol Natural products Bioactive compounds Anti-neurodegenerative diseases

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Creation and control of high-dimensional multi-partite classically entangled light

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第5期10卷 796-805页

作者： Yjie Shen Iaac Nape Xilin Yang Xing Fu mali Gong Darryl Naidoo Andrew Forbes School of Physics University of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3Wits 2050South Africa State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology(Tsinghua University) Ministry of Education100084 BeijingChina CSIR National Laser Centre PO Box 395Pretoria 0001South Africa Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton S0171BJUK

Vector beams,non-separable in spatial mode and polarisation,have emerged as enabling tools in many diverse applications,from communication to *** applicability has been achieved by sophisticated laser designs controlling the spin and orbital angular momentum,but so far is restricted to only two-dimensional *** we demonstrate the first vectorially structured light created and fully controlled in eight dimensions,a new *** externally modulate our beam to control,for the frst time,the complete set of classical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)states in paraxial structured light beams,in analogy with high-dimensional multi-partite quantum entangled states,and introduce a new tomography method to verify their *** complete theoretical framework reveals a rich parameter space for further extending the dimensionality and degrees of freedom,opening new pathways for vetorilly structured light in the classical and quantum regimes.

关键词： quantum analogy dimensions