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Limited impacts of occasional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee s.Paye Vesh R.Thapa Rajan Ghimire New Mexico state University Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA New Mexico state University Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage management that minimizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increase soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occasional disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(sOC)storage within aggregates has not been studied *** evaluated the effect of four tillage management practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected C and N,mineral-associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C),particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C),and corn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping *** included conventional tillage(CT),strip-tillage(sT),no-tillage(NT),and occasional tillage(OT)management in a corn-sorghum *** macro-aggregates were 51-54%greater under sT,NT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduced soil aggregate-associated C by 28-31%in macro-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 months(M)sampling compared to sT,NT,and *** clay+silt fraction,CT had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less sOC at 7,14,and 26M samplings,respectively,than sT,NT,and *** associated N was generally similar under sT,NT,and OT,which was greater on average than *** MOAM-C and POM-C under sT,NT,and OT were generally greater than respective sOC fractions under CT at 19 and 26 M after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under sT,NT,and OT than CT in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower sOC and N storage,a single stubble mulch occasional tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil C and N losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： Conventional tillage Occasional tillage Aggregate associated carbon Mineral associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C) Particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C)

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The autophagy protein Atg9 functions in glia and contributes to parkinsonian symptoms in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1150-1155页

作者： shuanglong Yi Linfang Wang Margaret s.Ho shiping Zhang school of Life science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina College of Life sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits,dopaminergic neuron loss,and brain accumulation ofα-synuclein aggregates called Lewy *** in protein degradation pathways,such as autophagy,has been demonstrated in neurons as a critical mechanism for eliminating protein aggregates in Parkinson’s ***,it is less well understood how protein aggregates are eliminated in glia,the other cell type in the *** the present study,we show that autophagy-related gene 9(Atg9),the only transmembrane protein in the autophagy machinery,is highly expressed in Drosophila glia from adult *** from immunostaining and live cell imaging analysis reveal that a portion of Atg9 localizes to the trans-Golgi network,autophagosomes,and lysosomes in ***9 is persistently in contact with these *** glial atg9 reduces the number of omegasomes and autophagosomes,and impairs autophagic substrate *** suggests that glial Atg9 participates in the early steps of autophagy,and hence the control of autophagic ***,loss of glial atg9 induces parkinsonian symptoms in Drosophila including progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons,locomotion deficits,and glial *** findings identify a functional role of Atg9 in glial autophagy and establish a potential link between glial autophagy and Parkinson’s *** results may provide new insights on the underlying mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： Atg9 autophagy glia Parkinson’s disease

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QCD sum rule study of J^(P)=1^(±)exotic states with two heavy quarks in the molecular picture

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 31-37页

作者： T.M.Aliev s.Bilmis M.savcı Department of Physics Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara06800Turkey TUBITAK ULAKBIM Ankara06510Turkey

In this study,the spectroscopic parameters of exotic molecular states composed of mesons containing two heavy quarks(scalar-axial and pseudoscalar-axial meson combinations)are investigated within the QCD sum *** findings reveal that molecular states containing charm quarks do not form bound states,whereas states with b-quarks can form exotic molecular *** observation has significant implications for understanding the structure of these exotic states.

关键词： QCD sum rules exotic mesons molecular states

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Poverty Volatility and Tax Revenue Instability in Developing Countries

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and social sciences 2024年第2期17卷 279-311页

作者： sèna Kimm Gnangnon World Trade Organization Rue de Lausanne 154CH-1211Geneva 21Switzerland

This paper complements the relatively few existing studies on the macroeconomic effects of poverty in developing countries, by investigating the effect of poverty volatility on tax revenue instability. The empirical analysis has been conducted using an unbalanced panel dataset of 97 developing countries covering the period of 1980–2017 and primarily the two-step system generalized method of moments estimator. Findings have revealed that least developed countries tend to experience a positive tax revenue instability effect of poverty volatility, while poverty volatility results in lower tax revenue instability in relatively advanced countries. Additionally, poverty volatility dampens the instability of tax revenue when poverty rates are low, and enhances it when countries face a greater extent of external shocks. From a policy perspective, this analysis shows that it would be essential for policymakers to dampen the volatility of poverty rates (notably in countries with high poverty rates) if they were to ensure the stability of tax revenue or reduce its instability, given the adverse effect of tax revenue instability on economic growth.

关键词： Poverty volatility Poverty rates External shocks Tax revenue instability

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The Metaverse:Innovations and generative AI

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International Journal of Innovation studies 2024年第3期8卷 262-272页

作者： Jussi s.Jauhiainen Department of Geography and Geology University of Turku20014TurkuFinland Institute of Ecology and the Earth science University of TartuVanemuise 4650011TartuEstonia

Today,the Metaverse consists of various platforms,including digital twins of the physical world as well as virtual and blended digital-material environments that offer immersive experiences for individual *** going beyond solely physical or virtual realms,these platforms unlock new possibilities for exploration,experimentation,and *** makes it possible to transcend the limitations of innovation processes confined to physical locations,so the Metaverse is thus poised to drive groundbreaking *** article explores the Metaverse as an innovation platform,its opportunities and challenges,including the role of generative AI in *** discusses how the Metaverse,as a collaboration,creativity,and technological platform,supports innovation *** embracing the possibilities and challenges offered by the Metaverse and leveraging the capabilities of generative AI within it,a future in which individuals can truly explore novel synergies between the physical and digital realms,thriving various kinds of *** is crucial to achieve holistic sustainability impacts both within the Metaverse innovation platform and as its outputs.

关键词： Metaverse Innovation Generative AI Collaboration sustainability Creativity ChatGPT

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Interactivity software tools for teaching in ophthalmology

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Annals of Eye science 2024年第1期9卷 10-23页

作者： Jesús Barrio-Barrio Department of Ophthalmology Navarra University Clinic HospitalNavarra Institute for Health ResearchIdiSNAPamplonaSpain

The use of interactive audience software,such as audience response systems(ARs),in medical education has become increasingly popular in recent *** technology allows instructors to engage students in real time,encouraging active participation and promoting effective *** benefits of interactive audience software in medical education include increased student engagement,promotion of active learning,and enhanced learning ***,there are also several challenges to its implementation,including technical difficulties,careful planning and preparation,over-reliance on technology,and ethical concerns related to privacy and data *** cost of implementing interactive audience software may also be a barrier for some *** paper specifically reviews six interactive software platforms,including socrative,Quizizz,Pear Deck,slido,Wooclap and *** platforms allow for real-time assessment of student understanding,feedback,and *** also enable instructors to adjust their teaching strategies based on student responses and ***,interactive audience software has shown great potential to enhance learning and engagement in medical *** is important for instructors to carefully consider the benefits and challenges of its *** the cost of implementing interactive audience software may be a barrier for some institutions,there are free and low-cost options available.

关键词： Interactive audience software mobile software audience response systems(ARs) medical education

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Paraneoplastic retinopathies: an update on pathogenesis, diagnosis and management

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Annals of Eye science 2024年第1期9卷 34-42页

作者： Akshay s.Thomas Tennessee Retina NashvilleTNUSA

The paraneoplastic retinopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders with significant visual consequences occuring in the setting of a systemic *** conditions may be characterized by the presence of antiretinal antibodies and may predate or follow the diagnosis of an underlying *** I review the clinical findings,pathophysiology,laboratory testing and management of the paraneoplastic retinopathies:cancer-associated retinopathy(CAR),melanoma-associated retinopathy(MAR),bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation(BDUMP)and paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy(PVM).The pathophysiology of the paraneoplastic retinopathies varies from molecular mimicry resulting in anti-retinal antibody production(CAR,MAR)to relases of soluble factors either by the primary tumor(BDUMP)and/or immune system in response to the primary tumor(PVM)which result in retinal and/or retinal pigment epithelium *** each condition,structural and functional multimodal retinal testing can be helpful in establishing the *** for the paraneoplastic retinopathies involves a combination of treating the underlying malignancy plus additional local and/or systemic immunosuppressive agents though no systemic therapeutic protocols *** these interventions,the retinopathy may be progressive or the retinopathy may be a harbinger of poor ***,prompt diagnosis may help identify an underlying malignancy earlier and may thus improve cancer-related survival.

关键词： Paraneoplastic retinopathy bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation(BDUMP) cancer-associated retinopathy(CAR) vitelliform

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Analysis of strong decays of sU(3)partners ofΩ(2012)baryon

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 34-41页

作者： T.M.Aliev s.Bilmis M.savci Department of Physics Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey TUBITAK ULAKBIM Ankara 06510Turkey

We estimate the coupling constants and decay widths of the sU(3)partners of theΩ(2012)hyperon,as discovered by the BELLE Collaboration,using the distribution amplitudes of the octet baryons within the light cone sum rules *** study includes a comparison of the obtained results for the relevant decay widths with those derived within the framework of the flavor sU(3)*** observe a good agreement between the predictions of both ***,our result on the decay width ofΩ→ΞK is compatible with the existing experimental result within the uncertainties of the model *** results can provide helpful insights for determining the nature of the sU(3)partners of theΩ(2012)baryon.

关键词： coupling constants light cone sum rule hyperon

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Predictive active control of building structures using LQR and artificial intelligence

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 489-502页

作者： Nirmal s.Mehta Vishisht Bhaiya K.A.Patel Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi Department of Civil Engineering SVNIT SuratGujarat 395007India Urban Transformations Research Centre Western Sydney UniversityNSWAustralia

This study presents a neural network-based model for predicting linear quadratic regulator(LQR)weighting matrices for achieving a target response *** on the expected weighting matrices,the LQR algorithm is used to determine the various responses of the *** responses are determined by numerically analyzing the governing equation of motion using the state-space *** training a neural network,four input parameters are considered:the time history of the ground motion,the percentage reduction in lateral displacement,lateral velocity,and lateral acceleration,Output parameters are LQR weighting *** study the effectiveness of an LQR-based neural network(LQRNN),the actual percentage reduction in the responses obtained from using LQRNN is compared with the target percentage ***,to investigate the efficacy of an active control system using LQRNN,the controlled responses of a system are compared to the corresponding uncontrolled *** trained neural network effectively predicts weighting parameters that can provide a percentage reduction in displacement,velocity,and acceleration close to the target percentage *** on the simulation study,it can be concluded that significant response reductions are observed in the active-controlled system using ***,the LQRNN algorithm can replace conventional LQR control with the use of an active control system.

关键词： active control system linear quadratic regulator artificial neural networks state-space approach response effectiveness factor resilience

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Evaluating Ignition and Combustion Performance with Al-Metal- Organic Frameworks and Nano-Aluminum in HTPB Fuel

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火炸药学报 2024年第5期47卷 413-421,I0003页

作者： sri Nithya Mahottamananda Yash Pal Yarravarapu sai sriram subha s Djalal Trache Department of Aerospace Engineering B S Abdur Rahman CrescentInstitute of Science and TechnologyChennai-600048India school of Aeronautical science Hindustan Institute of Technologyand ScienceChennai-603103India Energetic Materials Laboratory(EMLab) Teaching and ResearchUnit of Energetic ProcessesEcole Militaire PolytechniqueBP 17Bordj El-Bahri16046AlgiersAlgeria

Incorporating aluminum metal-organic frameworks(Al-MOFs)as energetic additives for solid fuels presents a promising avenue for enhancing combustion *** study explores the potential benefits of Al-MOF(MIL-53(Al))energetic additive on the combustion performance of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)*** HTPB-MOF fuel samples were manufactured using the vacuum-casting technique,followed by a comprehensive evaluation of their ignition and combustion properties using an opposed flow burner(OFB)setup utilizing gaseous oxygen as an *** gauge the effectiveness of Al-MOFs as fuel additives,their impact is compared with that of nano-aluminum(nAl),another traditional additive in HTPB *** results indicate that the addition of 15%(mass fraction)nAl into HTPB resulted in the shortest ignition delay time(136 ms),demonstrating improved ignition performance compared to pure HTPB(273 ms).The incorporation of Al-MOF in HTPB also reduced ignition delay times to 227 ms and 189 ms,***,under high oxidizer mass flux conditions(79—81 kg/(m^(2)s)),HTPB fuel with 15%nAl exhibited a substantial 83.2%increase in regression rate compared to the baseline HTPB fuel,highlighting the positive influence of nAl on combustion *** contrast,HTPB-MOF with a 15%Al-MOF additive showed a 32.7%increase in regression rate compared to pure *** results suggest that HTPB-nAl outperforms HTPB-MOF in terms of regression rates,indicating a more vigorous and rapid burning behavior.

关键词： ignition combustion enhancement MOF HTPB regression rate

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