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作者： malcolm Potts Martha Campbell Bixby Professor Population and Family Planning 516 Warren Hall University of California Berkeley. CA 94720 USA. Lecturer School of Public Health 506 Warren Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

In the 1960s and 1970 s, attention was focused on rapid population growth and large scale family planning programs were launched in many developing countries. However, the paradigm for understanding fertility decline assumed that exogenous socioeconomic changes were necessary to reduce family size. By the mid-1990s, the standard model of the demographic transition had been all but discarded, partly there were numerous country experiences inconsistent with the model. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development （ICPD） emphasized women＇s broader needs, which were important but were promoted by reducing attention to population and the need for family planning. The timing of this shift was peculiar, because the Cairo proponents were depending on an already discredited model of reproductive behavior. The policy shift at Cairo undermined the political coalition that had supported international family planning since the 1960s. As a result of declining financial support, the health of women has deteriorated seriously in the past decade. Meantime, the countries that have been successful in lifting unprecedented numbers of people out of abject poverty were acting independently of the Cairo consensus.

关键词： ICPD family planning demographic transition Iran China evolution

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Cementomimetics——constructing a cementum-like biomineralized microlayer via amelogenin-derived peptides

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第2期4卷 69-77页

作者： Mustafa Gungormus Ersin E Oren Jeremy A Horst Hanson Fong Marketa Hnilova Martha J Somerman malcolm L Snead Ram Samudrala Candan Tamerler Mehmet Sarikaya Genetically Engineered Materials Science and Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUSA Departmentof Orofacial Sciences University of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoUSA Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaUSA Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA Department of Microbiology University of WashingtonSeattleUSA

Cementum is the outer-, mineralized-tissue covering the tooth root and an essential part of the system of periodontal tissue that anchors the tooth to the bone. Periodontal disease results from the destructive behavior of the host elicited by an infectious biofilm adhering to the tooth root and left untreated, may lead to tooth loss. We describe a novel protocol for identifying peptide sequences from native proteins with the potential to repair damaged dental tissues by controlling hydroxyapatite biomineralization. Using amelogenin as a case study and a bioinformatics scoring matrix, we identified regions within amelogenin that are shared with a set of hydroxyapatite-binding peptides （HABPs） previously selected by phage display. One 22-amino acid long peptide regions referred to as amelogenin-derived peptide 5 （ADP5） was shown to facilitate cell-free formation of a cementum-like hydroxyapatite mineral layer on demineralized human root dentin that, in turn, supported attachment of periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Our findings have several implications in peptide-assisted mineral formation that mimic biomineralization. By further elaborating the mechanism for protein control over the biomineral formed, we afford new insights into the evolution of protein-mineral interactions. By exploiting small peptide domains of native proteins, our understanding of structure-function relationships of biomineralizing proteins can be extended and these peptides can be utilized to engineer mineral formation. Finally, the cementomimetic layer formed by ADP5 has the potential clinical application to repair diseased root surfaces so as to promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues and thereby reduce the morbiditv associated with tooth loss.

关键词： amelogenin amelogenin-derived peptides bioinformatics biomineralization cementomimetics cementum demineral-ization remineralization

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