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多重结局的多元Meta分析和多重治疗的网状Meta分析:原理、概念及实例

英国医学杂志中文版 2018年第12期21卷 725-735页

作者： Richard D Riley Dan Jackson Georgia Salanti Danielle L Burke malcolm price Jamie Kirkham Ian R White 孙至佳(译) 张岩(译) 刘雪晴(译) 杨智荣(校) 孙凤(校) Research Institum for Primary Care and Health Sciences Keele University StaffordshireUK MRC Biestatistics Onit CambridgeUK Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of BernSwitzerland University of Ioannina School of Medicine Ioannina Greece Institute of Applied Health Research University of BirminghamUK MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research Department of Biostatistics University of LiverpoolLiverpool UK MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL London UK 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系

英国国家健康与临床优选研究所(NICE)等组织需要对现有研究获得的证据进行整合来指导决策,需要确定关于多重疗效及安全性结局的最佳治疗。但是,相关的研究不一定对所有关注的治疗或结局都进行了直接比较,多元Meta分析及网状Meta分析为... 详细信息

英国国家健康与临床优选研究所(NICE)等组织需要对现有研究获得的证据进行整合来指导决策,需要确定关于多重疗效及安全性结局的最佳治疗。但是,相关的研究不一定对所有关注的治疗或结局都进行了直接比较,多元Meta分析及网状Meta分析为如何确定最佳治疗这一问题提供了思路,该方法不仅考虑了直接证据,还利用了关联或间接的证据。本文中,研究者描述了这些方法学的重要概念及假设,并阐述关联及间接证据如何产生,同时通过图表说明这些证据在涉及多重结局和多重治疗的真实临床案例中如何使用。

关键词：网状Meta分析最佳治疗多重实例临床案例证据研究所安全性

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Evolution of Microalloyed Linepipe Steels With Particular Emphasis on the “Near Stoichiometry” Low Carbon,0.10 Percent Niobium “HTP” Concept

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 652-657页

作者： Gray J.malcolm Microalloyed Steel Institute Inc. 5100 Westheimer Ste 540HoustonTX 77056 USA

Microalloyed linepipe steels were first introduced in 1959 at strength levels around 52-60 ksi [1] [2].The steels were generally strengthened by niobium or vanadium used *** strengths levels increased to X-70 in the early 1970’s niobium and vanadium were used in combination and controlled rolling was introduced on a broad *** strengths decrease tolerance for impurities and non-metallic inclusions which required improved steelmaking ***,carbon,and nitrogen were reduced and continuous casting was increasingly applied which required improved ladle refining and deoxidation ***-molybdenum steels were introduced by IPSCO in 1972 [3] and by Italsider in 1974 [4].Steels with higher niobium contents were also introduced in the early 1970’s but available steelmaking technologies limited the use of optimum niobium to carbon ratios,*** approaching *** the steels benefited from the effect of niobium in retarding austenite recrystallization at relatively high rolling temperatures and they developed attractive combinations of strength and toughness in old manufacturing facilities using simple (relaxed) rolling *** in the price of molybdenum and vanadium in the past decade and expanded application of API Grade X-80 linepipe,have led to more widespread use of niobium contents up to 0.11 percent,in combination with 0.02-0.03 percent carbon (near stoichiometry) thus maximizing the effects of solute niobium during rolling,in lowering transformation temperature,and thereby reducing reliance on other alloying,often expensive,*** history of these developments will be presented and applications of the concept will be summarized.

关键词： HTP Low Carbon,0.10 Percent Niobium Near Stoichiometry Evolution of Microalloyed Linepipe Steels With Particular Emphasis on the Concept

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Mechanization technology:The key to sugarcane production in China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 1-27页

作者： Ou Yinggang malcolm Wegener Yang Dantong Liu Qingting Zheng Dingke Wang Meimei Liu Haochun College of Engineering South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia

Sugarcane is an important cash crop in southern China now planted on about 1.5 million ha in the main production areas in Guangxi,Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan,Guangdong,and Hainan *** the cost of labor in China is increasing rapidly and the price of local sugar is uncompetitive with the product from mechanized international producers,China needs to change its sugarcane production methods from manual work to mechanization in order to catch up with international trends in this global *** a lot of effort in China have gone into sugarcane mechanization since the 1960s,the overall level of mechanization in sugarcane production is still only approximately 30%,which is about 20%lower than that achieved in the other main field *** all of the sugarcane grown in China is still harvested by *** order to summarize past experience and promote the mechanization of sugarcane production in China,this paper reviews the whole process of developing mechanization since 1960s and describes the current state of sugarcane mechanization in *** research currently being undertaken and the main obstacles to be overcome in developing a mechanized sugarcane production system,are *** design and testing of sugarcane harvesting machinery and its key components has been a significant research area by some Chinese universities,research institutes,and manufacturing companies in these past *** paper reviews that research and outlines the main achievements which have been made in this *** harvesting systems for sugarcane,and the appropriate harvesting patterns suitable for different growing conditions applying in China,have also been *** paper concludes with some comments on the future directions for progress in China’s mechanization of sugarcane production and some policy suggestions to facilitate the industry's transition.

关键词： mechanization technology sugarcane production sugarcane harvester sugarcane machinery development pattern

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