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Cognitive function among military veterans with STEM occupations

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Military Medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 308-310页

作者： Justin T.McDaniel Kevin N.Hascup Erin R.Hascup Ugochukwu g.Ezigbo Amanda M.Weidhuner Harvey Henson David L.Albright Dale and Deborah smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and trEatment(CARE) Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL 62794USA STEM Education Research Center Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA Department of Political Science The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

Dear Editor,There is limited research on the relationship between science,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEM)occupational history and cognitive function in later life,especially among military veterans,who may be at greater risk for later-life cognitive *** study examines a nationally representative sample of military veterans to address this gap in knowledge.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Veterans Science technology engineering and mathematics(STEM) Animal fluency test Dementia

A machine learning enabled hybrid optimization framework for efficient coarse-graining of a model polymer

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2128-2138页

作者： Zakiya Shireen Hansani Weeratunge Adrian Menzel Andrew W.Phillips Ronald g.Larson Kate smith-Miles Elnaz Hajizadeh Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Platforms Division Defence Science and Technology GroupMelbourneAustralia Department of Chemical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

This work presents a framework governing the development of an efficient,accurate,and transferable coarse-grained(Cg)model of a polyether *** framework combines bottom-up and top-down approaches of coarse-grained model parameters by integrating machine learning(ML)with optimization *** the bottom-up approach,bonded interactions of the Cg model are optimized using deep neural networks(DNN),where atomistic bonded distributions are *** the top-down approach,optimization of nonbonded parameters is accomplished by reproducing the temperature-dependent experimental *** demonstrate that developed framework addresses the thermodynamic consistency and transferability issues associated with the classical coarse-graining *** efficiency and transferability of the Cg model is demonstrated through accurate predictions of chain statistics,the limiting behavior of the glass transition temperature,diffusion,and stress relaxation,where none were included in the parametrization *** accuracy of the predicted properties are evaluated in context of molecular theories and available experimental data.

关键词： optimization grain integrating

Dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in a Rural Community in ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 133-152页

作者： Abdoulaye Diawara Djibril Mamadou Coulibaly Drissa Kone Mama A. Traore Drissa Konaté Dicko S. Bazi Oumar Kassogue Djeneba Sylla Fatoumata gniné Fofana Oudou Diabaté Mariam Traore Ibrahim Antoine Nieantao Kaly Keїta Mamadou Diarra Olivia smith Jian Li Cheickna Cisse Talib Yusuf Abbas Crystal Zheng Segun Fatumo Kassim Traore Mamadou Wele Mahamadou Diakité Seydou O. Doumbia Jeffrey g. Shaffer University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali National Federation of Community Health Associations Bamako Mali Department of Tropical Medicine Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Manoa Honolulu USA Department Biostatistics and Data Science School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans USA Department of Biotechnology and Computer Science Burhani College Mazgaon Mumbai India School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans USA Medical Research Council Uganda Virus Research Institute Entebbe Uganda London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK Departement of Biochemistry and genetics Duquesne University College of Medicine Pittsburgh USA

Dyslipidemia is a disorder where abnormally lipid concentrations circulate in the bloodstream. The disorder is common in type 2 diabetics (T2D) and is linked with T2D comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia in T2D is typically characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. There is a significant gap in the literature regarding dyslipidemia in rural parts of Africa, where lipid profiles may not be captured through routine surveillance. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and demo-graphic profile of dyslipidemia in T2D in the rural community of ganadougou, Mali. We performed a cross-sectional study of 104 subjects with T2D in ganadougou between November 2021 and March 2022. Demographic and lipid profiles were collected through cross-sectional surveys and serological analyses. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in T2D patients was 87.5% (91/104), which did not differ by sex (P = .368). High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was the most common lipid abnormality (78.9%, [82/104]). Dyslipidemia was associated with age and hypertension status (P = .013 and.036, respectively). High total and high LDL-C parameters were significantly associated with hypertension (P = .029 and .006, respectively). In low-resource settings such as rural Mali, there is a critical need to improve infrastructure for routine dyslipidemia screening to guide its prevention and intervention approaches. The high rates of dyslipidemia observed in gandadougou, consistent with concomitant increases in cardiovascular diseases in Africa suggest that lipid profile assessments should be incorporated into routine medical care for T2D patients in African rural settings.

关键词： Cholesterol Cross-Sectional Study Dyslipidemia Lipids Mali Type 2 Diabetes

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飞速信息路

环球科学 2024年第2期 38-43页

作者：马克·史密斯韦淞元(译) 不详

想象一个网速比现在快1000倍的世界,届时,互联网会更广泛地用于我们的生活,比如让无人驾驶汽车在繁忙的道路上安全穿行,人可以用意念控制机器运转这也许是6g能实现的未来。如今,5g(第五代移动通信技术)。

关键词：无人驾驶汽车机器运转互联网意念控制

Helicobacter pylori:High dose amoxicillin does not improve primary or secondary eradication rates in an Irish cohort

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第16期12卷 2773-2779页

作者： Conor Costigan Aoife M O'Sullivan Jim O'Connell Shreyashee Sengupta Thomas Butler Stephen Molloy Fintan John O'Hara Barbara Ryan Niall Breslin Sarah O'Donnell Anthony O'Connor Sinead smith Deirdre McNamara Trinity Academic gastroenterology group School of Medicine-Trinity College DublinDublin D2Ireland Department of gastroenterology Tallaght University HospitalDublin D24 NR0AIreland

BACKgROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)eradication rates have fallen globally,likely in large part due to increasing antibiotic resistance to traditional *** areas of high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance such as ours,Maastricht VI guidelines suggest high dose amoxicillin dual therapy(HDADT)can be considered,subject to evidence for local *** this study we assess efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish *** To assess the efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish cohort as both first line,and subsequent therapy for patients diagnosed with *** All patients testing positive for *** in a tertiary centre were treated prospectively with HDADT(amoxicillin 1 g tid and esomeprazole 40 mg bid×14 d)over a period of 8 *** was confirmed with Urea Breath Test at least 4 wk after cessation of therapy.A delta-over-baseline>4%was considered *** demographics and treatment outcomes were recorded,analysed and controlled for basic demographics and prior *** *** One hundred and ninety-eight patients were identified with *** infection,10 patients were excluded due to penicillin allergy and 38 patients refused follow up *** all 139 were included in the analysis,55%(n=76)were female,mean age was 46.6 ***,93(67%)of patients were treatment-naïve and 46(33%)had received at least one previous course of *** groups were statistically ***-reported compliance with HDADT was 97%,mild side-effects occurred in 7%.There were no serious adverse drug *** the eradication rate for our cohort was 56%(78/139).Eradication rates were worse for those with previous treatment[43%(20/46)vs 62%(58/93),P=0.0458,odds ratio=2.15].Age and gender had no effect on eradication *** Overall eradication rates with HDADT were *** being a simple and possibly better tolerated regime,these results do not

关键词： Helicobacter pylori eradication Helicobacter pylori High dose amoxicillin High dose amoxicillin dual therapy Triple therapy

Plastic multilayered closure versus orthopedic surgeon closure after spinal instrumentation in pediatric neuromuscular scoliosis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 30-35页

作者： Ekene U Ezeokoli Poornima L Tamma Neritan Borici Ifeoma Inneh Edward P Buchanan Brian g smith Department of Orthopedic Surgery Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTexasUSA Department of Plastic Surgery Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA

Objective To compare wound complication rates between orthopedic closure(OC)and plastic multilayered closure(PMC)in patients undergoing primary posterior spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis(NMS).We hypothesize that multilayered closure will be associated with better postoperative *** We collected data on pediatric patients diagnosed with NMS who underwent first time spinal instrumentation between 1 January 2018 and 31 May *** demographics,length of surgery,spinal levels fused and operative variables,wound complication rate,treatments,and need for wound washout were reviewed in depth and *** In total,86 patients were reviewed:46 with OC and 40 with *** was a significant increase in operating room(OR)time with PMC compared with OC(6.7±1.2 vs 7.3±1.3,p=0.016).There was no difference in complication rate,mean postoperative day of complication or unplanned return to the OR for OC and PMC,*** was a slightly significant increase in the number of patients going home with a drain in the PMC cohort compared with the OC cohort(2.1%vs 15%,p=0.046).Conclusions PMC demonstrated longer OR times than OC and did not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in wound complications or unplanned returns to the ***,other studies have demonstrated statistical and clinical significance with these *** programs should review internal patient volumes and outcomes for spinal fusion in NMS patients and consider if PMC after spinal fusions in pediatric patients with NMS or other scoliosis subtypes is an appropriate option in their institution to minimize postoperative wound complications.

关键词： wound pediatric closure

Examining the intrinsic foot muscles'capacity to modulate plantar flexor gearing and ankle joint contributions to propulsion in vertical jumping

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 639-647,F0003页

作者： Ross smith glen Lichtwark Dominic Farris Luke Kelly School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Sport and Health Sciences College of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of ExeterExeterEX12LUUnited Kingdom

Background:During human locomotion,a sufficiently stiff foot allows the ankle plantar flexors to generate large propulsive *** foot stiffness(e.g.,via a carbon plate)increases the ankle’s external moment arm in relation to the internal moment arm(i.e.,increasing gear ratio),reduces plantar flexor muscles’shortening velocity,and enhances muscle force *** contrast,when activation of the foot’s intrinsic muscles is impaired,there is a reduction in foot and ankle work and metatarsophalangeal joint *** speculated that the reduced capacity to actively control metatarsophalangeal joint stiffness may impair the gearing function of the foot at the ***:We used a tibial nerve block to examine the direct effects of the intrinsic foot muscles on ankle joint kinetics,in vivo medial gastrocnemius’musculotendinous dynamics,and ankle gear ratio on 14 participants during maximal vertical ***:Under the nerve block,the internal ankle plantar flexion moment decreased(p=0.004)alongside a reduction in external moment arm length(p=0.021)and ankle joint gear ratio(p=0.049)when compared to the non-blocked *** medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit and fascicle velocity were not different between conditions,the Achilles tendon was shorter during propulsion in the nerve block condition(pgulating the energetic function of the foot,our data indicate that the intrinsic foot muscles also act to optimize ankle joint torque production and leverage during the propulsion phase of vertical jumping.

关键词： Ankle biomechanics Ankle gearing Foot biomechanicsTagedEnd

How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation？

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 686-696页

作者： gilbert smith Michael g. RITCHIE Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California USA School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

Speciation research has seen a renewed interest in ecological speciation, which emphasises divergent ecological selection leading to the evolution of reproductive isolation. Selection from divergent ecologies means that phenotypic plasticity can play an important role in ecological speciation. Phenotypic plasticity involves the induction of phenotypes over the lifetime of an organism and emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic marks such as cytosine and protein (histone) modifications might regulate such environmental induction. Epigenetic marks play a wide role in a variety of processes including development, sex differentiation and allocation, sexual conflict, regulation of transposable elements and phenotypic plasticity. Here we describe recent studies that investigate epigenetic mechanisms in a variety of contexts. There is mounting evidence for environmentally induced epigenetic variation and for the stable inheritance of epigenetic marks between generations. Thus, epigenetically-based phenotypic plasticity may play a role in adaptation and ecological speciation. However, there is less evidence for the inheritance of induced epigenetic variation across multiple generations in animals. Currently few studies of ecological speciation incorporate the potential for the involvement of epigenetically-based induction of phenotypes, and we argue that this is an important omission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词：生态形态表观遗传表型可塑性学会遗传标记环境感应生殖隔离生命周期

Testing for temperature acclimation of plant carbon exchange:a comment on‘global patterns of the responses of leaf-level photosynthesis and respiration in terrestrial plants to experimental warming’by liang et al.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 333-334页

作者： Nicholas g.smith Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University915 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

In a recent issue of Journal of Plant Ecology,Liang et al.(2013)use meta-analytical techniques to analyze the leaf carbon exchanges responses to experimental warming and,in part,observe that leaf dark respiration,but not photosynthesis,acclimates to the warming *** authors should be commended for putting together and analyzing such a large data *** of the results provide fine syntheses for understanding leaf carbon exchange responses to ***,the acclimation analyses are,in my opinion,flawed and are not appropriate for supporting their results.

关键词： exchange carbon supporting