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Evolving technologies for growing,imaging and analyzing 3D root system architecture of crop plants

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 230-241页

作者： Miguel A.Pieros Brandon G.Larson Jon E.Shaff David J.Schneider Alexandre Xavier Falcao Lixing Yuan Randy T.Clark Eric J.Craft Tyler W.Davis Pierre-Luc Pradier Nathanael M.Shaw Ithipong Assaranurak Susan R.Mc Couch Craig Sturrock malcolm Bennett Leon v.Kochian USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health538 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14580USA Department of Information Systems Institute of ComputingUniversity of CampinasAv.Albert Einstein1251CEP 13083-852CampinasSPBrazil Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Centre for Plant Integrative Biology School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK College of Science King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A plant＇s ability to maintain or improve its yield under limiting conditions,such as nutrient de ficiency or drought,can be strongly in fluenced by root system architecture（RSA）,the three-dimensional distribution of the different root types in the soil. The ability to image,track and quantify these root system attributes in a dynamic fashion is a useful tool in assessing desirable genetic and physiological root traits. Recent advances in imaging technology and phenotyping software have resulted in substantive progress in describing and quantifying RSA. We have designed a hydroponic growth system which retains the three-dimensional RSA of the plant root system,while allowing for aeration,solution replenishment and the imposition of nutrient treatments,as well as high-quality imaging of the root system. The simplicity and flexibility of the system allows for modi fications tailored to the RSA of different crop species and improved throughput. This paper details the recent improvements and innovations in our root growth and imaging system which allows for greater image sensitivity（detection of fine roots and other root details）,higher ef ficiency,and a broad array of growing conditions for plants that more closely mimic those found under field conditions.

关键词： Abiotic stress digital root phenotyping mineral nutrition root system architecture

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Use of venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference to guide resuscitation therapy in septic shock

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2016年第1期5卷 47-56页

作者： Jihad Mallat malcolm Lemyze Laurent Tronchon Beno?t vallet Didier Thevenin Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Centre Hospitalier du Dr. Schaffner de Lens

The mixed venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide(CO_2)tension difference[P(v-a) CO_2]is the difference between carbon dioxide tension(PCO_2) in mixed venous blood(sampled from a pulmonary artery catheter) and the PCO_2 in arterial blood.P(v-a) CO_2 depends on the cardiac output and the global CO_2 production,and on the complex relationship between PCO_2 and CO_2 *** and clinical studies support the evidence that P(v-a) CO_2 cannot serve as an indicator of tissue hypoxia,and should be regarded as an indicator of the adequacy of venous blood to wash out the total CO_2generated by the peripheral tissues.P(v-a) CO_2 can be replaced by the central venous-to-arterial CO_2 difference(△PCO_2),which is calculated from simultaneous sampling of central venous blood from a central vein catheter and arterial blood and,therefore,more easy to obtain at the *** the △PCO_2 during the resuscitation of septic shock patients might be useful when deciding when to continue resuscitation despite a central venous oxygen saturation(SCvO_2) > 70%associated with elevated blood lactate *** high blood lactate levels is not a discriminatory factor in determining the source of that stress,an increased △PCO_2(> 6 mmHg)could be used to identify patients who still remain inadequately *** the △PCO_2 from the beginning of the reanimation of septic shock patients might be a valuable means to evaluate the adequacy of cardiac output in tissue perfusion and,thus,guiding the *** this respect,it can aid to titrate inotropes to adjust oxygen delivery to CO_2 production,or to choose between hemoglobin correction or fluid/inotrope infusion in patients with a too low ScvO_2 related to metabolic *** combination of P(v-a) CO_2 or △PCO_2 with oxygen-derived parameters through the calculation of the P(v-a) CO_2 or △PCO_2/arteriovenous oxygen content difference ratio can detect the presence of global anaerobic metabolism.

关键词： venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference Carbon dioxide production Oxygen supply dependency Cardiac output tissue hypoxia Anaerobic metabolism Oxygen consumption Resuscitation Septic shock

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梅塞施密特Bf109战斗机大揭秘

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作者： (英)保罗·布莱克(Paul Blackah) (英)马尔科姆 v. 洛(malcolm v. Lowe)

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The Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Meta-vanadate under Restricted Flow Conditions

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2017年第1期8卷 35-50页

作者： Lori R. brock Jeff W. Keister Michelle France Nathan Fierro Thomas C. Devore Department of Chemistry James Madison University Harrisonburg VA USA

The products obtained during the thermal decomposition of ammonium meta-vanadate depend on the configuration of the container, the mass of the sample, the heating rate and the composition of the carrier gas. The decomposition in an uncapped container produced (NH4)2v4O11, NH4v3O8, and v2O5 as the apparent stable products while the products in a capped container were NH4v3O8, and v2Ox where x was between 4 and 5. These differences are attributed to the different amounts of the evolved gases in the cell. EGA-FTIR clearly established that the reduced final product in the capped cell resulted from a reaction between NH3 and the v2O5 formed during the decomposition. A pre-equilibrium kinetics model where the rate of the reverse reaction depends on the partial pressure of the gaseous products in the cell could explain the different reaction intermediates. This model provides a possible explanation for the different apparent activation energies that have been reported for the thermal decomposition of other compounds where a reversible step could occur in the decomposition mechanism.

关键词： Ammonium Meta-vanadate Thermal Decomposition Kinetics Activation Energy

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Identification of DNase I Hypersensitive Sites on Rat PSBP C1 Gene

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 1994年第6期 103-106页

作者：杨珉,商权,张友端,Parker malcolm G.,张永莲 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry Academia Sinica Shanghai 200031 PRC State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry Academia Sinica Shanghai 200031 PRC State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry Academia Sinica Shanghai 200031 PRC Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory Imperial Cancer Research Fund London WC2A 3PX UK. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry Academia Sinica Shanghai 200031 PRC

The prostatic steroid binding protein (PSBP) secreted by rat ventral prostate (v. P.) is a tetramer encoded by the three genes C1, C2 and C3, the expression of which is under the strict control by androgen at the primary transcriptional level with high species-and tissue-specificity. It has proved to be an ideal system for studying the mechanism of regulation of eukaryotic gene expression by androgen as shown by our

关键词： prostatic steroid binding protein gene expression DNase I hypersensitive sites.

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Environmental levels and toxicological potencies of a novel mixed halogenated carbazole

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第3期2卷 166-172页

作者： Miren Pena-Abaurrea Matthew Robson Sri Chaudhuri Nicole Riddell Robert McCrindle brock Chittim Robert Parette Un-Ho Jin Stephen Safe David Poirier Ralph Ruffolo Richard Dyer Rachael Fletcher Paul A..Helm Eric J.Reiner Department of Analysis CEPSA Research CenterAlcala de Henares28805Spain Department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3H6Canada Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change TorontoONM9P 3V6Canada Conservation Ontario NewmarketONL3Y 2P5Canada Department of Chemistry Brock UniversitySt.CatharinesONL2S 3A1Canada Wellington Laboratories Inc. GuelphONN1G 3M5Canada Department of Chemistry University of GuelphGuelphONN1G 2W1Canada Matson&Associates Inc.State CollegePA16801USA veterinary Medicine&Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M UniversityTexasTX77843e4461USA Ministry of Northern Development and Mines SudburyONP3E 6B5Canada School of the Environment University of TorontoONM5S 3EBCanada

The present work involves an extensive analytical and toxicological description of a recently identified mixed halogenated carbazole found in sediment samples,1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole(BCCZ).Concentrations and the relative effect potency(REP)were calculated for the target BCCZ in a set of stream sediments collected in 2008 in Ontario,*** levels calculated for BCCZ as compared to those previously assessed for legacy persistent organic pollutants(POPs)in the same samples revealed a significant contribution of BCCZ to the total organic chemical contamination(verage 37%).The corresponding dioxin toxic equivalencies(TEQs)of BCCZ in the sediment extracts were estimated from experimental REP *** experimental data presented supports the classification of this emerging halogenated chemical as a contaminant of emerging environmental *** potential emission sources could not be identified,this study highlights the importance of on-going research for complete characterization of halogenated carbazoles and related compounds.

关键词： Halogenated carbazoles Levels GC×GC REP TEQ Dioxin-like Risk assessment Regulation

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同类物种

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汽车与运动 2017年第7期 50-56页

作者： David vivian malcolm GRIFFITHS 庞炜

vanquish S和DB11都是有着v12发动机、接近447kW的超级GT跑车,但一款是自然吸气,另一款是马丁推出的第一款涡轮增压车型,而这还不是它们之间的全部区别正如认知科学喜欢提醒我们的那样,记忆是不可靠的。它们也是经验的衡量标准：经验越... 详细信息

vanquish S和DB11都是有着v12发动机、接近447kW的超级GT跑车,但一款是自然吸气,另一款是马丁推出的第一款涡轮增压车型,而这还不是它们之间的全部区别正如认知科学喜欢提醒我们的那样,记忆是不可靠的。它们也是经验的衡量标准：经验越丰富,记忆就越生动。所以,我将在开始时和你们分享这些回忆。在意大利的佛罗伦萨机场和我在肯特郡的房子之间,有一千多英里的路程,毫无疑问,去年夏天带我走完这段路程的DB1是一辆完美的GT跑车,它是阿斯顿·马丁新平台、动力系统和设计语言的代表。但几个月后,

关键词：阿斯顿涡轮增压自然吸气动力系统设计语言汽车杂志扭矩输出科技感斯特罗最大扭矩

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奥迪R8 v10 Plus

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汽车与运动 2015年第10期 30-34页

作者： Dan Prosser malcolm Griffiths 马爽

测试地点：波尔蒂芒·葡萄牙 GPS：37.21010,-8.61138＂R＂向来是奥迪强大魔法的奥义,但是这辆全新奥迪R8 v10 Plus能否继承其强大的魔力吗？接下来,双手合十,跟我一起祈祷吧……R8作为奥迪的旗舰型跑车已经有8年的历史,2007年搭载着可... 详细信息

测试地点：波尔蒂芒·葡萄牙 GPS：37.21010,-8.61138＂R＂向来是奥迪强大魔法的奥义,但是这辆全新奥迪R8 v10 Plus能否继承其强大的魔力吗？接下来,双手合十,跟我一起祈祷吧……R8作为奥迪的旗舰型跑车已经有8年的历史,2007年搭载着可以爆发出309kW功率412L v8发动机的第一辆奥迪R8正式问世。这个售价80000英镑的家伙把矛头直接指向了保时捷911 Carrera 4S,而且那时我们杂志也把这两个家伙进行了对比测试,最终我们判定R8成为了最后的胜者。（详见evo 106）两年以后,v10车型随即而来,最后到来的则是v10 Plus。

关键词：奥迪R8 Plus v10 保时捷911 对比测试 v8发动机葡萄牙 evo

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连续夺获阈值监测与自动调节起搏器刺激输出——MICRONY SR+起搏器多中心研究

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中华心律失常学杂志 1997年第2期1卷 94-100页

作者： malcolm Clarke Bo Liu Hans Schller Ludwig Binner Charles Kennergren Modesto Guerola Peter Weinmann Ole Jorgen Ohm 英国 STOKE-ON-TREND 城市总医院心内科瑞典 LUND 大学医院心外科德国 ULM 大学医院心内科瑞典 SAHLGRENSKA 大学医院心外科西班牙 MARCAPASOS 医疗中心德国 PACESETTER 临床医学部挪威 HAUKLAND 大学医院内科

目的:本研究评价具有心室自动夺获功能的 Microny 起搏器的安全性及功效。方法:自1994年11月至1996年9月欧洲国家的16个医学中心,共有113例植入 Microny 起搏器的患者进入了研究。所有植入的起搏器采用了 Pacesetter 的低极化、双极电... 详细信息

目的:本研究评价具有心室自动夺获功能的 Microny 起搏器的安全性及功效。方法:自1994年11月至1996年9月欧洲国家的16个医学中心,共有113例植入 Microny 起搏器的患者进入了研究。所有植入的起搏器采用了 Pacesetter 的低极化、双极电极导线(Membrane 1402 T)。患者在出院时及出院后1、3、6、12个月分别进行随访。结果:在植入后1个月的随访中,动态心电图显示所有未夺获的心搏均有后备起搏脉冲(4.5 v/0.49 ms)出现。植入时测试自身 R 波高度为14.7±7.4 mv,刺激除极波高度(ER)为10.2±4.8 mv。这些数值随时间推移保持稳定,但二者无相关性(r=0.29),植入时,由vARIO 功能测试的起搏阈值为0.5±0.2 v,由自动夺获功能测试的阈值为0.6±0.3 v。两种方法测试的起搏阈值在各次随访中相关性较好(r=0.79),平均差异为0.11 v。后备起搏脉冲占起搏刺激的1.1%。发放后备起搏脉冲的原因为未能夺获(7.1%);(伪)融合波(87.0%);ER 感知低下(0.5%)和QRS 感知低下(4.1%)。在自动夺获功能打开时,起搏电流总消耗为1.4 A。结论:本研究证明了自动夺获功能根据当时的起搏阈值安全和可靠地调节起搏器的输出,为患者提供最大的安全性并延长起搏器的使用寿命。

关键词：起搏器自动夺获功能起搏阈值植入患者刺激多中心研究 ER 监测相关性

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Global wood anatomical perspective on the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) in the mid-6th century CE

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Science Bulletin 2022年第22期67卷 2336-2344页

作者： Ulf Büntgen Alan Crivellaro Dominique Arseneault Mike Baillie David Barclay Mauro Bernabei Jarno Bontadi Gretel Boswijk David Brown Duncan A.Christie Olga v.Churakova Edward R.Cook Rosanne D’Arrigo Nicole Davi Jan Esper Patrick Fonti Ciara Greaves Rashit M.Hantemirov malcolm K.Hughes Alexander v.Kirdyanov Paul J.Krusic Carlos Le Quesne Fredrik C.Ljungqvist Michael Mc.Cormick vladimir S.Myglan Kurt Nicolussi Clive Oppenheimer Jonathan Palmer Chun Qin Frederick Reinig Matthew Salzer Markus Stoffel Max Torbenson Mirek Trnka Ricardo villalba Nick Wiesenberg Greg Wiles Bao Yang Alma Piermattei Department of Geography University of CambridgeCambridge CB23ENUK Swiss Federal Research Institute(WSL) Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Global Change Research Centre(CzechGlobe) Brno 60300Czech Republic Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno 61300Czech Republic Forest Biometrics Laboratory Faculty of Forestry“Stefan cel Mare”University of SuceavaSuceava 720229Romania Department of Biology Chemistry and GeographyUniversity of Quebec in RimouskiRimouski Qc.G5L 3A1Canada Archaeology&Palaeoecology School of Natural and Built EnvironmentQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Department of Geology State University of New York at CortlandCortland NY 13045USA CNR-IBE Institute of BioEconomyNational Research CouncilTrento 38121Italy School of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia 509000Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research(CR) Santiago 8370449Chile Cape Horn International Center(CHIC) Punta Arenas 6200000Chile Institute of Ecology and Geography Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarsk 660041Russia Tree-Ring Laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades NY 10964USA Department of Environmental Science William Paterson UniversityWayne NJ 07470USA Department of Geography Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz 55099Germany Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburg 620144Russia Ural Institute of Humanities Ural Federal UniversityYekaterinburg 620002Russia Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721USA Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Department of Physical Geography Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Department of History Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study

Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89Blue Rings(lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings(cell deformation and collapse), and 93Light Rings(reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchmark for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of climate and history, and question the relevance of global climate averages.

关键词： Blue Rings Climate extremes Dendrochronology Late Antiquity Tree rings volcanic eruptions

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