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Imaging of gall bladder by endoscopic ultrasound

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2018年第1期10卷 10-15页

作者： malay sharma Piyush Somani Tagore Sunkara Department of Gastro-enterology Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology the Brooklyn Hospital Center Clinical Affliate of the Mount Sinai Hospital

Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) is considered a superior investigation when compared to conventional ultrasonography for imaging gall bladder(GB) lesions as it can provide high-resolution images of small lesions with higher ultrasound frequencies. Examination of GB is frequently the primary indication of EUS imaging. Imaging during EUS may not remain restricted to one station and multi-station imaging may provide useful information. This review describes the techniques of imaging of GB by linear EUS from three different stations. The basic difference of imaging between the three stations is that effective imaging from station 1 is done above the neck of GB, from station 2 at the level of the neck of GB and from station 3 below the level of the neck of GB.

关键词： Gallbladder Gallbladder cancer Gallstones Biliary sludge Antrum Duodenal bulb Endoscopic ultrasound

Linear endoscopic ultrasound evaluation of hepatic veins

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2018年第10期10卷 283-293页

作者： malay sharma Piyush Somani Chittapuram Srinivasan Rameshbabu Department of Gastroenterology Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Thumbay Hospital Department of Anatomy Muzaffarnagar Medical College

Liver resection surgery can be associated with significant perioperative mortality and morbidity. Extensive knowledge of the vascular anatomy is essential for successful, uncomplicated liver surgeries. Various imaging techniques like multidetector computed tomographic and magnetic resonance angiography are used to provide information about hepatic vasculature. Linear endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) can offer a detailed evaluation of hepatic veins, help in assessment of liver segments and can offer a possible route for EUS guided vascular endotherapy involving hepatic veins. A standard technique for visualization of hepatic veins by linear EUS has not been described. This review paper describes the normal EUS anatomy of hepatic veins and a standard technique for visualization of hepatic veins from four stations. With practice an imaging of all the hepatic veins is possible from four stations. The imaging from fundus of stomach is the easiest and most convenient method of imaging of hepatic veins. EUS of hepatic vein and the tributaries is an operator dependent technique and in expert hands may give a mapping comparable to computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging. EUS of hepatic veins can help in identification of individual sectors and segments of liver. EUS guided interventions involving hepatic veins may require approach from different stations.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Hepatic vein Portal vein Liver segments Caudate lobe Inferior vena cava Liver Cantlie line Falciform ligament Gall bladder

Stepwise evaluation of liver sectors and liver segments by endoscopic ultrasound

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2018年第11期10卷 326-339页

作者： malay sharma Piyush Somani Chittapuram Srinivasan Rameshbabu Tagore Sunkara Praveer Rai Department of Gastroenterology Jaswant Rai Speciality HospitalMeerut 25001Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Gastroenterology Thumbay HospitalDubai 415555United Arab Emirates Department of Anatomy Muzaffarnagar Medical CollegeMuzaffarnagar 251001Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology the Brooklyn Hospital CenterClinical Affliate of The Mount Sinai HospitalBrooklynNY 11201United States

The liver has eight segments, which are referred to by numbers or by names. The numbering of the segments is done in a counterclockwise manner with the liver being viewed from the inferior surface, starting from Segment Ⅰ(the caudate lobe). Standard anatomical description of the liver segments is available by computed tomographic scan and ultrasonography. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has been used for a detailed imaging of many intra-abdominal organs and for the assessment of intra-abdominal vasculature. A stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by EUS has not been described. In this article, we have described a stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by EUS. This information can be useful for planning successful radical surgeries, preparing for biopsy, portal vein embolization, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, tumour resection or partial hepatectomy, and for planning EUS guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Hepatic vein Liver sectors Portal vein Liver segments Caudate lobe Cantlie’s line Falciform ligament Gallbladder

Fortuitously discovered liver lesions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第21期19卷 3173-3188页

作者： Christoph F Dietrich malay sharma Robert N Gibson Schreiber-Dietrich Christian Jenssen Department of Internal Medicine Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim97980 Bad MergentheimGermany Department of Gastroenterology Jaswantrai Speciality HospitalOpposite Sports StadiumMeerut UP 250001India Department of Radiology University of MelbourneRoyal Melbourne HospitalVictoria 3050Australia Dagmar Department of Pediatrics Asklepiosklinik St. AugustinAbt. Neonatologie und P diatrische Intensivmedizin52757 AugustinGermany Klinik für Innere Medizin Krankenhaus Mrkisch Oderland15334 StrausbergGermany

The fortuitously discovered liver lesion is a common problem. Consensus might be expected in terms of its work-up, and yet there is none. This stems in part from the fact that there is no preventive campaign involving the early detection of liver tumors other than for patients with known liver cirrhosis and oncological patients. The work-up (detection and differential diagnosis) of liver tumors comprises theoretical considerations, history, physical examination, laboratory tests, standard ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound techniques, contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS), computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as imageguided biopsy. CEUS techniques have proved to be the most pertinent method; these techniques became part of the clinical routine about 10 years ago in Europe and Asia and are used for a variety of indications in daily clinical practice. CEUS is in many cases the first and also decisive technical intervention for detecting and characterizing liver tumors. This development is reflected in many CEUS guidelines, e.g. , in the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) guidelines 2004, 2008 and 2012 as well as the recently published World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology-EFSUMB guidelines 2012. This article sets out considerations for making a structured work-up of incidental liver tumors feasible.

关键词： Contrast-enhanced ultrasound Hepatocellular carcinoma Hemangioma Focal nodular hyperplasia Metastasis Ultrasonography Recommendations Guidelines

Imaging of common bile duct by linear endoscopic ultrasound

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第15期7卷 1170-1180页

作者： malay sharma Amit Pathak Abid Shoukat Chittapuram Srinivasan Rameshbabu Akash Ajmera Zeeshn Ahamad Wani Praveer Rai Department of Gastroenterology Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital Department of Anatomy Muzaffarnagar Medical College Department of Medicine Marshall University Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute

Imaging of common bile duct(CBD) can be done by many techniques. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography is considered the gold standard for imaging of CBD. A standard technique of imaging of CBD by endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has not been specifically described. The available descriptions mention different stations of imaging from the stomach and duodenum. The CBD lies closest to duodenum and choice of imaging may be restricted to duodenum for many operators. Generally most operators prefer multi station imaging during EUS and the choice of selecting the initial station varies from operator to operator. Detailed evaluation of CBD is frequently the main focus of imaging during EUS and in such situations multi station imaging with a high-resolution ultrasound scanner may provide useful information. Examination of the CBD is one of the primary indications for doing an EUS and it can be done from five stations:(1) the fundus of stomach;(2) body of stomach;(3) duodenal bulb;(4) descending duodenum; and(5) antrum. Following down the upper 1/3rd of CBD can do imaging of entire CBD from the liver window and following up the lower 1/3rd of CBD can do imaging of entire CBD from the pancreatic window. This article aims at simplifying the techniques of imaging of CBD by linear EUS.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Common bile duct Pancreas Pa

Association of TAP1 Gene Polymorphism in Human Papilloma Virus Related Oropharyngeal Cancer

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Surgical Science 2020年第1期11卷 1-8页

作者： Sindhura Suryanarayana Jaimanti Bakshi malay Sannigrahi Rajni sharma Naresh K. Panda Madhu Khullar Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research Chandigarh India Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College Kolar India Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research Chandigarh India

Background: Polymorphisms of TAP1 gene might be pertinent in development of cancer by altering the immune response. We studied the association of TAP1 gene polymorphism with HPV related oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: This prospective study consisted of 200 subjects divided into three groups;Group A—HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer (17/100), Group B—HPV negative oropharyngeal cancer (83/100) and Group C—Controls. TAP1ile333val polymorphism genotyping was performed by ARMS-PCR. Results: No significant difference was observed in the distribution of Val/Val genotype of Group A in comparison to Group C (OR = 0.663, 95% CI = 0.164 - 2.688, p = 0.742) and Group B (OR = 1.725, 95% CI = 0.388 - 7.675, p = 0.677) and thus was not associated with HPV associated cancer. But the frequency of Val/Val genotype was found to be significantly decreased in Group B as compared to controls and was linked with increased risk of oropharyngeal cancers (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.15 - 0.97, p = 0.048). Conclusion: TAP1i333v gene polymorphism was not associated with HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer;however decreased frequency of Val/Val genotype raises the risk of oropharyngeal cancer.

关键词： TAP1 HPV Oropharyngeal Cancer HNSCC ARMS-PCR