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Formation Mechanism of Chunky Graphite and Its Preventive Measures

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第3期24卷 289-295页

作者： Hideo nakae Sanghoon Jung Ho-Chul Shin Department of Materials Science and Engineering Waseda University National Institute of AIST Corporate Res.and Dev.Div. Hyundai.Kia Motors

The formation mechanism of chunky graphite has been reviewed and studied. The study consisted of a unidirectional solidification method, a small droplet method and a furnace cooling method. Four kinds of iron samples were prepared, namely, the pure Fe-C, Fe-C-S, Fe-C-Ce and Fe-C-Si-Ce alloys, and three kinds of nickel samples, namely the Ni-C, Ni-C-S and Ni-C-Mg alloys. The results of the unidirectional solidification of the Ni-C alloys showed that spheroidal graphite is not observed in the continuous solidified region, in which only flake-like graphite is observed, while spheroidal graphite is usually observed in the quenched liquid region. The existence of spheroidal graphite in the solidified phase is recognized only in the discontinuous growth mode of the Ni-C-Mg alloy solidified at 150 mm/h. This means that the spheroidal graphite is directly crystallized from the melt and entrapped by the flake-like chunky graphite that is formed by the continuous growth mode. In the small droplet method, a small piece of the Fe-C or Fe-C-Ce sample was melted on a pure graphite plate then cooled at a different cooling rate in a He-3%H2 atmosphere. The graphite in the Fe-C-Ce alloy is usually spherical. Nevertheless, the graphite morphology of the final solidified area changed from spherical to chunky and chunky to ledeburite with an increase in the cooling rate. This means that the chunky graphite is formed in the residual liquid region by the solidification into Fe-graphite system. The sample was cooled in a furnace, and the graphite morphology changes from spherical to chunky and chunky to ledeburite with the decrease in the Si content. These phenomena can be confirmed by the cooling curves of these samples.

关键词： Chunky graphite Spheroidal graphite Solidification Cooling curve

Influence of boron on ferrite formation in copper-added spheroidal graphite cast iron

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China Foundry 2014年第4期11卷 375-381页

作者： Ying Zou Hideo nakae Waseda University

This paper reviews the original work of the authors published recently,describing the influence of B on the matrix of the Cuadded spheroidal graphite cast *** effect of Cu has been corrected as a ferrite formation promoter in the matrix of the grey cast iron by the usage of high-purity ***,this paper focuses on the ferrite formation and the observation of the Cu distribution in the B-added and B-free Cu-containing spheroidal graphite cast *** Cu film on the spheroidal graphite can be successfully observed in the B-free sample using a special etching ***,in the B-added sample,no Cu film could be found,while the secondary graphite was formed on the surface of the spheroidal *** interaction between B and Cu is stressed as a peculiar phenomenon by the employment of a contrast experiment of B and *** heat treatment could make Cu precipitate more significantly in the eutectic cells and in the matrix in the form of large Cu particles because of the limited solubility of Cu.

关键词： spheroidal graphite cast iron Cu B pearlite formation ferrite formation Cu distribution

Eutectic solidification mode of spheroidal graphite cast iron and graphitization

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China Foundry 2007年第1期4卷 34-37页

作者： Hideo nakae Sanghoon Jung Takayuki Kitazawa Department of Materials Science and Eng. Waseda Univ Graduate Student Department of Materials Science and Eng.Waseda Univ

The shrinkage and chilling tendency of spheroidal graphite (abbreviated SG) cast iron is much greater than that of the flake graphite cast iron in spite of its higher amount of C and Si contents. Why? The main reason should be the difference in their graphitization during the eutectic solidification. In this paper, we discuss the difference in the solidification mechanism of both cast irons for solving these problems using unidirectional solidification and the cooling curves of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. The eutectic solidification rate of the SG cast iron is controlled by the diffusion of carbon through the austenite shell, and the final thickness is 1.4 times the radius of the SG, therefore, the reduction of the SG size, namely, the increase in the number, is the main solution of these problems.

关键词： spheroidal graphite cast iron shrinkage chilling tendency eutectic solidification graphitization

Influence of Si,Ce,Sb and Sn on chunky graphite formation

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China Foundry 2011年第1期8卷 96-100页

作者： Hideo nakae Masayuki Fukami Takayuki Kitazawa Ying Zou Lab. for Mater. Sci. and Tech. Waseda Univ. Tokyo Japan JFE Steel Corp. Japan Nippon Steel Corp. Japan Appl. Mech. and Eng. Waseda Univ. Tokyo Japan

The thirteen mother alloys,C%+1/3Si%=4.45%,differing in their Si,Ce,Sb and Sn contents,were *** grams of these alloys was remelted in a high purity alumina crucible at 1,450oC under an Ar atmosphere,and then cooled at 30 K/min for obtaining their cooling *** graphite morphologies were observed using an optical microscope and an *** three-dimensional graphite shapes were observed by the SEM using the samples whose matrices were etched off with an acid-aqua solution,to confirm the chunky *** discussing the influence of the Si and Ce contents on the chunky graphite formation,two experiments were carried *** the first one,the Si contents were changed from 0 to 4% in the 0.15%Ce alloys,and for the second one,the 3.5%Si and 4%Si samples that differed in the Ce contents of 0.1 and 0.2% were *** the third experiment,the influence of Sb and Sn on the chunky graphite formation was investigated by using the 4%Si and 0.1%Ce *** results showed that with the increase of the Si content,the volume fraction of the chunky graphite increases,while the volume fraction of the ledeburite decreases,and the chunky graphite volume fraction in the 0.2%Ce samples is higher than that of the 0.1%Ce *** effect of the Sb and Sn additions on the prevention of chunky graphite formation cannot be confirmed due to their high Si ***,further studies will be needed in this field.

关键词： chunky graphite spheroidal graphite graphite morphology solidification of cast iron

MUC5AC/β-catenin expression and KRAS gene alteration in laterally spreading colorectal tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5551-5559页

作者： Kosaburo nakae Hiroyuki Mitomi Tsuyoshi Saito Michiko Takahashi Takashi Morimoto Yasuhiro Hidaka Naoto Sakamoto Takashi Yao Sumio Watanabe Department of Gas-troenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine2-1-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8421Japan Department of Human Pathology Juntendo University School of Medicine1-1-19 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan

AIM： To clarify differences in mucin phenotype, prolif- erative activity and oncogenetic alteration among sub- types of colorectal laterally spreading tumor （LST）. METHODS： LSTs, defined as superficial elevated lesions greater than 10 mm in diameter with a low vertical axis, were macroscopically classified into two subtypes：（1） a granular type （Gr-LST） composed of superficially spread- ing aggregates of nodules forming a fiat-based lesion with a granulonodular and uneven surface; and （2） a non-granular type （NGr-LST） with a flat smooth surface and an absence of granulonodular formation. A total of 69 LSTs, comprising 36 Gr-LSTs and 33 NGr-LSTs, were immunohistochemically stained with MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CD10 （markers of gastrointestinal cell lineage）, p53, 13-catenin and Ki-67 antibodies, and examined for alteration in exon 1 of v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog （KRAS） and exon 15 of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 （BRAF） by poly- merase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing. RESULTS： Histologically, 15 Gr-LST samples were ad- enomas with low-grade dysplasia （LGD）, 12 were high- grade dysplasia （HGD） and 9 were adenocarcinomas invading the submucosa （INV）, while 12 NGr-LSTs demonstrated LGD, 14 HGD and 7 INV. In the proximal colon, MUC5AC expression was significantly higher in the Gr-type than the NGr-type. MUC6 was expressed only in NGr-LST. MUC2 or CD10 did not differ. P53 ex- pression demonstrated a significant stepwise increment in progression through LGD-HGD-INV with both types of LST. Nuclear β-catenin expression was significantly higher in the NGr-type. Ki-67 expression was signifi- cantly higher in the Gr-type in the lower one third zone of the tumor. In proximal, but not distal colon tumors, the incidence of KRAS provided mutation was signifi- cantly higher in the Gr-type harboring a specific muta- tional pattern （G12V）. BRAF mutations （V600E） were detected only in two Gr-LSTs. CONCLUSION： The two subtypes of LST,

关键词： Laterally spreading tumor Mucin core pro-tein Colon β-catenin Immunohistochemistry v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Directsequencing Adenoma-carcinoma sequence

Factors associated with incomplete colonoscopy at a Japanese academic hospital

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 6961-6967页

作者： Shigeo Koido Toshifumi Ohkusa Kosaburo nakae Tetsuji Yokoyama Tomoyoshi Shibuya Naoto Sakamoto Kan Uchiyama Hiroshi Arakawa Taro Osada Akihito Nagahara Sumio Watanabe Hisao Tajiri Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineThe Jikei University School of MedicineChiba 277-8567Japan Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of MedicineTokyo 113-8421Japan Department of Technology Assessment and Biostatistics National Institute of Public HealthSaitama 351-0197Japan

AIM: To evaluate significant risk factors for incomplete colonoscopy at a Japanese academic hospital.

关键词： Colonoscopy Incomplete Intubation rates Japanese academic hospital Risk factors Inflammatory bowel disease

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硅、铈、锑和锡对块状石墨形成的影响

铸造 2011年第1期60卷 1-5页

作者： Hideo nakae Masayuki Fukami Takayuki Kitazawa Ying Zou 田华萌(翻译) 早稻田大学材料科学技术实验室日本东京169-0051 早稻田大学应用机械与工程学院日本东京169-0051 不详

用电解铁,高纯硅,石墨,纯铈,锑和锡制成含有不同硅、铈、锑和锡含量,且C%+1/3Si%=4.45%的13种母合金。每种合金用高纯度氧化铝坩埚在1 450℃,氩气保护下的电炉中重熔,然后在30 K/min速率下冷却,获得冷却曲线。用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观... 详细信息

用电解铁,高纯硅,石墨,纯铈,锑和锡制成含有不同硅、铈、锑和锡含量,且C%+1/3Si%=4.45%的13种母合金。每种合金用高纯度氧化铝坩埚在1 450℃,氩气保护下的电炉中重熔,然后在30 K/min速率下冷却,获得冷却曲线。用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察它们的石墨形貌。为了讨论硅和铈含量对块状石墨形成的影响,进行了试验。在第一个试验中,变化了0.15%硅铈合金中的硅含量从0到4%;在第二个试验中,使用了含有0.1%和0.2%不同铈量的3.5%和4%硅的试样。在第三个试验中,使用了含铈0.1%,含硅4%的试样,研究了锑和锡对块状石墨形成的影响。试验结果表明,硅含量大于3.0%,块状石墨的体积分数会增加。随后讨论了不同含量的硅和铈对块状石墨形成的影响。不能确定3.5%和4.0%的硅量差对块状石墨形成的差别,证实了含有0.2%铈的样品中块状石墨的体积分数大于0.1%铈的试样。由于高硅含量,还不能确定锑和锡的加入对防止块状石墨形成的作用,还需要做进一步的研究。

关键词：块状石墨球状石墨石墨形态铸铁凝固

Serotonin 2C Receptor Alternative Splicing in a Rat Model of Orofacial Neuropathic Pain

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2012年第1期3卷 69-74页

作者： Aya nakae Kunihiro Nakai Tatsuya Tanaka Ko Hosokawa Takashi Mashimo Center for Medical Research and Education Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Plastic Surgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine

Abnormal serotonin 2C receptor (5HTR2C) alternative splicing and RNA editing are involved in the etiology of pain disorders. Functional 5HTR2C can only be generated when alternative exon Vb is included within the mRNA;the small nucleolar RNA RBII-52 is complementary to exon Vb and promotes its inclusion. The expression of HBII-52 (the human equivalent of RBII-52) is reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome, patients of which have a high pain threshold. Here, we measured the pain threshold in a rat model of orofacial neuropathic pain and related it to the expression levels of wild-type and variant 5HTR2C and RBII-52. We generated an infraorbital nerve loose ligation model of neuropathic pain in rats and measured the pain threshold of the animals using mechanical stimulation with von Frey filaments. We then sacrificed the animals and examined the RNA levels of 5HTR2C and RBII-52 in the cervical spinal cord by real-time PCR. On post-injury day 28, pain threshold values in injured rats were significantly lower than in sham-operated or na?ve animals. The levels of total and exon Vb-skipped 5HTR2C mRNA were significantly lower in injured rats than in that sham-operated or na?ve rats, and the ratio of exon Vb-skipped 5HTR2C to total 5HTR2C was significantly higher. There were no significant differences in RBII-52 expression among the groups. Our data suggest that neuropathic pain induces serotonergic dysfunction mediated by 5HTR2C alternative splicing. 5HTR2C might be subject to complicated and fine regulation both by RNA editing and by alternative splicing.

关键词： Orofacial Neuropathic Pain Prader-Willi Syndrome Serotonin 2C Receptor Alternative Splicing SnoRNA RBII-52 RNA Editing Spinal Cord

Follow-up outcomes in patients with negative initial colon capsule endoscopy findings

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2021年第10期13卷 502-509页

作者： Konosuke Nakaji Mitsutaka Kumamoto Mikiko Yodozawa Kazuki Okahara Shigeo Suzumura Yukinori nakae Endoscopy Center Aishinkai Nakae HospitalWakayama-shi 640-8461WakayamaJapan Internal Medicine Japanese Red Cross Urakawa HospitalHigashichochinomiUrakawagun Urakawacho 057-0007HokkaidoJapan

BACKGROUND Colon capsule endoscopy(CCE),which became clinically applicable in 2006,is a simple and noninvasive procedure to evaluate colonic diseases;the accuracy of second-generation CCE,introduced in 2009,has dramatically ***,CCE is used as an alternative method for colorectal cancer screening,as well as for evaluating the mucosal lesions of inflammatory bowel disease,in cases where performing colonoscopy(CS)is ***,the outcomes of CCE are *** To investigate the outcomes of Japanese patients with negative findings(no polyps or colorectal cancer)on initial *** This retrospective,single-center study was conducted at the Endoscopic Center at Aishinkai nakae *** study included patients who underwent continuous CCE between November 2013 and August 2019,that exhibited no evidence of polyps or colorectal cancer at the initial CCE,and could be followed up using either the fecal immunochemical test(FIT),CS,or *** observational period,follow-up method,presence or absence of polyps and colorectal cancer,pathological diagnosis,and number of colorectal cancer deaths were *** Thirty-one patients(mean age,60.4±15.6 years;range,28–84 years;14 men and 17 women)were enrolled in this *** reasons for performing the first CCE were screening in 12,a positive FIT in six,lower abdominal pain in nine,diarrhea in two,and anemia in two *** mean total water volume at the time of examination was 3460±602 mL(2250–4800 mL),and a total CS was performed in 28 patients(90%).The degree of cleanliness was excellent in 15 patients and good in 16,and no poor cases were *** adverse events,such as retention or capsule aspiration,were observed in any of the *** mean follow-up period was 3.1±1.5 years(range,0.3–5.5 years).Follow-up included FIT in nine,CS in 20,and CCE in four patients(including duplicate patients).The FIT was positive in two patients,while CS revealed five polyp lesions(three in the

关键词： Colon capsule endoscopy Negative findings Observation Colorectal polyps Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer death