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Adaptation of Resilience against Disaster— Case Study of 2000 Tokai Flood and 2011 Flood in Shonai River, Japan

Natural Science 2015年第1期7卷 32-41页

作者： Marie Thomas makiko obana Tetsuro Tsujimoto Department of Civil Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

In this study, the application of the resilience concept of the flood event depending on progress of the time is analyzed as the hazard occurrence, the disaster risk, the damage risk, and the evolution of the damages. Flood disaster is defined as the occurrence of an inundation in an exposed area. The human exposure (loss of life, injury, …), structural (buildings, roads, …) and functional (economic, political, … functions of an area) economic exposure cause high risk of damage if the area in which the hazard occurs is at low resilience. Furthermore the damage will increase without adequate response against disaster. The flood disaster risk is decreased by flood control measures, reducing structural and functional exposure. Non-structural measures, such as appropriate prior-evacuation, decrease the human exposure to flood disaster. This study reviews the events of 2000 and 2011 floods in the Shonai River basin in Japan to help assess resilience to flood disaster. These two events had the same type of hazards in intensity and location, allowing the study in terms of adaptation to flood disaster in the river basin to focus on the structural and nonstructural effort to increase resilience of the disaster depending on progress of the time.

关键词： Heavy Rainfall Flood Flood Mitigation Evacuation Hazard Resilience Risk Management

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Modeling of Deposition Process of Particulate Organic Matter (POM) with Sand on Vegetated Area in a River

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第14期6卷 1290-1296页

作者： makiko obana Ho-Seong Jeon Tetsuro Tsujimoto Department of Civil Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

The transport and deposition of particulate organic matter (POM) in river streams has recently received much attention as one of important ecological processes in rivers. We focused on interacted behaviors of sand particles in bed load and POM in vegetated area on sand bars. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of deposition of POM with bed load on sandbars with the riparian vegetation. A basic experiment on POM transport and deposition with vegetation is conducted in a laboratory flume. It demonstrates that several issues still remain to be future investigated. In particular, the shear due to the bed roughness in the vegetated area and the transport and deposition process of sand particles and POM are required to be described by the proper modeling which will be introduced into a simulation model of various fluvial processes. The main results of this study are that ripples are formed by bed load in riparian vegetation and POM deposition is promoted by ripple behavior. Based on these results, the POM deposition with ripples in vegetated area is described by a conceptual model which will affect various aspects in ecosystem management based on fluvial processes.

关键词： Modeling Deposition Process Particulate Organic Matter (POM) Sand Vegetated Area

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Concept of Bed Roughness Boundary Layer and Its Application to Bed Load Transport in Flow with Non-Submerged Vegetation

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第10期6卷 881-887页

作者： Ho-Seong Jeon makiko obana Tetsuro Tsujimoto Department of Civil Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

Ecosystem conservation has become one of the purposes in river management as well as flood mitigation and water resources management, and understanding of river flow and morphology in a stream with vegetation becomes important. Recently 2D depth averaged analysis is familiar even in a stream with vegetation by taking account of form drag due to vegetation. However, the shear stress in vegetated area is not properly described because the resistance law due to bed roughness is not reasonably modified in vegetated area. In this study, we discussed the bed roughness boundary layer in flow with non-submerged vegetation to deduce a reasonable relation between U and u* in vegetated area toward improving the analysis of sediment transport. The results show that the modification of resistance law using by thickness, velocity distribution in that layer was found to bring significant improvement of accurate estimation of shear velocity and subsequently the sediment transport. The proposed modification is improved by 2D depth averaged analysis based on this concept, and its application is certificated through flume experiment.

关键词： Flow with Non-Submerged Vegetation Boundary Layer Bed Roughness Bed Load Transport

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