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Deficits in Magnocellular Pathway in Developmental Dyslexia: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Electroencephalography Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第2期3卷 168-178页

作者： Hisako Yamamoto Yosuke Kita Tomoka Kobayashi Hiroko Yamazaki makiko kaga Hideki Hoshino Takashi Hanakawa Hitoshi Yamamoto Masumi Inagaki Department of Developmental Disorders National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) Tokyo Japan Department of Pediatrics St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan Integrative Brain Imaging Center National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) Tokyo Japan

Background: Magnocellular deficit theory is among the different hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of developmental dyslexia (DD). Dysfunction of the magnocellular system in DD has been investigated using mainly visual evoked potentials (VEPs), particularly transient VEPs, although recently abnormal steady-state VEPs have also been reported. The brain regions responsible for the abnormal VEPs in DD have yet to be elucidated, however. In this study, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography (fMRI-EEG) simultaneously to elucidate the brain areas that were found in a previous study to be activated through stimulation of the magnocellular system, and then investigated the mechanism involved in the dysfunction seen in ***: Subjects were 20 healthy individuals (TYP group;13 men, 7 women;mean ± standard deviation age, 26.3 ± 5.53 years) and 2 men with DD (aged 42 and 30 years). Images of brain activity were acquired with 3-Tesla MRI while the viewing the reversal of low-spatial frequency and low-contrast black-and-white sinusoidal gratings. EEG was recorded concurrently to obtain steady-state ***: Stimulus frequency-dependent VEPs were observed in the posterior region of the brain in the TYP group;however, VEP amplitudes in both DD patients were clearly smaller than those in TYP. fMRI images revealed that both the primary and secondary visual cortices were activated by black-and- white sinusoidal gratings in the TYP group, whereas activity in the visual cortex overall was reduced in both DD ***: Present low spatial and high reversal frequency visual stimuli activated the primary visual cortex presumably through predominant activation of the magnocellular pathway. This finding indicates that some cases of adult patients of DD involve impairment of the visual magnocellular system.

关键词： Developmental Dyslexia Simultaneous Functional MRI-EEG Visual Evoked Potential Magnocellular Deficit Theory Magnocellular Pathway

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