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Profile of the Blood Count among People Living with HIV Monitored at the Institute of Social Hygiene and the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 133-141页

作者： Faye Cheikh Ibrahima Coly Mame Ngoné makalou demba Sène Abdoulaye Sall Abibatou Touré Awa Oumar Ly Fatouamata Hematology Laboratory of the Aristide le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Hematology Laboratory of the Ziguinchor Peace Hospital Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences Hematology Laboratory of the Sickle Cell Disease Control Center of Saint Louis Gaston Berger University of Saint Louis Dakar Senegal Pharmacy and Odontostomatology Faculty of Medicine Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Dermatology Department of the Social Hygiene Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic of concern to the World Health Organization. It is all the more worrisome because if not properly managed, it can be responsible for several complications, including abnormal blood counts. These abnormalities may also be related to treatment. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to show that adequate antiretroviral therapy can correct various abnormalities exerted by HIV on patients’ blood counts. The specific objective is to determine all the abnormalities we can see in blood count before and during HIV treatment. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted in the hematology laboratory and the dermatology departments of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital and the Institute of Social Hygiene. It took place from December 2009 to October 2011. It is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study involving HIV-positive patients (HIV 1 and 2) and under antiretroviral treatment (at least six months of treatment). We included 110 patients in the study. Blood counts were performed at the hematology laboratory of the Aristide le Dantec hospital using a KX21 automaton. Each patient received three blood counts during the first six months of treatment (M0, M3 and M6). A univariate analysis was performed to determine the profile of the abnormalities of the blood count and the chi 2 test was used and a threshold of p 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.6 ± 8.6 years (extremes of 18 and 64 years) with a sex ratio of 0.42 (77 females and 33 males). The prevalence of anemia was 80% (n = 88) at M0, 53, 63% at M3 (n = 59), and 38.20% at M6 (n = 42) (p = 0.02). We noted a favorable evolution with treatment. For the other abnormalities, the evolution was favorable for leukopenia (p = 0.011) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our study showed a correction of blood count abnormalities in PLHIV with antiretroviral treatment.

关键词： Blood Count Abnormalities Antiretroviral Treatment PLHIV

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Macrophage Activation Syndrome in a Context of Pre-B Type Lymphoblastic Acute Leucemia: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 141-147页

作者： Mamadou Wagué Gueye Sokhna Moumi Mbacké Daffé Mor Ngom Maguette Ndoye Papa Silman Diawara Nata Dieng demba makalou Macoura Gadji Macoura Gadji Awa Oumar Touré/Fall Bécaye Fall Laboratory Federation H&#244pital Principal de Dakar (HPD) Dakar Senegal Onco-Hematology H&#244pital Principal de Dakar (HPD) Dakar Senegal Laboratory CHR Saint-Louis Saint Louis Senegal Biological Hematology and Oncological Hematology Department (BOHD) Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS)/FMPOS-UCAD Dakar Senegal Biology H&#244pital Aristide Le Dantec (HALD) Dakar Senegal

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is linked to inappropriate stimulation of macrophage cells in the bone marrow and lymphoid system, resulting in abnormal phagocytosis of figurative blood elements and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is a rare and serious hyper-inflammatory condition of diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. MAS is characterized by non-specific clinical and laboratory signs associated with images of hemophagocytosis. MAS is either “primary” (familial or pediatric forms), or “secondary/reactive” to infection, neoplasia, or autoimmune disease. Hemopathies dominate MAS secondary to neoplasia. B-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of B lymphoid progenitors, blocked at an early stage of differentiation, leading to suppression of polyclonal hematopoiesis and subsequent development of signs associated with bone marrow failure. In this context, we report the observation of a macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) associated with ALL, diagnosed at Hôpital Principal de Dakar/Senegal, in a 69-year-old patient with a well-controlled type 2 diabetes under oral antidiabetic therapy (OAD) and good general condition.

关键词： Macrophage Activation Syndrome Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Adult

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COVID-19/Tuberculosis Co-Infection at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of Saint-Louis (Senegal): About 9 Cases

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 56-66页

作者： Alassane Dièye Moustapha Diedhiou Papa Latyr Junior Diouf Mba Bambo Diakhaby demba makalou Samba Niang Diatou Dia-Gueye Amadou Diop Dia Ibrahima Louis Martin Dieng Seynabou Lô Ndéye Méry Dia-Badiane Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Medicine Saint-Louis Regional Hospital Saint-Louis Senegal Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic of Fann Dakar Senegal

Introduction: COVID-19 is a global public health emergency that can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome. In countries where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic, coinfection of COVID-19 and TB is often encountered, which increases the risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of COVID-19/TB coinfection at the Epidemic treatment center (ETC) in Saint-Louis (Senegal) and to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and outcome profile of co-infected patients. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive cohort study based on the records of COVID-19/ TB co-infected patients who were hospitalized at the ETC in Saint-Louis (Senegal) over an 18-month period from March 2020 to September 2021. Results: Out of a total of 454 hospitalizations, we collected records of 9 patients co-infected with COVID-19/TB, resulting in a prevalence of 2%. The study included patients with a median age of 34 years (range: 10-86 years), with a male predominance (7 cases) and a sex ratio of 3.5. The majority of patients (88.9%) had severe forms of COVID-19. Dyspnea and cough were reported in all patients (100%). Pulmonary TB was the most frequent localization, with 9 cases. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by nasopharyngeal PCR in all patients (100%). Bacilloscopy was positive in 3 out of 5 cases. One patient tested positive for GeneXpert? MTB/RIF without rifampicin resistance. All patients were prescribed the hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin combination and anti-tuberculosis treatment. Out of the nine patients, four recovered (44.4%) and five died (55.5%). Conclusion: COVID-19/TB coinfection had a low prevalence in our cohort, but was associated with a high mortality due to the frequent occurrence of severe forms of the disease.

关键词： COVID-19 Tuberculosis Saint-Louis Senegal

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COVID-19/Tuberculosis Co-Infection at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of Saint-Louis (Senegal): About 9 Cases

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Advances in Infectious Diseases（传染病进展） 2024年第1期 56页

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Combating Climate Change Through Scratch Card Waste Management

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 99-100页

作者： Margaret Akinyi demba Minai Okach Joshua Environmental Science Intervarsity Environmental Network Unite for Climate(A Unicef Initiative)MESA-Mainstreaming Environmental Sustainability in African Universities(A UNEP Initiative)

One of the most challenging anthropogenic activities that have driven climate change off the edge is *** human populations have exerted a lot of pressure on natural forests due to the increased demand of resources—one of which is *** example of this effect is the increased usage of mobile phone scratch cards made out of paper that most of the population in Africa use to top-up

关键词： deforestation climate change recycling paper scratch-cards students

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Mango Diseases Classification Solutions Using Machine Learning or Deep Learning: A Review

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2022年第12期10卷 16-28页

作者： demba Faye Idy Diop Doudou Dione Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The mango crop suffers from several diseases that reduce both the production and the quality of the mangoes. This also reduces its price on the international market. Diagnosis of these diseases remains difficult in many countries due to poverty and lack of infrastructure. Plant pathologists use several techniques to identify these diseases. But these techniques are time consuming and relatively expensive for mango growers and the solutions proposed are often not very accurate and sometimes biased. In the last decade, researchers have proposed several solutions in the field of automatic diagnosis of mango diseases. Such solutions are based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. In this paper, we divided these solutions into two groups: solutions based on classical ML algorithms, and those based on DL. In recent years, DL, especially Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has become the most widely used method by researchers because of its impressive performance. The critical analysis of the proposed solutions has allowed us to identify their limits and potential challenges in mango disease automatic diagnosis.

关键词： Mango Diseases Diagnosis Image Processing Machine Learning Deep Learning

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国际社会在解决2013年马里政治和安全危机中的作用

国际社会在解决2013年马里政治和安全危机中的作用

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作者： BOUBACAR demba DEMBELE 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

马里是一个位于西非的内陆国家,人口1900万,由两个地理区域组成。90%的人口集中在南部首都巴马科附近,主要由黑人民族组成。该国北部地区人口由阿拉伯人和大部分游牧民族的图阿雷格人组成,该地区位于该国的边境,甚至存在武器和毒品,以... 详细信息

马里是一个位于西非的内陆国家,人口1900万,由两个地理区域组成。90%的人口集中在南部首都巴马科附近,主要由黑人民族组成。该国北部地区人口由阿拉伯人和大部分游牧民族的图阿雷格人组成,该地区位于该国的边境,甚至存在武器和毒品,以及难以控制极端主义团体,因为他们找到了庇护所。本研究旨在研究国际社会在解决马里2013年政治和安全危机中的作用。为此,本论文通过冲突解决理论以及维和机制分析国际社会在马里危机过程中的角色和作用。正文分为三章:第一章利比亚政权垮台的危机引发了新的武器交易产生以及卡扎菲雇用一些图阿雷格人,雇佣军回流给马里带来了巨大的挑战。2012年3月22日,军方夺取政权,很快就控制了一些领土。根据该地区的伊斯兰教法,这一举动破坏了位于廷巴克图的联合国教科文组织世界遗产。伊斯兰北方对巴马科萨赫勒地区的脆弱性颇为敏感,那里有受到马里难民及其恐怖主义影响的邻国,比如布基纳法索,毛里塔尼亚,尼日尔。第二章从不同维度分析了联合国对马里危机的介入。联合国安理会就马里问题发布了若干决议,国际社会将参与马里的局势。同样,马里总统寻求法国政府的援助,以镇压来自北方的反叛分子或恐怖组织。总的来说,法国通过联合国决议和A.U以及马里总统的要求,共同努力让国际社会参与解决马里的安全和政治危机。事实证明,这场危机难以通过谈判得到解决,因为叛乱分子和恐怖分子团体的要求无法与巴马科中央政府的要求相协调,正是这种僵局使军事手段成为解决冲突的唯一可行选择。为此,法国政府通过提供财政、后勤和军事干预(serval)来实现。第三章聚焦于非洲联盟(A.U)等组织参与解决马里危机。非盟将此事提交给西非国家经济共同体(西非经共体)以解决危机。然而,由于财政和技术方面的挑战,非盟在解决冲突方面做得不够。此外,法国军队和马里稳定团与马里军队合作,成功地压制了叛乱。本研究建议,为了使国际社会在危机干预中发挥有效作用,需要进行适当的规划,以便迅速应对像马里这样的危机。

关键词：危机联合国西非国家经济共同体法国军队在马里进行的一次军事行动全国解放阿扎瓦德运动

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Dust Source, Vertical Profile and Climate Impact by RegCM3 Regional Climate Model over West Africa during 2006

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2020年第2期10卷 206-219页

作者： Dialo Diop demba Ndao Niang Mamadou Simina Drame Abdoulaye Ba Département de Physique Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire de Physique de l’atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

This study aims to evaluate dust impact on climate parameters over the Sahel region by RegCM3 regional model during 2006. Indeed, aerosols are one of the main uncertainties in climate models. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from RegCM3 model has been validated with various observed datasets. The aerosol sources are identified over North Algeria and East of Sahel (Bodele depression). Discrepancies are noted when considering dust temporal and spatial distribution. Dust season extends between March and October, with two peaks of AOD recorded in March (spring) and June (summer). The dust vertical distribution showed that the mineral aerosol layer is located between 850 hPa and 300 hPa (1.5 km to 7 km). The RegCM3 model simulates fairly well the transport in the upper layers, especially in the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) during the summer. However, RegCM3 simulates poorly the transport and sedimentation of particles in the lower layers (below 2 km). The investigation of dust radiative impact shows a general cooling. The maximum of radiative forcing is located around 18°N - 20°N, with values of about -80 W/m2 in June - August (JJA) and -40 W/m2 at the surface during March - May (MAM). This study also showed the indirect effect of dust with a decrease in precipitation about -0.7 mm/day around 15 - 20°N during the rainy season.

关键词： Dust RegCM3 Sahel Lidar AERONET Temperature Rainfall West Africa

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Plant Disease Severity Assessment Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A Survey

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2023年第9期11卷 57-75页

作者： demba Faye Idy Diop Nalla Mbaye Doudou Dione Marius Mintu Diedhiou Polytechnic School of Dakar University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The world’s agricultural production suffers huge losses estimated between 20% and 40% annually. 40% to 50% of such losses are due to pest and diseases which cause significant economic losses every year. Precise assessment of severity is crucial for suitable management of crop diseases. It helps famers to avoid yield losses, reduce production costs, ensure good disease management and so on. This paper is a review of plant diseases severity estimation solutions proposed by researchers the last few years and based on Image Processing Techniques (IPT), classical Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. The analysis of these solutions has allowed us to identify their limitations and potential challenges in plant disease severity assessment.

关键词： Plant Disease Severity Machine Learning Deep Learning

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中小流域河流流量预测模型研究与实现

中小流域河流流量预测模型研究与实现

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作者：丹巴（COUTA demba）天津大学

学位级别：硕士

河流流量估算是水文学家普遍采用的一种活动,它考虑了几个气象因素。虽然有些方法需要彻底了解水文过程以及导致径流的不同参数之间的关系,但其他方法并不需要它。该研究工作主要提出了一种基于特定类型的人工神经网络的方法,称为长期... 详细信息

河流流量估算是水文学家普遍采用的一种活动,它考虑了几个气象因素。虽然有些方法需要彻底了解水文过程以及导致径流的不同参数之间的关系,但其他方法并不需要它。该研究工作主要提出了一种基于特定类型的人工神经网络的方法,称为长期短期记忆(LSTM)来预测泾河流量。本文借助LSTM的时间依赖建立了预测模型。该模型将根据前一天的流量和天气条件预测每天的河流流量。模型的性能高度依赖于超参数值。为了找到超参数的最佳组合,使用随机搜索方法,即,测试随机超参数的组合,直到实现最佳可能的参数。然后将建立的模型与GWLF(广义流域加载函数)的分水岭模型进行比较。由于GWLF使用月值,每日观察和预测的流量被转换为月总流量,以便能够比较性能。使用两个性能指标RMSE和NSE系数作为评价性能的依据,实际运行表明本文提出的LSTM模型在校准和验证期间都优于GWLF。

关键词：流量预测 LSTM 神经网络超参数优化 GWLF

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