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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 945-997页

作者： Jian Sheng Loh Wen Qi mak Li kar Stella Tan Chu Xin Ng hong hao Chan Shiau hueh Yeow Jhi Biau Foo Yong Sze Ong Chee Wun how kooi Yeong khaw School of Pharmacy Monash University MalaysiaJalan Lagoon Selatan47500 Bandar SunwaySelangorMalaysia School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health&Medical SciencesTaylor’s University1Jalan TaylorsSubang Jaya 47500 SelangorMalaysia Digital health&Medical Advancements Taylor’s University1Jalan TaylorsSubang Jaya 47500 SelangorMalaysia School of Biosciences Faculty of Health&Medical SciencesTaylor’s University1Jalan TaylorsSubang Jaya 47500 SelangorMalaysia UCL School of Pharmacy University College London29-39 Brunswick SquareLondon WC1N 1AXUK

The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial *** vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology,including health maintenance,development,aging,and *** advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome–host *** has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system,referred to as the“microbiota–gut–brain axis”.The microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions,making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative *** this review,we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in neurodegenerative *** the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes,we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative ***,we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach,while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut ***,we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier,blood–brain barrier,meninges,and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in ***,we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics,prebiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases.A thorough comprehension of the microbiota–gut–brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： degenerative therapeutic diseases

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CT血管造影(CTA)检测颈动脉狭窄可作为评价中风和短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的首选方法

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 47-47页

作者： Josephson S.A. Bryant S.O. mak h.k. W.S. Smith 邓剑平 Department of Neurology 505 Parnassus Avenue San Francisco CA 94143- 0114United States Dr.

Background: Imaging of the carotid arteries is important for the evaluation of patients with ischemic stroke or TIA. CT angiography (CTA) of the head and neck is readily avai lable and can be part of the routine imaging of stroke patients. To evaluate the accuracy of CTA, the authors compared the degree of stenosis found using CTA with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in consecutive patients during a 3 year period. Methods: The authors included all patients with interpretable CTA and DSA of the cervical carotid arteries from April 2000 to November 2002 at a single academic medical center. This yielded a total of 81 vessels. Stenosis on CTA of the internal carotid artery was measured in the axial plane at the point of maximum stenosis and referenced to the distal cervical internal carotid by two blinded readers. Two blinded readers measured stenosis from the DSA using the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial method. Results: Using a 70% cutoff value for stenosis, CTA and DSA were in agreement in 78 of 81 (96% ; 95% CI, 90 to 99% ) vessels. CTA was 100% sensitive (n = 5) and 63% specific (95% CI, 25 to 88% ), and the negative predictive value of a CTA demonstrating his consecutive series of patients with CT angiography of the neck and digital subtraction angiography, the authors found that CT angiography has a high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for carotid disease. CT angiography appears to be an excellent screening test for internal carotid artery stenosis, and the authors advocate its use for the initial imaging of patients with suspected stroke or TIA.

关键词：血管造影颈动脉狭窄 TIA CTA 血管成像阴性预测值血管狭窄程度狭窄部位影像学检查颈部血管

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M+博物馆

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世界建筑导报 2024年第3期39卷 96-99页

作者： Virgile Simon Bertrand(摄) kevin mak(摄) 不详

M+博物馆是西九文化区的一大文化中心,为20世纪和21世纪的艺术、设计、建筑和动态影像的展示场所。仅仅20年前,西九文化区所处之地还是海港的一部分。一块接一块地填海造地,将天然港湾改造成为陆地。现在,这片人工填海的土地是西九文化... 详细信息

M+博物馆是西九文化区的一大文化中心,为20世纪和21世纪的艺术、设计、建筑和动态影像的展示场所。仅仅20年前,西九文化区所处之地还是海港的一部分。一块接一块地填海造地,将天然港湾改造成为陆地。现在,这片人工填海的土地是西九文化区新建筑的建设场地。有意思的是,恰好是另一项曾被视为场地规划的阻碍工程,即机场快线的地下隧道,定义了这片区域的特殊性,成为M+博物馆项目设计的起点。

关键词：文化区场地规划建设场地填海造地动态影像博物馆地下隧道 21世纪

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An Exact Anisotropic Quark Star Model

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2002年第3期2卷 248-259页

作者： M.k.mak T.harko DepartmentofPhysics TheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyClearWaterBayHongKong DepartmentofPhysics TheUniversityofHongKongPokfulamHongKong

We present an exact analytical solution of the gravitational field equations describing a static spherically symmetric anisotropic quark matter distribution. The radial pressure inside the star is assumed to obey a linear equation of state, while the tangential pressure is a complicated function of the radial coordinate. In order to obtain the general solution of the field equations a particular density profile inside the star is also assumed. The anisotropic pressure distribution leads to an increase in the maximum radius and mass of the quark star, which in the present model is around three solar masses.

关键词： Stars - quark: interior solution: anisotropy

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MicroRNA-based therapeutics for optic neuropathy:opportunities and challenges

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 1996-1997页

作者： heather k.mak Christopher k.S.Leung Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Optic nerve degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide with glaucoma being the most common optic neuropathy,affecting approximately 76 million people worldwide in *** optic nerve comprises axons of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),the output neurons of the inner *** RGCs and axons from degeneration and regenerating RGC axons to preserve and recover vision in patients with progressive optic neuropathy is an unmet *** embryonic neurons,mature neurons of the mammalian central nervous system fail to regenerate their axons following *** age-related loss of axon regenerative capacity of RGCs over time renders vision loss from optic neuropathy *** failure of injured RGCs to regenerate axons is largely attributed to inhibitory molecules in the extrinsic environment and a change in the intrinsic molecular makeup of aging *** studies have demonstrated that RGCs require specific molecular signals for the stimulation of axon growth even without inhibitory molecules in the extrinsic environment,leading successive efforts to focus on uncovering the intrinsic signaling pathways that control axon extension during RGC development.

关键词： neuropathy degeneration stimulation

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生物炭施加垄沟集雨种植对水土流失及紫花苜蓿草产量的影响

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草地学报 2024年第5期32卷 1314-1326页

作者：朱进辉赵武成 Erastus mak-Mensah 王琦张登奎周旭姣赵晓乐戚文佳马文崔循臻李旭春刘冰甘肃农业大学草业学院甘肃兰州730070 甘肃省定西市水利科学研究所甘肃定西743000 甘肃省定西市水土保持科学研究所甘肃定西743000 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院临泽内陆河流域研究站/中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室甘肃兰州730000

为缓解我国黄土高原区干旱胁迫和控制水土流失,本研究采用裂区设计,生物炭施加模式(生物炭施加和无生物炭施加)为主区,耕作模式(打结垄、开敞垄和平作)为副区,研究不同生物炭施加模式和耕作模式对土壤水分、径流、泥沙流失、养分流失、... 详细信息

为缓解我国黄土高原区干旱胁迫和控制水土流失,本研究采用裂区设计,生物炭施加模式(生物炭施加和无生物炭施加)为主区,耕作模式(打结垄、开敞垄和平作)为副区,研究不同生物炭施加模式和耕作模式对土壤水分、径流、泥沙流失、养分流失、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)干草产量和水分利用效率的影响。试验结果表明,在2019和2020年紫花苜蓿生育期,与平作处理相比,开敞垄和打结垄处理的径流量、泥沙、全氮、全磷、有机质流失量分别减少20.1%~37.7%和60.1%~64.7%,54%~75.5%和77.1%~87.6%,44.4%~65.5%和49.0%~81.8%,36.7%~75.3%和48.6%~87.3%,48.2%~72.9%和58.6%~85.4%,土壤贮水量、紫花苜蓿干草产量和水分利用效率分别增加39.5~52.1和31.2~60.5 mm,26.2%~31.7%和26.5%~35.2%,10.07~14.86和12.14~16.55 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1)。与无生物炭施加处理相比,生物炭施加处理的径流量、泥沙、全氮、全磷和有机质流失量分别减少48%~69%,94%~125%,12%~24%,28%~46%和35%~48%,土壤贮水量、紫花苜蓿干草产量和水分利用效率分别增加42.93~26.09 mm,106%~111%和1.96~6.90 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1)。本研究表明,生物炭施加打结垄沟集雨种植是该区域适宜耕作模式。

关键词：生物炭添加模式耕作模式径流水土流失养分流失坡地

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A pathophysiology-based approach to the management ot early priapism

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 20-26页

作者： Jason R kovac Siu k mak Maurice M Garcia Tom FLue Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA The Chinese University of hong kong Department of Surgery Prince of Wales HosPital Hong Kong China Department of Urology University of California San Francisco CA 94143 USA

Priapism is a rare condition that involves persistent penile erection for greater than 4 h. Distinct variants exist, each with unique characteristics. Ischemic priapism is a painful medical emergency that may occur as a result of veno-occlusion leading to hypoxia and tissue death. Recurrent bouts of ischemic priapism, or stuttering priapism, require treatment for individual attacks as well as long-term prevention. Non-ischemic priapism is associated with trauma and may be managed conservatively. Recent advances into the pathophysiology of priapism have allowed the development of treatment algorithms that specifically target the mechanisms involved. In this review, we outline the basics of smooth muscle contraction and describe how derangement of these pathways results in priapism. A pathophysiological approach to the treatment of priapism is proposed with duration-based algorithms presented to assist in management.

关键词： algorithm ischemic management priapism T-shunt tunneling

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Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第2期3卷 202-210页

作者： N.k.mak Y.k.MOk V.W.D.ChUI M.h.WONG Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist College 224 Waterloo Road Hong Kong

A bacterial strain tolerant to the presence of 400 ppm lead was isolated from digested sewage sludge. The organism was identified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var: anitraus (98% confidence). Both viable and formalin-inactivated bacterial cells could remove Pb from an aqueous solution. The Pb-binding ability of inactivated cells was compared with that of a commercial ion-exchange resin, Amberlite IR-I20. The metal-binding ability of A. calcoaceticus followed the sequence Pb≥Cu≥Cr≥ (Cd, Ni, and Zn)≥Co. The ability of the inactivated cells to remove Pb was ph sensitive, and the adsorption process was slightly affected at high temperature (70℃). The adsorption and desorption process worked equally well with A. calcoaceticus embedded in a polyacrylamide gel matrix. (c)1990 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词：柳人

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On the Integrability of the Abel and of the Extended Liénard Equations

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2019年第4期35卷 722-736页

作者： Man kwong mak Tiberiu hARkO Departamento de Fsica Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad de Atacama Copayapu 485 Copiapo Chile Department of Physics Babes-Bolyai University Kogalniceanu Street Cluj-Napoca 400084 Romania School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

We present some exact integrability cases of the extended Liénard equation y′′+ f(y)(y′)n +k(y)(y′)m + g(y)y′+ h(y) = 0, with n > 0 and m > 0 arbitrary constants, while f(y), k(y), g(y), and h(y) are arbitrary functions. The solutions are obtained by transforming the equation Liénard equation to an equivalent first kind first order Abel type equation given bydv/dy= f(y)v3-n+ k(y)v3-m+ g(y)v2+ h(y)v3, with v = 1/y′.As a first step in our study we obtain three integrability cases of the extended quadratic-cubic Liénard equation,corresponding to n = 2 and m = 3, by assuming that particular solutions of the associated Abel equation are known. Under this assumption the general solutions of the Abel and Liénard equations with coefficients satisfying some differential conditions can be obtained in an exact closed form. With the use of the Chiellini integrability condition, we show that if a particular solution of the Abel equation is known, the general solution of the extended quadratic cubic Liénard equation can be obtained by quadratures. The Chiellini integrability condition is extended to generalized Abel equations with g(y) ≡ 0 and h(y) ≡ 0, and arbitrary n and m, thus allowing to obtain the general solution of the corresponding Liénard equation. The application of the generalized Chiellini condition to the case of the reduced Riccati equation is also considered.

关键词： Abel equation Liénard equation general solutions integrability conditions

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麦锦泉:唯有热爱方能致远

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中国宝石 2024年第2期 74-76页

作者： George(文) 麦锦泉(图) 不详香港珠宝玉石厂商会小组中国香港

出生于中国香港的麦锦泉(Ceorge mak)进入珠宝行业已有四十余年。学生时代的他没有接受过专业的珠宝设计训练,却凭借热爱、好学、勤奋,自学成才,并以强烈的个人设计风格享誉珠宝行业。他常说:“独特性是设计师的DNA,要让客人一望便知那... 详细信息

出生于中国香港的麦锦泉(Ceorge mak)进入珠宝行业已有四十余年。学生时代的他没有接受过专业的珠宝设计训练,却凭借热爱、好学、勤奋,自学成才,并以强烈的个人设计风格享誉珠宝行业。他常说:“独特性是设计师的DNA,要让客人一望便知那是你的作品。”

关键词：珠宝行业珠宝设计中国香港设计风格热爱独特性

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