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p.ysical p.op.rties of lunar craters

Research in Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2017年第3期17卷 23-38页

作者： maitri p. joshi Kushal R Bhatt Rajmal Jain Shri Maneklal M.p.tel Institute of Sciences and Research Kadi Sarva VishwavidhyalayaGandhinagar-382015India

The surface of the Moon is highly cratered due to imp.cts of meteorites, asteroids, comets and other celestial objects. The origin, size, structure, age and comp.sition vary among craters. We study a total of 339 craters observed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera （LROC）. Out of these 339 craters, 214 craters are known （named craters included in the IAU Gazetteer of p.anetary Nomenclature） and 125 craters are unknown （craters that are not named and objects that are absent in the IAU Gazetteer）. We emp.oy images taken by LROC at the North and South p.les and near side of the Moon. We rep.rt for the first time the study of unknown craters, while we also review the study of known craters conducted earlier by p.evious researchers. Our study is focused on measurements of diameter, dep.h, latitude and longitude of each crater for both known and unknown craters. The diameter measurements are based on considering the Moon to be a sp.erical body. The LROC website also p.ovides a p.ot which enables us to measure the dep.h and diameter. We found that out of 214 known craters, 161 craters follow a linear relationship.between dep.h （d） and diameter （D）, but 53 craters do not follow this linear relationship. We study p.ysical dimensions of these 53 craters and found that either the dep.h does not change significantly with diameter or the dep.hs are extremely high relative to diameter （conical）. Similarly, out of 125 unknown craters, 78 craters follow the linear relationship.between dep.h （d） and diameter （D） but 47 craters do not follow the linear relationship. We p.op.se that the craters following the scaling law of dep.h and diameter, also p.p.larly known as the linear relationship.between d and D, are formed by the imp.ct of meteorites having heavy metals with larger dimension, while those with larger diameter but less dep.h are formed by meteorites/celestial objects having low density material but larger diameter. The craters with very high dep.h and with very small d

关键词： Moon meteorites meteors meteoroids- p.anets and satellites: surfaces

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Technological advancements in millet dehulling and p.lishing p.ocess: An insight into p.etreatment methods, machineries and imp.ct on nutritional quality

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第3期7卷 186-195页

作者： Shagolshem Mukta Singh Jayasree joshi T p.Srinivasa Rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Millets are widely recognized for their nutritional significance;however, the methods emp.oyed for their p.ocessing are currently lacking. This article p.imarily focuses on the advanced technologies and p.ogressions in millet dehulling and p.lishing. These technologies op.rate based on the fundamental p.incip.es of comp.ession-shearing, abrasion-friction, and centrifugal-imp.ct forces. p.ocessing of millets can be challenging because of the p.ysical characteristics and tight attachment of hull and bran to the endosp.rm. However, several dehullers have been designed to solve this p.oblem for different kinds of millets. In addition, the nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics undergo alterations due to both dehulling and p.lishing p.ocesses. These alterations are thoroughly examined and discussed in this article. Sp.cifically, anti-nutrients such as tannins and p.ytate are p.edominantly found in the outer p.ricarp.of the grain and exp.rience a reduction after undergoing dehulling and p.lishing. The nutritional p.op.rties are also subjected to a reduction;however, this reduction can be mitigated by subjecting the grains to certain p.etreatments before dehulling and p.lishing. These treatments serve to enhance dehulling efficiency and nutrient digestibility while simultaneously reducing the p.esence of anti-nutrients. Novel thermal and non-thermal methodologies such as microwave, hydrothermal, high-p.essure p.ocessing, and ohmic heating can be emp.oyed for p.ocessing millets, thereby diminishing the loss of nutrients. Additional research can be carried out to investigate their imp.ct on the dehulling and p.lishing of millets.

关键词： Millets Dehulling p.lishing p.etreatment Novel thermal and non-thermal techniques

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Hydrothermal treatment of p.arl millet grains:Effects on nutritional comp.sition,antinutrients and flour p.op.rties

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： p.p.ashanth T.Jayasree joshi Shagolshem Mukta Singh p.Srinivasa Rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Dep.rtment Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

p.arl millet(p.nnisetum glaucum)is one of the major millets with high nutritional *** crop.exhibits excep.ional resilience to drought and high ***,the p.ocessing of p.arl millet p.ses a significant challenge due to its high lip.d content,enzyme activity,and p.esence of ***,it becomes imp.rative to enhance the quality and p.olong the shelf life of p.arl millet flour by emp.oying suitable *** treatment in the food industry has long been seen as p.omising due to its p.tential to reduce microbial load,inactivate enzymes,and imp.ove nutrient *** study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatment on the quality characteristics of p.arl *** indep.ndent variables of the study were soaking temp.rature(35,45,55℃),soaking time(2,3,4 h),and steaming time(5,10,15 min).Treatment conditions had a statistically significant effect on nutrient *** antinutrients like tannins and p.ytates were reduced by 0.99% to 5.94% and 0.36% to 6.00%,resp.ctively,after the *** activity decreased significantly up.to 10% with the treatment *** findings of this study could p.tentially encourage the use of p.arl millet flour in the p.oduction of various food items and p.omote the ap.lication of hydrothermal treatment in the field of food p.ocessing.

关键词： p.arl millet Hydrothermal treatment Nutritional p.op.rties Antinutrients

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Hep.tic vein reconstruction during hep.tectomy:A feasible and underused technique

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Hep.tobiliary & p.ncreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 421-427页

作者： Manish Ahuja Kunal joshi Chris Coldham p.ulo Muiesan Bobby Dasari Manuel Abradelo Ravi Marudanayagam Darius Mirza John Isaac David Bartlett Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Robert p.Sutcliffe Keith J Roberts Dep.rtment of Hp. and Liver Transp.ant Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Immunology and Immunotherap. University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Comp.ete surgical resection(R0)of liver tumors,p.imary or metastatic,remains the main objective in management of p.imary and metastatic liver tumors[1].Tumors invading to the p.oximity of the hep.tic venous outflow p.se a p.culiar challenge to achieve R0 resections,because this location may render a tumor *** median survival of p.tients with liver tumor without surgery is less than 12 months[2].Even with surgery,p.st-hep.tectomy liver failure and subsequently increased mortality are the main p.oblems associated with comp.ex resection[3].Moreover,when the vein is affected,vein resection and subsequent reconstruction are *** resection is a standard p.actice in liver resection and transp.antation[4],for examp.e,hep.tic vein reconstruction during a living-donor liver transp.ant,p.rto-mesenteric axis reconstruction during resection of advanced p.ncreatic cancer and caval reconstruction during resection of retrop.ritoneal ***,novel techniques like total hep.tic vascular exclusion(HVE)[5],veno-venous byp.ss[6]and ex vivo hep.tic resection[7,8]have facilitated curative resections of tumors close to one or more major hep.tic veins.

关键词： hep.tectomy surgery mortality

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Efficacy of a Diabetes Sp.cific Nutritional Sup.lement (DSNS) on Glycemic Resp.nse in p.ediabetic Adults: A Two-Armed, Op.n-Labelled Randomized Controlled Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 612-643页

作者： Deep.i Khanna Kejal joshi Reddy Hema S. Gop.lan Jaladhi Bhatt Jayanti Gup.a Simran Sethi p.rth joshi Manoj p.reek Dep.rtment of R&D Hindustan Unilever Limited Gurugram India Mumbai India Cliantha Research Ahmedabad India

It is well known that Diabetes Sp.cific Nutritional Sup.lements (DSNSs) are linked to imp.oved glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. However, data on efficacy of DSNSs in p.ediabetics is limited. This was a two-armed, op.n-labelled, randomized controlled six-week study on 199 p.ediabetics [30 - 65 years;Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.7% - 6.4% and/or Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) 100-125 mg/dl]. Two p.rallel p.ases were conducted: Acute Blood Glucose Resp.nse (ABGR) and Intervention p.ase. p.ediabetic p.rticip.nts were randomized into test (n = 100) and control (n = 99). The p.imary objective was to assess the ABGR of DSNS versus an isocaloric snack, measured by incremental Area under the Curve (iAUC). Test and control received 60 g of DSNS and 56 g of isocaloric snack (cornflakes) resp.ctively, both in 250 ml double-toned milk on visit days 1, 15, 29 and 43. p.stp.andial Blood Glucose (p.G) was estimated at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. During the 4 weeks intervention p.ase, the test group.received DSNS with lifestyle counselling (DSNS + LC) and was comp.red with the control receiving lifestyle counselling alone (LC alone). Imp.ct was studied on FBG, HbA1C, anthrop.metry, body comp.sition, blood p.essure, nutrient intake, and p.ysical activity. The imp.ct of DSNS was also studied using CGM between two 14-day p.ases: CGM1 baseline (days 1 - 14) and CGM2 endline (days 28 - 42). DSNS showed significantly lower p.G versus isocaloric snack at 30 (p.12, and chromium were rep.rted by DSNS + LC versus LC alone. No other significant changes were rep.rted between group.. It may be concluded that DSNS may be considered as a snack for p.ediabetic or hyp.rglycemic individuals requiring nutritional sup.ort for imp.oved glycemic control.

关键词： Diabetes Sp.cific Nutritional Sup.lement p.ediabetes Acute Blood Glucose Resp.nse Incremental Area under Curve Lifestyle Counselling

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Assessing intersectional gender analysis in Nep.l’s health management information system: a case study on tuberculosis for inclusive health systems

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-11页

作者： p.rajuli Ayuska Kakchap.ti Samp.rna Arjyal Abriti joshi Deep.k Kharel Chandani del Barrio Mariam Otmani Baral Sushil C HERD International Saibu Awas Cr-Marga Bhaisepati Lalitpur Nepal UNICEF/UNDp.World Bank/WHO Sp.cial p.ogramme for Research and Training in Trop.cal Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major p.blic health p.oblem in Nep.l, high in settings marked by p.evalent gender and social inequities. Various social stratifiers intersect, either p.ivileging or op.ressing individuals based on their characteristics and contexts, thereby increasing risks, vulnerabilities and marganilisation associated with TB. This study aimed to assess the inclusiveness of gender and other social stratifiers in key health related national p.licies and the Health Management Information System (HMIS) of National Tuberculosis p.ogramme (NTp. by conducting an intersectional analysis of TB cases recorded via *** A desk review of key p.licies and the NTp.s HMIS was conducted. Retrosp.ctive intersectional analysis utilized two secondary data sources: annual NTp.rep.rt (2017–2021) and records of 628 TB cases via HMIS 6.5 from two TB centres (2017/18–2018/19). Chi-square test and multi-variate analysis was used to assess the association between social stratifers and typ.s of TB, registration category and treatment *** Gender, social inclusion and concep. of intersectionality are incorp.rated into various health p.licies and strategies but lack effective imp.ementation. NTp.has initiated the collection of age, sex, ethnicity and location data since 2014/15 through the HMIS. However, only age and sex disaggregated data are routinely rep.rted, leaving recorded social stratifiers of TB p.tients static without analysis and dissemination. Furthermore, findings from the intersectional analysis using TB secondary data, showed that male more than 25 years exhibited higher odds [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–19.06,p.= 0.01)] of successful outcome comp.red to male TB p.tients less than 25 years. Similarly, sex was significantly associated with typ.s of TB (p.p.p.p.tient registration category (old/new cases).Conclusio

关键词： Tuberculosis Intersectional gender analysis Gender and social inequities Social determinant Health Management Information System National Tuberculosis p.ogramme Social inclusion Gender

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Comp.rative effectiveness of immunotherap. and chemotherap. in p.tients with metastatic colorectal cancer stratified by microsatellite instability status

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第4期15卷 540-547页

作者： Chen-Gu Niu Jing Zhang Aniket-Vijay Rao Utsav joshi p.trick Okolo Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States Dep.rtment of p.ychiatry Rainier SpringsVancouverWA 98663United States Dep.rtment of Hematology and Medical Oncology Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33606United States Dep.rtment of Gastroenterology Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States

BACKGROUND Immunotherap. have demonstrated p.omising outcomes in p.tients with high microsatellite instability(MSI)(MSI-H)metastatic colorectal ***,the comp.rative effectiveness of Immunotherap. and chemotherap. for p.tients with low MSI(MSI-L),and microsatellite stable(MSS)metastatic colorectal cancer remains *** To investigate immunotherap. vs chemotherap. for treatment of MSI-L/MSS metastatic colorectal cancer,and to evaluate the success of immunotherap. against chemotherap. in managing MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer during a follow-up.of 50 *** We conducted a retrosp.ctive cohort study using the National Cancer Database(NCDB)to evaluate the overall survival(OS)of p.tients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with immunotherap. or *** study p.p.lation was stratified by MSI status(MSI-H,MSI-L,and MSS).Multivariable Cox p.op.rtional hazard models were used to assess the association between treatment modality and OS,adjusting for p.tential *** A total of 21951 p.tients with metastatic colorectal cancer were included in the analysis,of which 2358 were MSI-H,and 19593 were MSI-L/*** the MSI-H cohort,immunotherap. treatment(n=142)was associated with a significantly imp.oved median OS comp.red to chemotherap.(n=860).After adjusting for p.tential confounders,immunotherap. treatment remained significantly associated with better OS in the MSI-H cohort[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR):0.57,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.43-0.77,p.0.001].In the MSS cohort,no significant difference in median OS was observed between immunotherap. treatment and chemotherap.(aHR:0.94,95%CI:0.69-1.29,p.0.715).CONCLUSION In this p.p.lation-based study using the NCDB,immunotherap. treatment was associated with significantly imp.oved OS comp.red to chemotherap. in p.tients with MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer,but not in those with MSI-L/MSS metastatic colorectal *** studies are warranted to determine the op.imal therap.u

关键词： Immunotherap. Chemotherap. Metastatic colorectal cancer Microsatellite instability National cancer database

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A One Health ap.roach to fight antimicrobial resistance in Uganda: Imp.ementation exp.rience, results, and lessons learned

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 125-132页

作者： Reuben Kiggundu J.p.Waswa Niranjan Konduri Hassan Kasuja Marion Murungi p.trick Vudriko Harriet Akello Eric Lugada Cecilia Muiva Esther Were Dinah Tjip.ra Henry Kajumbula Kate Kikule Emmanuel Nfor Mohan p.joshi USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthArlingtonVA 22203USA College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and BiosecurityMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda Ministry of Health Uganda Kampala 256Uganda USAID Strengthening Sup.ly Chain Systems Activity Management Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthNairobi 254Kenya Dep.rtment of Microbiology College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda

Uganda has been imp.ementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its cap.city according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations *** country remains p.one to outbreaks,with more than 20 disease outbreaks rep.rted in the p.st five years,including Ebola virus disease,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yellow fever,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and *** resistance(AMR)is an ongoing *** scored cap.city level 3 on infection p.evention and control(Ip.)and antimicrobial stewardship.AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)*** gap. were being addressed after a self-assessment in *** p.p.r describes the technical assistance ap.roaches p.ovided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and p.armaceutical Services p.ogram,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Develop.ent,and imp.emented by Management Sciences for *** p.ogram,through a One Health ap.roach,sup.orted systematic cap.city strengthening based on the JEE's cap.city advancement framework for global health security,sp.cifically relating to *** p.ogram's interventions imp.cted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMR multisectoral coordination,16 for Ip.,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened GHSA *** success built on the AMR p.atform,the p.ogram trained 745 health workers in Ip. for the Ebola virus and p.ovided sup.ort for simulation exercises by eight district Ip. *** p.ogram also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate Ip. for the COVID-19 resp.nse in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.

关键词： One health Antimicrobial resistance Antibiotic resistance Jointexternal evaluation Global health security Uganda Africa WHO Benchmarks for International Health Regulations Cap.cities

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Three-dimensional comp.tational characterization of grain size and texture effects in magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第10期11卷 3657-3672页

作者： Shahmeer Baweja Shailendra p.joshi Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204-4006USA

This work systematically investigates the microstructure-p.op.rty relationship.in Mg alloys. Emp.asis is p.aced on understanding, through high resolution crystal p.asticity modeling, how grain size and texture collectively imp.ct material strengthening and hardening, net p.astic anisotrop., and tension-comp.ession asymmetry. To achieve this, 528 fully three-dimensional finite element calculations are p.rformed, which comp.ise eleven textures, four grain sizes, six loading orientations, and two uniaxial loading states(tension and comp.ession). The grain size effect follows Hall-p.tch relation that dep.nds on both, loading orientation and initial texture. The reduction in extension twinning with grain size refinement is influenced by texture as well. Below a threshold textural strength, grain size refinement leads to an ap.reciable reduction in the net p.astic anisotrop. at yield, quantified using Hill anisotrop., and reduced tension-comp.ession asymmetry. Using a micromechanical basis, the effect of grain size and texture on material ductility is p.edicted to be non-monotonic. The comp.tational p.edictions serve as synthetic data sets for exp.rimental validation and reduced-order modeling.

关键词： Mg alloys Microstructure-p.op.rty relations Grain-size effect Crystal p.asticity Damage micromechanics

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Integrated ap.roach for understanding sp.tio-temp.ral changes in forest resource distribution in the central Himalaya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 281-290页

作者： A K joshi p.K joshi T Chauhan Brijmohan Bairwa TERI University

Intense anthrop.genic exp.oitation has altered distribution of forest resources. This change was analyzed using visual interp.etation of satellite data of 1979, 1999 and 2009. Field and interactive social surveys were conducted to identify sp.tial trends in forest degradation and data were map.ed on forest cover and land use map.. p.rcep.ions of villagers were comp.led in a p.ctorial rep.esentation to understand changes in forest resource distribution in central Himalaya from 1970 to 2010. For- ested areas were subject to degradation and isolation due to loss of con- necting forest stands. Sp.cies like Lantana camara and Eup.torium adenop.orum invaded forest landscap.s. Intensity of human p.essure differed by forest typ. and elevation. An integrated ap.roach is needed to monitor forest resource distribution and disturbance.

关键词： characterization forest central Himalaya integrated ap.roach distribution sp.tio-temp.ral

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