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A newly developed soft-type turtle releasing device(Soft-TRD)for setnet fisheries

Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第4期6卷 359-366页

作者： Daisuke Shiode maika shiozawa Fuxiang Hu Tadashi Tokai Yoshio Hirai Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology MinatoTokyo108-8477Japan NITTO SEIMO Co. LTD.MinatoTokyo105-0004Japan

This study investigated a newly developed soft-type turtle releasing device(Soft-TRD)for *** setnet fish chambers(bag nets)are open at the sea surface,while others are closed(with ceiling netting)and *** turtles that stray into submerged bag nets often drown because the ceiling netting prevents them from swimming up to the surface to *** Soft-TRD has a slit that functions as an escape outlet at the center of a 2 m×2 m *** escape slit remains closed,due to the buoyancy of a float attached at each end of the slit,and prevents fish from getting *** can push the escape slit upward,which opens and allows the turtles to *** decide the optimum design of the Soft-TRD,a turtle releasing trial was conducted in an outdoor water *** loggerhead turtles(Caretta caretta)(standard carapace length(SCL):67.1-72.8 cm)and five green turtles(Chelonia mydas)(SCL:42.4-63.4 cm)were used for the trial.A single turtle was placed into the experimental bag net where the Soft-TRD(six models in total)was mounted at the center part of the ceiling,and its behavior was *** turtles successfully escaped the model with a 150 cm length escape slit,10 cm overlaying width,and a 4 kgf buoyancy float at each *** escape slit immediately closed after the turtles escaped.A sea trial(same model)was also performed using a submerged bag net(30×10×10 m)for two *** 90%(seven of the eight)of the entrapped loggerhead turtles successfully escaped out through the *** was not interrupted by the introduction of this *** use of the Soft-TRD would be helpful in releasing sea turtles from the setnets and contribute to sea turtle conservation efforts.

关键词： Bycatch Push-up Setnet Soft-TRD Turtle releasing device Turtle releasing system

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Preliminary Mapping and Characterisation of Soils in the Pirin Mountains (Bulgaria)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第2期5卷 122-129页

作者： maika Lβiger Jrg Scheithauer Karsten Grunewald University of Technology Dresden D-01062 Dresden Germany Landscape Research Centre Dresden Am Ende 14 D-01277 Dresden Germany

Soil types, humus types and vegetation as well as their hypsometric variation were analysed in terms of sequences in the northern part of the high mountains of the Pirin National Park at altitudes between looo and 2400 m a.s.1. The study area is characterised by a large variety of natural parameters like petrology （mainly marble and granite）, morphology （different slope deposits, exposition） and the orographic climate gradient. Statistical analyses using these parameters provided a basis for the soil group classification of the sites. Based on a Digital Terrain Model （DTM） and a geological map of the Pirin National Park, the results of these statistical analyses were used to generate a ＂map of potential soil groups＂（regionalisation using GIS）. Six potential soil groups could be determined. The resulting map exhibits a confidence level of 68 % on 74.4 % of the covered area. Rendzic Leptosols, in combination with Folic Histosols and Histi-lithic Leptosols occur in the alpine and subalpine regions on calcareous substrates. With decreasing altitude they are replaced by a mosaic of Rendzic Leptosols, Phaeozems and an increasing occurrence of Cambic Umbrisols. Umbrisols found on silicatic substrates in the alpine region are replaced by Cambic Umbrisols with decreasing altitude as well. Hence, pedogenesis is characterised by increasing browning and depth of the soil profiles with decreasing altitude. The pH-level is slightly acidic to neutral in lower zones and on calcareous rocky bases. Acidification increases in the subalpine zone. Soil pH decreases down to 4 on silicate subtrates. Typical humic values in mineral topsoils are 10 to 12 %, and in organic layers of the soils above 2000 m a.s.1, they are even more. The C：N ratio closely ranges around 20 （median）.

关键词： Cluster analysis soil mapping hypsometric soil differentiation Southeast Europe

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Pediatric off-label use of psychotropic drugs approved for adult use in Japan in the light of approval information regarding pediatric patients in the United States: a study of a pharmacy prescription database

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第1期15卷 92-99页

作者： Nanae Tanemura maika Asawa Mayuko Kuroda Tsuyoshi Sasaki Yoshiaki Iwane Hisashi Urushihara Division of Drug Development and Regulatory Science Faculty of PharmacyKeio University1-5-30 ShibakoenMinato-kuTokyo 105-8512Japan Department of Child Psychiatry Chiba University HospitalChibaJapan KRAFT Inc. TokyoJapan

Background Off-label use of psychotropic prescriptions for pediatric patients has been increasing in *** study sought to clarify pediatric patients' off-label use of psychotropics approved only for adults in *** This retrospective study on psychotropic utilization employed a pharmaceutical health insurance claims database supplied by a pharmacy for the fiscal year *** psychotropic drugs were *** each drug,we calculated the proportion of patients aged < 16 years or who were under the approved age limit set in the United States out of all *** maximum daily dose of each drug within the study period was plotted by *** Data of 45,715 patients (female:26,799,male:18,916) with 331,920 prescriptions were examined in this *** each drug,the proportion of pediatric patients aged < 16 years ranged from 0.15 to 1.1%,while the proportion of those under the approved age limit in the United States ranged from 0 to 0.27%.Olanzapine had the highest reported *** drugs other than olanzapine were taken under the approved age limit in the United *** We identified the pediatric off-label use of psychotropics that were limited to adult use in *** results indicated the possibility of referring to international guidelines or evidence in clinical practice,but these factors do not discount the existing problems with off-label *** clinical trials within the pediatric population in Japan are needed to address the issue of off-label use and obtain useful and reliable information in the package inserts for rational use in future pediatric patients.

关键词： Japan Off-label use Pediatric Prescription Psychotropic drug

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Hydrogen promotes the activation of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase in a rat corneal alkali-burn model

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第8期13卷 1173-1179页

作者： Takeshi Arima Tsutomu Igarashi Masaaki Uchiyama maika Kobayashi Ikuroh Ohsawa Akira Shimizu Hiroshi Takahashi Department of Ophthalmology Nippon Medical SchoolTokyo1138602Japan Department of Analytic Human Pathology Nippon Medical SchoolTokyo1138602Japan Biological Process of Aging Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyo173-0015Japan

AIM: To investigate the effects of hydrogen(H2) on Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD1) activation in a rat model of corneal alkali burn. METHODS: In each rat, one cornea was subjected to alkali exposure. Physiological saline(saline group) or H2-dissolved saline(H2 group) was instilled continuously on the cornea for 5 min before and after alkali exposure. Inflammatory cells, neovascularization, and cytoplasmic SOD1 levels were evaluated immunohistochemically in enucleated eyes from both groups. Three-dimensional ultrastructural tissue changes in the eyes were analyzed using low-vacuum scanning electron ***: The numbers of both inflammatory and vascular endothelial cells were significantly reduced in the corneas of the H2 group(P<0.01). Furthermore, H2 treatment increased both cytoplasmic SOD1 levels(P<0.01) and activity in corneal epithelial cells(P<0.01). Notably, the SOD1 activity level in the H2 group was approximately 2.5-fold greater than that in the saline ***: H2 treatment suppresses inflammation and neovascularization in the injured cornea and indirectly suppresses oxidative insult to the cornea by upregulating the SOD1 enzyme protein level and activity.

关键词： hydrogen alkali burn Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy rats

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昔日对冲基金天才的最后一“赌”

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商业周刊（中文版） 2017年第15期 76-83页

作者： MATTHEW CAMPBELL maika ELAN 杨飞

赌场的1000多位清洁工、厨师和发牌员聚集在这个度假村最大的舞厅外面，等待召开员工会议。从里面传来一阵轰隆隆的重低音电子节拍。当大门终于开启的时候，人群中发出了一阵欢呼，舞厅里面很黑，只有一些蓝白色聚光灯的光束跳跃着划过... 详细信息

赌场的1000多位清洁工、厨师和发牌员聚集在这个度假村最大的舞厅外面，等待召开员工会议。从里面传来一阵轰隆隆的重低音电子节拍。当大门终于开启的时候，人群中发出了一阵欢呼，舞厅里面很黑，只有一些蓝白色聚光灯的光束跳跃着划过整个天花板。屋子中央站着五个人。

关键词：对冲基金天才员工会议清洁工度假村聚光灯舞厅赌场

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Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns and Prevalence of Surgical Site Infections in Caesarean Section Deliveries at Two Tertiary Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2022年第8期13卷 313-330页

作者： Maisa Kasanga Misheck Chileshe Steward Mudenda Raphael Mukosha maika Kasanga Victor Daka Tobela Mudenda Maureen Chisembele John Musuku Benjamin Bisesa Solochi Jian Wu College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Department of Pathology and Microbiology University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Mary Begg Health Services Ndola Zambia Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Disease Control School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Laboratory Department Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia Department of Pharmacy University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Department of Public Health Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia Department of Pathology Ndola Teaching Hospital Ndola Zambia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Zambia-School of Medicine Lusaka Zambia Women and Newborn Hospital University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia

Introduction: A caesarean section (CS) is one of the most frequently performed obstetric surgeries in the world and its use has increased dramatically in recent years. The number of caesarean section cases worldwide has been increasing each year, and the World Health Organization (WHO) reported an excess of 10% - 15% of CS procedures for all births. However, some women experience surgical site infections (SSIs) after undergoing CS delivery. This study investigated the prescribing patterns of antibiotics in CS deliveries and the prevalence of SSIs at two tertiary hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020 at the Women and Newborn University Teaching Hospital (UTH) and the Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital, in Lusaka, Zambia. Results: Of a total of 838 women who delivered via CS, more than half were aged between 21 and 25 years (n = 461, 55.0%), 56.3% were from low-cost residential areas, and 57% had emergency CS delivery. The prevalence of SSIs was 6.0%, with the level of education (OR 0.377, 95% CI 0.150 - 0.946), type of caesarean section (OR 6.253, 95% CI 2.833 - 13.803), and oral antibiotics post-caesarean (OR 0.218, 95% CI 0.049 - 0.963). The duration of IV antibiotic treatment significantly predicted SSI (p Conclusion: This study found that the third-generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime) and triple combination therapy (benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole) were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics before and after CS. The level of education, type of CS, oral antibiotics post-CS, facility, and duration of administering IV antibiotics were all predictors of SSIs.

关键词： Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns Caesarean Section Post-Operative Antibiotics Prophylactic Antibiotics Surgical Site Infections

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