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Development of otology specific outcome measure:Ear Outcome Survey-16 (EOS-16)

Journal of Otology 2021年第3期16卷 150-157页

作者： Juha T.Laakso Juha Silvola Timo Hirvonen Samuli Suutarla Ilkka Kivekas Riitta Saarinen Lotta Haavisto Jaakko Laitakari Antti A.Aarnisalo Aarno Dietz Jussi Jero maija hytonen Saku T.Sink Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Head and Neck CenterHelsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Department of Ear Noseand Throat-Division of SurgeryAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway Department of Otorhinolaryngology Kymenlaakso Central HospitalKotkaFinland Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Tampere University Hospital and Tampere UniversityTampereFinland Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Turku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oulu University Hospital and PEDEGO Research UnitUniversity of Oulu and Medical Research Center OuluFinland Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Kuopio University Hospital and University of KuopioKuopioFinland

Purpose An important outcome measure of patient care is the impact on the patient’s health-related quality of life(HRQoL).Current ear-specific HRQoL instruments are designed for one diagnosis and emphasize different subdivisions such as symptoms,hearing problems,psychosocial impact,and the need for care.The optimal length of the recall period has not been studied.For these reasons,a new survey is needed that would cover most chronic ear diseases.Methods A preliminary 24-item survey(EOS-24)was created.Untreated adult patients(included n=186)with one of seven different chronic otologic conditions from all university hospitals in Finland were recruited to respond to EOS-24 and the 15D general HRQoL instrument.The recruiting otologists evaluated the severity of the disease and the disability caused by it.A control group was recruited.Based on the patients’responses in different diagnosis groups,the items were reduced according to pre-defined criteria.The resulting survey was validated using a thorough statistical analysis.Results The relevance and necessity of the original 24 items were thoroughly investigated,leading to the exclusion of 8 items and the modification of 1.The remaining 16 items were well-balanced between subdivisions and were useful in all seven diagnosis groups,thus constituting the final instrument,EOS-16.The most suitable recall period was three months.Conclusions EOS-16 has been created according to the HRQoL survey guidelines with a versatile nationwide patient population.The survey has been validated and can be used for a wide range of chronic ear diseases as a HRQoL instrument.

关键词： Otology Chronic ear diseases HRQoL Health-related quality of life PROM

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Increasing loss of mature boreal forests around protected areas with red-listed forest species

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 319-331页

作者： Aino‑maija Määttänen Raimo Virkkala Niko Leikola Risto K.Heikkinen Biodiversity Centre Finnish Environment InstituteLatokartanonkaari 1100790 HelsinkiFinland

Background:Protected areas(PA)are central to biodiversity,but their efficiency is challenged by human‑induced habitat loss and fragmentation.In the Fennoscandian boreal region,forestry with clearcutting is a threat to biodiversity causing the loss of mature forest elements and deterioration of ecological processes in forest landscapes,ultimately affecting PAs via declined structural connectivity.This paper aims to(1)determine PAs with high,red‑listed species concentrations;(2)estimate the change in forest habitat around these PAs on different spatial scales;and(3)determine if forest management intensity is higher around biologically most valuable PAs.Occurrences of red‑listed forest‑dwelling species in Finland were used to identify PAs harbouring these species and to produce site‑specific importance indices.CORINE landcover data was used as a baseline for the distribution of forests to assess the cover of clear‑cuttings from 2001 to 2019 with the Global Forest Change(GFC)data set in three buffer areas around the PAs with occurrences of red‑listed species.Results:The largest proportion of clear‑cuts occurred in 1 km and 10 km buffers around the PAs in the southern and middle boreal zones,being ca.20%.This indicates that the forest habitat is degrading fast at regional and landscape levels.On the positive side,the change in forest cover was lower around the biologically most important PAs compared to other PAs with red‑listed species.Conclusions:Open and free satellite‑data based assessments of the cover and change of forests provide reliable estimates about the rates at which mature and old‑growth forests are being converted into young managed ones in Finland mainly via clear‑cuts on different scales around PAs.The rate of clear‑cuts was lowest in adjacent buffer areas next to the most species‑rich PAs,which provides opportunities for biodiversity conservation efforts to be targeted to the remaining mature and old‑growth forests found in the vicinity of these areas.

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Boreal forest Change detection Global Forest Watch Habitat loss Structural connectivity

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Analysis of human brain tissue derived from DBS surgery

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 625-640页

作者： Salla M.Kangas Jaakko Teppo maija J.Lahtinen Anu Suoranta Bishwa Ghimire Pirkko Mattila Johanna Uusimaa Markku Varjosalo Jani Katisko Reetta Hinttala PEDEGO Research Unit University of OuluOuluFinland Medical Research Center Oulu University HospitalUniversity of OuluOuluFinland Biocenter Oulu University of OuluOuluFinland Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Drug Research Program Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFin-land Neurosurgery Research Unit of Clinical NeuroscienceOulu University HospitalUniversity of OuluOuluFinland Oulu Research Group of Advanced Surgical Technologies and Physics(ORGASTP) Research Unit of Clinical NeuroscienceOulu University HospitalUniversity of OuluOuluFinland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland(FIMM) HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Clinic for Children and Adolescents Division of Pediatric NeurologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland

Background:Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of human brain tissue is hindered by the availability of fresh samples from living patients.Postmortem samples usually represent the advanced disease stage of the patient.Fur-thermore,the postmortem interval can affect the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles.Therefore,fresh brain tissue samples from living patients represent a valuable resource of metabolically intact tissue.Implantation of deep brain stimulation(DBS)electrodes into the human brain is a neurosurgical treatment for,e.g.,movement disorders.Here,we describe an improved approach to collecting brain tissues from surgical instruments used in implantation of DBS device for transcriptomics and proteomics analyses.Methods:Samples were extracted from guide tubes and recording electrodes used in routine DBS implantation procedure to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease,genetic dystonia and tremor.RNA sequencing was performed in tissues extracted from the recording microelectrodes and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)per-formed in tissues from guide tubes.To assess the performance of the current approach,the obtained datasets were compared with previously published datasets representing brain tissues.Results:Altogether,32,034 RNA transcripts representing the unique Ensembl gene identifiers were detected from eight samples representing both hemispheres of four patients.By using LC-MS,we identified 734 unique proteins from 31 samples collected from 14 patients.The datasets are available in the BioStudies database(accession number S-BSST667).Our results indicate that surgical instruments used in DBS installation retain brain material sufficient for protein and gene expression studies.Comparison with previously published datasets obtained with similar approach proved the robustness and reproducibility of the protocol.Conclusions:The instruments used during routine DBS surgery are a useful source for obtaining fresh brain tis-sues from living patients.This approach overcomes the issues that arise

关键词： Deep brain stimulation Movement disorders Brain Proteomics Transcriptomics RNA sequencing LC-MS Personalized medicine

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教师和学生对纳米比亚高中学生药物滥用影响的看法——Oshikoto地区Etosha中学的横断面调查

教师和学生对纳米比亚高中学生药物滥用影响的看法——Oshikoto地...

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作者： maija Tulonga Amunyela 东北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

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Abnormal β-catenin gene expression with invasiveness of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第4期7卷 542-546页

作者： maija H Zile Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Michigan State University.East LansingMI 48824 USA

AIM To study the abnormal expression of β-catenin gene and its relationship with invasiveness of primary hepatocellular carcinoma among Chinese people.METHODS Thirty-four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and adjacent para-cancerous tissues, 4 normal liver tissues were immunohistochemically stained to study subcellular distribution of β-catenin. Semiquantitive analysis of expression of β-catenin gene exon 3 mRNA was examined by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The relationship between expressions of both β-catenin protein, mRNA and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC was also analyzed.RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed that all normal liver tissues and para-cancerous tissues examined displayed membranous type staining for β-catenin protein,occasionally with weak expression in the cytoplasm.While 21 cases (61.8%) of HCC examined showed accumulated type in cytoplasms or nuclei. The accumuled type Labling Index (LI) of cancer tissue and paracancarous tissue was (59.9 ± 26.3) and (18.3 ± 9.7)respectively (P＜0.01). Higher accumulated type LI was closely related with invasiveness of HCC. Results of RTPCR showed the β-catenin gene exon 3 mRNA Expression Index (El) of 34 HCCs was higher than that of paracancerous tissue and normal liver tissue. Using in situ hybridization, the signal corresponding to β-catenin gene exon 3 mRNA was particularly strong in cytoplasm of HCC when compared with those of para-cancerous and normal liver tissues. Over expression of β-catenin exon 3 was also found to be correlated with high metastatic potential of HCC.CONCLUSION Abnormal expression of β-catenin gene may contribute importantly to the invasiveness of HCC among Chinese people.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma wnt pathway β-catenin gene metastasis

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Matrix metalloproteinases in the restorative proctocolectomy pouch of pediatric ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第30期18卷 4028-4036页

作者： Laura Mkitalo maija Piekkala Merja Ashorn Mikko Pakarinen Antti Koivusalo Riitta Karikoski Johanna Natunen Ulpu Saarialho-Kere Risto Rintala Kaija-Leena Kolho Hospital for Children and Adolescents Helsinki University Central HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiFIN-00029 HelsinkiFinland Department of Pediatrics Tampere University HospitalTeiskontie 3533521 TampereFinland Department of Pathology HUSLABHelsinki University Central HospitalHaartmaninkatu 3FI-00029 HelsinkiFinland Department of Clinical Science and Education and Section of Dermatology Karolinska Institutet at Stockholm Sder Hospital11883 StockholmSweden

AIM:To investigate matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors(TIMPs) in pouch mucosa of pediatric onset ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,28 patients with pediatric onset UC underwent ileal pouch biopsy 13 years(median) after proctocolectomy.Expression of MMPs-3,-7,-8,-9,-12 and-26 and TIMPs-1,-2 and-3 in samples was examined using immunohistochemichal methods,and another biopsy was used to evaluate the grade of histological inflammation.Two investigators independently graded the immunohistochemical specimens in a semiquantitative fashion,using a scale marking staining intensity as follows:0 = less than 20 positive cells;1 = 20-50 positive cells;2 = 50-200 positive cells;3 = over 20 positive cells.Fecal calprotectin and blood inflammatory markers [serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate] were determined during a follow-up visit to examine correlations between these markers and the expression of MMPs and TIMPs.RESULTS:Of the 28 patients with pediatric onset UC,nine had not experienced pouchitis,whereas thirteen reported a single episode,and six had recurrent pouchitis(≥ 4 episodes).At the time of the study,six patients required metronidazole.In all of the others,the most recent episode of pouchitis had occurred over one month earlier,and none were on antibiotics.Only four samples depicted no sign of inflammation,and these were all from patients who had not had pouchitis.Two samples were too small to determine the grade of inflammation,but both had suffered pouchitis,the other recurrent.No sample depicted signs of colonic metaplasia.Most pouch samples showed expression of epithelial(e) and stromal(s) MMP-3(e,n = 22;s,n = 20),MMP-7(e,n = 28;s,n = 27),MMP-12(e,n = 20;s,n =24),TIMP-2(e,n = 23;s,n = 23) and MMP-3(e,n = 23;s,n = 28) but MMP-8(e,n = 0;s,n = 1),MMP-9(e,n = 0;s,n = 9) and MMP-26(e,n = 0;s,n = 3) and TIMP-1(n = 0,both) were lacking.In samples with low grade of inflammatory activity,the epithelial MMP-3 and MMP-7 expression was increased(r

关键词：基质金属蛋白酶-3 溃疡性结肠炎小儿直肠恢复性红细胞沉降率 TIMPs MMPs

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Computed tomography perfusion measurements for definition of lesions in early acute stroke

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2013年第1期3卷 9-13页

作者： maija Radzina Gaida Krumina Karlis Kupcs Evija Miglane Neurology Department Paula Stradins Clinical University Hospital Riga Latvia Radiology Department Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia

Background: Perfusion computed tomography (CT) is an evolving technique in the diagnosis of acute stroke. After complex deconvolution algorithms, perfusion color maps-cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT)— are produced, they give visual confirmation of perfusion deficit in ischemic area, but some discrepancies exist regarding this technique in reliability of quantitative detection of tissue viability: penumbra (tissue at risk) that surrounds core (necrosis). Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to define brain tissue viability grade on the basis of the perfusion CT parameters in acute stroke patients. Material and Methods: Multimodal CT imaging protocol (unenhanced CT of the brain, CT angiography of head and neck blood vessels, followed by brain perfusion CT and 24 hours follow-up brain CT) was performed. Perfusion deficit was detected first visually, with subsequent manual quantitative and relative measurements in affected and contra-lateral hemisphere in 87 patients. Results: Visual perfusion deficit on perfusion CT images was found in 78 cases (38 female, 40 male;mean age 30 - 84 years): penumbra lesion (n = 49) and core lesion (n = 42). Both lesion types were detected by increased MTT on perfusion CT map, penumbra area showed mean values 202.40% (113% - 345% ± 57.17) and core (41% - 320% ± 64.53) in comparison to contra-lateral hemisphere. CBV mean values in penumbra group were increased up to 113.10% (45% - 276% ± 36.29) and in core decreased till 41.82% (3% - 107% ± 27.09). CBF values were decreased up to 65.63% (31% - 137% ± 22) in penumbra lesion and markedly decreased till 25.94% (4% - 79% ± 17.35) in core. Conclusion: Our study shows that perfusion CT measurements relative threshold values are recommended in definition of penumbra and core lesions in acute stroke patients.

关键词： Brain Computed Tomography Perfusion Acute Stroke

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常规母婴产前保健:NICE指南总结

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第9期25卷 501-505页

作者： Shalmali Deshpande maija Kallioinen Kate Harding 龚娥(译) 漆洪波(审校) National Guideline Alliance Royal College of Obstetricians and GynaecologistsLondonUK Guy′s and St Thomas′Foundation Trust LondonUK 重庆市妇幼保健院

英格兰和威尔士每年大约有66万女性分娩。产前保健的目的是为女性(及其同伴)提供妊娠、分娩和产后信息,并给予相关支持,以及对女性发生孕期并发症的风险进行评估。即使是健康女性也可能会出现妊娠焦虑和担忧,发生妊娠并发症,而高质量的... 详细信息

英格兰和威尔士每年大约有66万女性分娩。产前保健的目的是为女性(及其同伴)提供妊娠、分娩和产后信息,并给予相关支持,以及对女性发生孕期并发症的风险进行评估。即使是健康女性也可能会出现妊娠焦虑和担忧,发生妊娠并发症,而高质量的产前保健可以帮助女性识别和管理潜在问题,减少母儿不良结局的发生,改善女性(及其同伴)的妊娠、分娩体验。

关键词：孕期并发症产前保健妊娠并发症健康女性分娩体验潜在问题母婴英格兰和威尔士

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纳米比亚贸易平衡对经济增长的影响

纳米比亚贸易平衡对经济增长的影响

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作者： maija TUWILIKA KANTELE SHIGWEDHA（史佳云）首都经济贸易大学

学位级别：硕士

纳米比亚独立后,经济获得了较快的增长,对外贸易额也显著上升。作为开放经济小国,同时也是发展中国家,其对外贸易对经济增长的影响是值得研究的问题。本文为了分析在纳米比亚平衡贸易对经济增长的影响,采用1980年——2015年共36年的年... 详细信息

纳米比亚独立后,经济获得了较快的增长,对外贸易额也显著上升。作为开放经济小国,同时也是发展中国家,其对外贸易对经济增长的影响是值得研究的问题。本文为了分析在纳米比亚平衡贸易对经济增长的影响,采用1980年——2015年共36年的年度数据,运用支出法国民收入中贸易平衡的贡献核算和多元线性回归模型研究贸易平衡对经济增长的影响及原因。研究的目的是揭示贸易如何影响经济增长,特别是加入南部非洲关税同盟(SACU)后的影响,再进一步分析进口和出口与经济增长关系的本质。研究结果表明,从数量上看,纳米比亚的贸易平衡对经济增长产生负向的影响。支出法GDP中的投资、消费和政府支出对经济增长均有积极影响,而净出口表现为长期逆差,贸易逆差使国民产出累计减少了7.78%。多元回归模型分析对经济增长与进口和出口贸易的关系,回归结果表明经济增长与出口额正关系,与进口额负相关,加入SACU对纳米比亚经济增长有负面影响。格兰杰因果关系检验显示GDP是出口和进口的格兰杰原因,而出口和进口却不是GDP的格兰杰原因。为了解释这一结果,进一步对进口和出口贸易的商品结构进行研究发现,纳米比亚出口的商品前五位的是宝石(钻石)、船舶、矿石、鱼类、铜制品,进口商品前五位的是车辆、船舶、锅炉设备、矿物燃料和油、电气机械设备,这表明纳米比亚仍处于经济增长的初期阶段,工业化水平不高,出口商品仍以初级产品为主,进口工业制成品和能源。从这个角度上讲,纳米比亚的贸易逆差也是为工业化提供生产资料的,短期虽然对经济增长不利,但长期是有利的。综上,本文建议想要提高出口能力和在世界市场的竞争力来刺激经济,应该首先提高实体经济部门的竞争力。增加出口产品的附加价值,如采取措施促进加工贸易提升出口产品的价值。纳米比亚还应利用加入SACU带来的优越条件和机会,通过新的贸易协定和伙伴关系为其出口提供新基础,还可以通过引进外资,促进制造工艺的改进,通过投资带动出口贸易,转变对外贸易逆差,促进经济增长。

关键词：纳比比亚经济增长贸易平衡商品结构

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Low trypsinogen-1 expression in pediatric ulcerative colitis patients who undergo surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第21期19卷 3272-3280页

作者： maija Piekkala Jaana Hagstrm Maarit Tanskanen Risto Rintala Caj Haglund Kaija-Leena Kolho Children's Hospital University of HelsinkiFIN-00029 HUSHelsinkiFinland Department of Pathology Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiFIN-00029 HUS HelsinkiFinland Department of Surgery Helsinki University Central HospitalFIN-00029 HUS HelsinkiFinland

AIM: To investigate whether matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) or trypsinogens could serve as histological markers for an aggressive disease course in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: We identified 24 patients with pediatric onset (≤ 16 years) UC who had undergone surgery during childhood/adolescence a median of 2.1 years (range 0.1-7.4 years) after the diagnosis (between 1990 and 2008) in Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. We also identified 27 conservatively treated UC patients and matched them based on their age at the time of diagnosis and follow-up at a median of 6 years (range 3-11 years) to serve as disease controls. Twenty children for whom inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) had been excluded as a result of endoscopy served as non-IBD controls. Colon biopsies taken by diagnostic endoscopy before the onset of therapy were stained using immunohistochemistry to study the expression of MMP-9, trypsinogen-1 (Tryp-1), Tryp-2, and a trypsin inhibitor (TATI). The profiles of these proteases and inhibitor at diagnosis were compared between the surgery group, the conservatively treated UC patients and the non-IBD controls. RESULTS: The proportions of Tryp-1 and Tryp-2 positive samples in the colon epithelium and in the inflammatory cells of the colon stroma were comparable between the studied groups at diagnosis. Interestingly, the immunopositivity of Tryp-1 (median 1; range 0-3) was significantly lower in the epithelium of the colon in the pediatric UC patients undergoing surgery when compared to that of the conservatively treated UC patients (median 2; range 0-3; P = 0.03) and non-IBD controls (median 2; range 0-3; P = 0.04). For Tryp-2, there was no such difference. In the inflammatory cells of the colon stroma, the immunopositivities of Tryp-1 and Tryp-2 were comparable between the studied groups at diagnosis. Also, the proportion of samples positive for TATI, as well as the immunopositivity, was comparable between the studied groups in the colon epithelium. In the stromal inflammatory cells of t

关键词： Children Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Matrix metalloproteinase-9 resection Trypsin inhibitor

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