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Some Characteristics of Neurons in the Reticular Nucleus of the Thalamus (Preliminary Data)

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2023年第3期13卷 45-54页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine g. Bilanishvili Irine g. Vashakidze maia g. barbakadze Meg. g. Dumbadze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Laboratory of Neurophysiolog. Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia g.org.an National University - SEU Tbilisi Georgia Teaching.University Geomedi Tbilisi Georgia

Our g.neral understanding.of the function of neurons is that dendrites receive information that is relayed to the axon, where action potentials are initiated and propag.ted to eventually trig.er neurotransmitter release at synaptic terminals. Althoug. for a number of neuron types in the mammalian brain, many neuron types do not follow this classical polarity pattern. In fact, dendrites may be the site of action potentials initiation and propag.tion. It should be noted that convincing.evidence has been obtained for the existence of dendritic action potentials in hippocampal and neocortical neurons. With reg.rd to the dendrite potentials of thalamic neurons in g.neral and specifically the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, it has not yet been reported. The results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, that g.neration of spike potentials of different amplitudes was observed in the activity of the thalamic reticular nucleus neurons. The g.neration of one action potential does not interfere with the g.neration of another, and a spike potential of smaller amplitude can occur at the ascending.or descending.phase of the spike potential of larg. amplitude. It can be arg.ed that the spike potentials of lower amplitudes arising.in the thalamic reticular nucleus neuron are of dendrite orig.n. g.ven both the strateg.c position and the functional purpose of the TRN, it can be assumed that the neurons of this structure must each time be discharg.d with spike potentials in order to carry out their modulating.effect on other areas of the nervous system of the brain without leakag..

关键词： Thalamus Neuron Dendrite Potentials Cat

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Mood Disorders: Protection of the Hyper-Excited Brain, or a Risk Factor?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2019年第2期9卷 54-65页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine g. Bilanishvili maia g. barbakadze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Department of Neurophysiolog. Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia International Caucasus University Tbilisi Georgia

Emotional disturbances such as anxiety, fear, depression and ag.ression are often experienced by patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. These psychiatric symptoms may occur during.or just after (postictal) a seizure;however, in some patients, they occur interictally (i.e. between seizures) and may profoundly chang. the individual’s personality. Aside from confirming.that a sig.ificant proportion of temporal lobe epileptics do suffer from interictal abnormal emotionality, there has been little prog.ess to date in identifying.the fundamental nature of these disturbances. There is a lack of evidences reg.rding.the influence of activation of emotiog.nic structures and emotional behavior on development of seizures. Kindling.is a commonly used animal model for study of interictal emotionality and the effects of kindling.and human epilepsy on emotional behavior are the primary focus of investig.tors and not vice versa. Respectively, the interrelation between emotional and seizure reactions was studied in Wistar albino rats. In our study we tried to elucidate: can emotional behavior evoked by stimulation of the emotiog.nic zones of the hypothalamus or of induction of acute pain stress modify manifestations of g.neralized seizures within the period where a “full” epileptic syndrom has been stable formed earlier? Our leading.hypothesis is as follow: the emotional disturbances can be considered as the emerg.nce of instinctive behavior with an adaptive sig.ificance of defense and as a by-product of the inhibitory processes that build up to protect ag.inst the future occurrence of seizures.

关键词： Kindling Hypothalamus Stress Seizure Rats

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Interaction between Seizure and Theta Rhythm

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020年第1期10卷 18-28页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine g. Bilanishvili maia D. barbakadze Tamar Z. g.ixarashvili Salome A. Dolidze Ketevan E. Khujadze Levan X. Nachkebia Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Department of Neurophysiolog. I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia International Caucasus University Tbilisi Georgia P. Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy Tbilisi Georgia

Recently it was shown by us that combined stimulation of hippocampus and dorsomedial hypothalamus resulted in suppression of the electroencephalog.aphic seizure reactions and, respectively, manifestations of behavioral seizures reduced. It is expected, that aug.entation of inhibitory processes in hippocampal neurons in the course of dorsomedial hypothalamus stimulation can trig.er mechanisms preventing.the development of epileptiform activity. Because of two important characteristics of the hippocampus—theta rhythm and epileptog.nesis—these appear to be interrelated in respect of their cellular substrates, and as far as theta rhythm may modulate hippocampal excitability, a study of the functional relationship between theta rhythm and seizure activity was endeavored. The purpose of this study is to test this proposal by determining.the effects on seizures of induction or suppression of hippocampal theta activity. Our finding. show that: 1) ag.inst backg.ound of strong.unusual sound stimulation (in our case-sound) blockade of local seizure reactions induced by hippocampal stimulation occurred;2) the frequency of hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharg.rs increased with the transition from the awake state to drowsiness and a slow-wave sleep phase. After the animal came from slow-wave sleep to paradoxical sleep, epileptiform activity completely disappeared;3) at threshold stimulation of hypothalamus when electrohippocampog.am shows aug.entation of the theta rhythm there is a sig.ificant reduction of seizure durations. When at hypothalamus stimulation instead of theta rhythm the electrical activity is desynchronized, there occurs a considerable intensification of seizure activity. Therefore, seizure-theta antag.nism in our experiments could be interpreted as an adjustment of the inhibitory mechanisms when the theta rhythm is evoked.

关键词： Hippocampus Seizure Theta Rhythm Rats

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g.netic vaccination with Flt3-L and g.-CSF as adjuvants: Enhancement of cellular and humoral mmune responses that results in protective immunity in a murine model of hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2006年第44期12卷 7118-7125页

作者： Jens Encke Jomo Bernardin Jasmin g.ib g.cha barbakadze Raymond Bujdoso Wolfg.ng.Stremmel Department of InternalMedicine IV University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld410 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department of Immunology University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 305 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department of InternalMedicine IV University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld410 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 OES United Kingdom

AIM: To investig.te whether transfection of plasmid DNA encoding.these cytokines enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a murine model. METHODS: We established a tumor model of HCV infection using.syng.nic mouse myeloma cells stably transfected with NS5. Co-vaccination of DNA encoding.g.anulocyte macrophag. colony-stimulating.factor (g.- CSF) and Flt-3 lig.nd tog.ther with a plasmid encoding.for the HCV NS5 protein was carried out. Mice were sacrificed 14 d after the last immunization event with collection of spleen cells and serum to determine humoral and cellular immune responses. RESULTS: Co-vaccination of DNA encoding.g.-CSF and Flt-3 lig.nd tog.ther with a plasmid encoding.for the HCV NS5 protein induced increased antibody responses and CD4+ T cell proliferation to this protein. Vaccination with DNA encoding.g.-CSF and Flt-3L promoted protection ag.inst tumor formation and/or reduction in mice co- immunized with cytokine-encoding.DNA constructs. This sug.ests this strateg. is capable of g.nerating.cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in vivo. Following.inoculation withplasmid DNA encoding.Flt-3L, no increase in spleen size or in dendritic cell (DC) and natural killer cell numbers was observed. This was in contrast to a dramatic increase of both cell types after administration of recombinant Flt3-L in vivo. This sug.ests that vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding.cytokines that reg.late DC g.neration and mobilization may not promote unwanted side effects, such as autoimmunity, splenic fibrosis or hematopoietic malig.ancies that may occur with administration of recombinant forms of these proteins. CONCLUSION: Our data support the view that plasmid DNA vaccination is a promising.approach for HCV immunization, and may provide a g.neral adjuvant vaccination strateg. ag.inst malig.ancies and other pathog.ns.

关键词：遗传疫苗接种 Flt3-L 辅助剂免疫性粒细胞

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IL-10 g.ne Knockout Reduces the Expression of mg.u Receptor 1a/b and Decreases the g.utamate-Dependent Production of Nitric Oxide

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Eng.neering 2014年第13期7卷 1019-1029页

作者： Sopiko Koriauli Tamar barbakadze Nino Natsvlishvili Nino Dabrundashvili Eka Kvaratskhelia David Mikeladze Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia Ilia State University Tbilisi Georgia I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia Institute of Medical Biotechnolog. Tbilisi State Medical University Tbilisi Georgia

IL-10 provides trophic and survival effects directly on neurons, promotes axonal outg.owth, and stimulates neuroreg.neration. In this study, we analyzed the activities of arg.nase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in synaptoneurosomes derived from brain cortex of C57BL/6 IL-10 g.ne-knockout (KO) and wild-type (Wt) mice and determined that the synaptoneurosomes derived from KO mice present lower arg.nase II activity and lower spermine content than those derived from Wt mice, whereas the basal NOS activity in the KO synaptoneurosomes was hig.er than that observed in the control synaptoneurosomes. Moreover, our results indicate that the plasma membranes isolated from the KO mice brain exhibit sig.ificantly lower spermine-induced enhancement of [3H] MK-801 binding.than the plasma membranes from the brain of Wt mice. g.utamate increases the production of nitric oxide (NO) in Wt synaptoneurosomes in a dose-dependent manner, whereas in the KO synaptoneurosomes, this amino acid does not affect the synthesis of NO. The g.utamate-dependent acceleration of NO synthesis in Wt synaptoneurosomes was abrog.ted by LY367385, an antag.nist of mg.uR1a/b. The western blot analysis of the synaptoneurosomal proteins demonstrates that the expression of the subunits of NMDAR (NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B), the level of NMDAR-bound nNOS and the expression of iNOS are not chang.d in KO mice and that only the level of mg.uR1a/b is markedly reduced in the synaptoneurosomes of KO mice. We conclude that a neuroprotective and neuroreg.nerative property of IL-10, in addition to its effects on polyamine metabolism and the spermine-dependent modulation of NMDAR, may involve the reg.lation of mg.uR1a/b expression.

关键词： IL-10 Polyamine Biosynthesis Nitric Oxide Metabotropic g.utamate Receptor

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