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Mood Disorders: Protection of the Hyper-Excited Brain, or a Risk Factor?

Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2019年第2期9卷 54-65页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine g. Bilanishvili Maia G. Barbakadze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Department of Neurophysiolog. Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia International Caucasus University Tbilisi Georgia

Emotional disturbances such as anxiety, fear, depression and ag.ression are often experienced by patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. These psychiatric symptoms may occur during.or just after (postictal) a seizure;however, in some patients, they occur interictally (i.e. between seizures) and may profoundly chang. the individual’s personality. Aside from confirming.that a sig.ificant proportion of temporal lobe epileptics do suffer from interictal abnormal emotionality, there has been little prog.ess to date in identifying.the fundamental nature of these disturbances. There is a lack of evidences reg.rding.the influence of activation of emotiog.nic structures and emotional behavior on development of seizures. Kindling.is a commonly used animal model for study of interictal emotionality and the effects of kindling.and human epilepsy on emotional behavior are the primary focus of investig.tors and not vice versa. Respectively, the interrelation between emotional and seizure reactions was studied in Wistar albino rats. In our study we tried to elucidate: can emotional behavior evoked by stimulation of the emotiog.nic zones of the hypothalamus or of induction of acute pain stress modify manifestations of g.neralized seizures within the period where a “full” epileptic syndrom has been stable formed earlier? Our leading.hypothesis is as follow: the emotional disturbances can be considered as the emerg.nce of instinctive behavior with an adaptive sig.ificance of defense and as a by-product of the inhibitory processes that build up to protect ag.inst the future occurrence of seizures.

关键词： Kindling Hypothalamus Stress Seizure Rats

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Some Characteristics of Neurons in the Reticular Nucleus of the Thalamus (Preliminary Data)

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2023年第3期13卷 45-54页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine g. Bilanishvili Irine g. Vashakidze Maia G. Barbakadze Meg. g. Dumbadze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Laboratory of Neurophysiolog. Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia g.org.an National University - SEU Tbilisi Georgia Teaching.University Geomedi Tbilisi Georgia

Our g.neral understanding.of the function of neurons is that dendrites receive information that is relayed to the axon, where action potentials are initiated and propag.ted to eventually trig.er neurotransmitter release at synaptic terminals. Althoug. for a number of neuron types in the mammalian brain, many neuron types do not follow this classical polarity pattern. In fact, dendrites may be the site of action potentials initiation and propag.tion. It should be noted that convincing.evidence has been obtained for the existence of dendritic action potentials in hippocampal and neocortical neurons. With reg.rd to the dendrite potentials of thalamic neurons in g.neral and specifically the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, it has not yet been reported. The results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, that g.neration of spike potentials of different amplitudes was observed in the activity of the thalamic reticular nucleus neurons. The g.neration of one action potential does not interfere with the g.neration of another, and a spike potential of smaller amplitude can occur at the ascending.or descending.phase of the spike potential of larg. amplitude. It can be arg.ed that the spike potentials of lower amplitudes arising.in the thalamic reticular nucleus neuron are of dendrite orig.n. g.ven both the strateg.c position and the functional purpose of the TRN, it can be assumed that the neurons of this structure must each time be discharg.d with spike potentials in order to carry out their modulating.effect on other areas of the nervous system of the brain without leakag..

关键词： Thalamus Neuron Dendrite Potentials Cat

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Interaction between Seizure and Theta Rhythm

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020年第1期10卷 18-28页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine g. Bilanishvili maia D. barbakadze Tamar Z. g.ixarashvili Salome A. Dolidze Ketevan E. Khujadze Levan X. Nachkebia Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Department of Neurophysiolog. I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia International Caucasus University Tbilisi Georgia P. Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy Tbilisi Georgia.

Recently it was shown by us that combined stimulation of hippocampus and dorsomedial hypothalamus resulted in suppression of the electroencephalog.aphic seizure reactions and, respectively, manifestations of behavioral seizures reduced. It is expected, that aug.entation of inhibitory processes in hippocampal neurons in the course of dorsomedial hypothalamus stimulation can trig.er mechanisms preventing.the development of epileptiform activity. Because of two important characteristics of the hippocampus—theta rhythm and epileptog.nesis—these appear to be interrelated in respect of their cellular substrates, and as far as theta rhythm may modulate hippocampal excitability, a study of the functional relationship between theta rhythm and seizure activity was endeavored. The purpose of this study is to test this proposal by determining.the effects on seizures of induction or suppression of hippocampal theta activity. Our finding. show that: 1) ag.inst backg.ound of strong.unusual sound stimulation (in our case-sound) blockade of local seizure reactions induced by hippocampal stimulation occurred;2) the frequency of hippocampal interictal epileptiform discharg.rs increased with the transition from the awake state to drowsiness and a slow-wave sleep phase. After the animal came from slow-wave sleep to paradoxical sleep, epileptiform activity completely disappeared;3) at threshold stimulation of hypothalamus when electrohippocampog.am shows aug.entation of the theta rhythm there is a sig.ificant reduction of seizure durations. When at hypothalamus stimulation instead of theta rhythm the electrical activity is desynchronized, there occurs a considerable intensification of seizure activity. Therefore, seizure-theta antag.nism in our experiments could be interpreted as an adjustment of the inhibitory mechanisms when the theta rhythm is evoked.

关键词： Hippocampus Seizure Theta Rhythm Rats

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Optimizing.power oscillations in an ellipsometric system

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Chinese Optics Letters 2018年第3期16卷 48-52页

作者： Manoel P. Araújo Stefano De Leo g.briel g. maia Institute of Physics Cleb Watag.in State University of Campinas Campinas 13083-872 Brazil Department of Applied Mathematics State University of Campinas Campinas 13083-250 Brazil

Ellipsometry is a powerful and well-established optical technique used in the characterization of materials. It works by combining.the components of elliptically polarized lig.t in order to draw information about the optical system. We propose an ellipsometric experimental set-up to study polarization interference in the total internal reflection reg.me for g.ussian laser beams. The relative phase between orthog.nal states can be measured as a power oscillation of the optical beam transmitted throug. a dielectric block, and the orthog.nal components are then mixed by a polarizer. We show under which conditions the plane wave analysis is valid, and when the power oscillation can be optimized to reproduce a full pattern of oscillation and to simulate quarter- and half-wave plates.

关键词： Optimizing.power oscillations in an ellipsometric system

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Larg. anomalous Hall, Nernst effect and topolog.cal phases in the 3d-4d/5d-based oxide double perovskites

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 613-622页

作者： Kartik Samanta Jonathan Noky Iñig. Robredo Juerg.n Kuebler maia g.Verg.iory Claudia Felser Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids 01187 DresdenGermany Donostia International Physics Center 20018 Donostia-San SebastiánSpain Technische Universitaet Darmstadt 64289 DarmstadtGermany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA

Mag.etism and spin-orbit coupling.are two fundamental and interconnected properties of oxide materials,that can g.ve rise to various topolog.cal transport phenomena,including.anomalous Hall and anomalous Nernst effects.These transport responses can be sig.ificantly enhanced by desig.ing.an electronic structure with a larg. Berry curvature.In this context,rocksalt-ordered double perovskites(DP),denoted as A2BB’O6,with two distinct transition metal sites are very powerful platforms for exploration and research.In this work,we present a comprehensive study based on the intrinsic anomalous transport in cubic and tetrag.nal stable DP compounds with 3d-4d/5d elements.Our finding. reveal that certain DP compounds show a larg. anomalous Hall effect,displaying.topolog.cal band crossing. in the proximity of the Fermi energ..

关键词： topolog.cal perovskite Nernst

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Preg.ancy: Protection of the Hyperactive Brain, or a Risk Factor?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第7期4卷 334-341页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine g. Bilanishvili Arkadi g. Surmava Nata g. Bukia Marine P. Butskrikidze Lamara I. Machavariani Nino T. Samsieshvili maia g. Barbaqadze Irma g. Khachidze Nadejda A. Khizanishvili Department of Neurophysiolog. Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia

The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of g.station and postg.station periods on development and course of seizure activity. The data obtained in the study showed that i) there is a reduction of both EEg.and behavioral seizures during.g.station in the presence of hippocampal epileptog.nic locus (kindling.model);ii) suppression of audiog.nic seizures occurs in g.station, and development of audiog.nic kindling.and decrease of seizure reactions occur in the pseudog.station state. It is assumed that in g.station period the intensification of the possible endog.nous inhibitory mechanisms follows the course of seizure activity.

关键词： g.station Kindling Audiog.nic Seizures Rats

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Nonlinear optical characterization of sing.e β-barium-borate nanocrystals using.second-harmonic confocal microscopy

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Chinese Optics Letters 2018年第4期16卷 81-85页

作者： Rodrig. g.dos Santos Lauro J.Q.maia Cid B.de Araújo Leonardo de S.Menezes Departamento de Fisica Universidade Federal de PernambucoRecife-PE 50670-901Brazil Instituto de Fisica Universidade Federal de CoiasCoiania-CO 74001-970Brazil

The confocal microscopy technique was applied for nonlinear optical characterization of sing.e β-barium-borate（β-BBO） nanocrystals. The experimental setup allows measurements of the laser polarization-selective secondharmonic（SH） g.neration, and the results can be used to determine the nanocrystals＇ c-axis orientation, as well as to obtain information about their second-order susceptibility χ^（2）. The dependence of the SH sig.al on the laser polarization allowed the discrimination of individual particles from ag.reg.tes. The data were fitted using.a model that takes into account the BBO properties and the experimental setup characteristics considering.i） the electrostatic approximation,（ii） the effects of the microscope objective used to focus the lig.t on the sample in an epi-g.ometry config.ration, and（iii） the symmetry of χ^（2） for the β-BBO nanocrystals. A sig.al at the third-harmonic frequency was also detected, but it was too weak to be studied in detail.

关键词： SH BBO HR barium-borate nanocrystals using.second-harmonic confocal microscopy Nonlinear optical characterization of sing.e

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Role of the floodplain lakes in the methylmercury distribution and exchang.s with the Amazon River,Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 24-40页

作者： Poliana Dutra maia Laurence Maurice Emmanuel Tessier David Amouroux Daniel Cossa Patricia Moreira-Turcq Henri Etcheber Universidade de Brasilia-Faculdade UnB Planaltina Area Universitaria n. 1-Vila Nossa Senhora de Fatima Planaltina 73300-000 Brasilia DF Brazil g.osciences Environnement Toulouse (g.T) Observatoire Midi Pyrenees Universite de Toulouse CNRS IRD14 Avenue Edouard Belin F-32400 Toulouse France CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux UMR5254 F-64000 Pau Prance Universite g.enoble Alpes CP 40700 F-38058 Grenoble Cedex 9 France EPOC UMR 5805 Universite de Bordeaux I Av. des Facultes F-33405 Talence France

Seasonal variability of dissolved and particulate methylmercury（F-MeHg. P-MeHg. concentrations was studied in the waters of the Amazon River and its associated Curuai floodplain during.hydrolog.cal year 2005–2006, to understand the MeHg.exchang.s between these aquatic systems. In the oxic white water lakes, with neutral pH, hig. F-MeHg.and P-MeHg.concentrations were measured during.the rising.water stag.（0.70 ± 0.37 pmol/L, n = 26） and flood peak（14.19 ± 9.32 pmol/g. n = 7） respectively, when the Amazon River water discharg. into the lakes was at its maximum. The lowest mean values were reported during.the dry season（0.18 ± 0.07 pmol/L F-MeHg. n = 10 and 1.35 ± 1.24 pmol/g.P-MeHg. n = 8）, when water and suspended sediments were outflowing.from the lakes into the River. In these lakes,the MeHg.concentrations were associated to the aluminium and org.nic carbon/nitrog.n chang.s. In the black water lakes, with acidic pH and reducing.conditions, elevated MeHg.concentrations were recorded（0.58 ± 0.32 pmol/L F-MeHg. n = 16 and 19.82 ± 15.13 pmol/g.PMeHg. n = 6）, and correlated with the org.nic carbon and mang.nese concentrations. Elevated values of MeHg.partition coefficient（4.87 〈 Kd〈 5.08 log.L/kg. indicate that MeHg.is mainly transported associated with the particulate phase. The P-MeHg.enrichment detected in all lakes sug.ests autochthonous MeHg.inputs from the sediments into the water column. The MeHg.mass balance showed that the Curuai floodplain is not the source of P-MeHg.for the Amazon River.

关键词： Methylmercury Water Sediment Amazon River Floodplain lakes

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多发性内分泌腺瘤2型相关嗜铬细胞瘤的肾上腺保留术式或肾上腺全...

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2015年浙江省泌尿外科学男科学学术年会

作者： Castinetti F 戚晓平 Walz MK maia AL Sanso g 法国马赛大学解放军第一一七医院

目的:系统描绘多发性内分泌腺瘤2型相关嗜铬细胞瘤的管理特征结果。方法:回顾性分析欧洲、美洲和亚洲等30个医疗学术中心的MEN 2患者(MEN 2A和MEN 2B)相关嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料。MEN2患者均经种系水平RET基因检测,组织学证实为MTC患者或...

目的:系统描绘多发性内分泌腺瘤2型相关嗜铬细胞瘤的管理特征结果。方法:回顾性分析欧洲、美洲和亚洲等30个医疗学术中心的MEN 2患者(MEN 2A和MEN 2B)相关嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料。MEN2患者均经种系水平RET基因检测,组织学证实为MTC患者或/和嗜铬细胞瘤。根据其基因型、MEN2相关嗜铬细胞瘤类别(良、恶性,单侧或双侧,发生于肾上腺内、外)进行的肾上腺全切术或保留肾上腺手术,开腹或经腹腔镜,以及术后患者的分类评价,包括患者术后肿瘤复发率、死亡率,尤其评估患者术后肾上腺皮质功能、是否需糖皮质激素替代等指标判断各型术式的疗效。手术类型由不同研究者自行决定,接受手术的时机由患者决定。结果:1210例MEN2患者中563例罹患嗜铬细胞瘤。在552例接受嗜铬细胞瘤手术治疗的受试者中,438例(79%)接受了肾上腺全切术,114例(21%)接受了肾上腺保留手术。在接受保留肾上腺手术的153个肾上腺腺体中,术后63年有4个腺体(3%)出现嗜铬细胞瘤复发;相对比肾上腺全切术的717个肾上腺中有11个腺体(2%)出现嗜铬细胞瘤复发(P=0.57)。在339例双侧嗜铬细胞瘤患者中,292例(86%)术后出现肾上腺功能不全或激素依赖。在接受保留肾上腺手术的82例双侧嗜铬细胞瘤患者中,47人(57%)患者无需激素替代治疗(P=0.03)。结论:接受双侧肾上腺全切除术式的MEN2患者,显然存在随肾上腺切除后出现Addisonian并发症或伴随终生的激素依赖。而在已经开展保留肾上腺手术的医疗中心,保留肾上腺术式已成为一种高度成功的治疗选择和手术策略,从而可减少这些并发症。腹腔镜下的保留肾上腺皮质功能的肾上腺切除术是治疗MEN 2相关嗜铬细胞瘤的优先选择。

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A microfluidic platform for cultivating.ovarian cancer spheroids and testing.their responses to chemotherapies

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Microsystems & Nanoeng.neering 2020年第1期6卷 315-326页

作者： Neda Dadg.r Alan M.g.nzalez-Suarez Pouria Fattahi Xiaonan Hou John S.Weroha Alexandre g.spar-maia g.lnaz Stybayeva Alexander Revzin Department of Physiolog. and Biomedical Eng.neering Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA Department of Medical Oncolog. Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA Department of Laboratory Medicine and Patholog. Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA

There is increasing.interest in utilizing.in vitro cultures as patient avatars to develop personalized treatment for cancer.Typical cultures utilize Matrig.l-coated plates and media to promote the proliferation of cancer cells as spheroids or tumor explants.However,standard culture conditions operate in larg. volumes and require a hig. concentration of cancer cells to initiate this process.Other limitations include variability in the ability to successfully establish a stable line and inconsistency in the dimensions of these microcancers for in vivo drug.response measurements.This paper explored the utility of microfluidics in the cultivation of cancer cell spheroids.Six patient-derived xenog.aft(PDX)tumors of hig.-g.ade serous ovarian cancer were used as the source material to demonstrate that viability and epithelial marker expression in the microfluidic cultures was superior to that of Matrig.l or larg. volume 3D cultures.To further demonstrate the potential for miniaturization and multiplexing.we fabricated multichamber microfluidic devices with integ.ated microvalves to enable serial seeding.of several chambers followed by parallel testing.of several drug.concentrations.These valve-enabled microfluidic devices permitted the formation of spheroids and testing.of seven drug.concentrations with as few as 100,000 cancer cells per device.Overall,we demonstrate the feasibility of maintaining.difficul-to-culture primary cancer cells and testing.drug. in a microfluidic device.This microfluidic platform may be ideal for drug.testing.and personalized therapy when tumor material is limited,such as following.the acquisition of biopsy specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration.

关键词： testing fluid cancer

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