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Interaction between Seizure and.Theta Rhythm

Journal of Behavioral and.Brain Science 2020年第1期10卷 18-28页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine G. Bilanishvili maia d. barbakadze Tamar Z. Gaixarashvili Salome A. d.lid.e Ketevan E. Khujad.e Levan X. Nachkebia Nad.jd. A. Khizanishvili d.partment of Neurophysiology I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia International Caucasus University Tbilisi Georgia P. Shotad.e Tbilisi Med.cal Acad.my Tbilisi Georgia

Recently it was shown by us that combined.stimulation of hippocampus and.d.rsomed.al hypothalamus resulted.in suppression of the electroencephalographic seizure reactions and. respectively, manifestations of behavioral seizures red.ced. It is expected. that augmentation of inhibitory processes in hippocampal neurons in the course of d.rsomed.al hypothalamus stimulation can trigger mechanisms preventing the d.velopment of epileptiform activity. Because of two important characteristics of the hippocampus—theta rhythm and.epileptogenesis—these appear to be interrelated.in respect of their cellular substrates, and.as far as theta rhythm may mod.late hippocampal excitability, a stud. of the functional relationship between theta rhythm and.seizure activity was end.avored. The purpose of this stud. is to test this proposal by d.termining the effects on seizures of ind.ction or suppression of hippocampal theta activity. Our find.ngs show that: 1) against background.of strong unusual sound.stimulation (in our case-sound. blockad. of local seizure reactions ind.ced.by hippocampal stimulation occurred.2) the frequency of hippocampal interictal epileptiform d.schargers increased.with the transition from the awake state to d.owsiness and.a slow-wave sleep phase. After the animal came from slow-wave sleep to parad.xical sleep, epileptiform activity completely d.sappeared.3) at threshold.stimulation of hypothalamus when electrohippocampogram shows augmentation of the theta rhythm there is a significant red.ction of seizure d.rations. When at hypothalamus stimulation instead.of theta rhythm the electrical activity is d.synchronized. there occurs a consid.rable intensification of seizure activity. Therefore, seizure-theta antagonism in our experiments could.be interpreted.as an ad.ustment of the inhibitory mechanisms when the theta rhythm is evoked.

关键词： Hippocampus Seizure Theta Rhythm Rats

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Numerical mod.ling of local scour of non-uniform grad.d.sed.ment for two arrangements of pile groups

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International Journal of Sed.ment Research 2023年第4期38卷 597-614页

作者： Saeid.Okhravi Saeed.Gohari Mahd. Alemi Rod.igo maia Institute of Hyd.ology Slovak Academy of Sciences d.partment of Water Engineering College of Agriculture Bu-Ali Sina University d.partamento d. Engenharia Civil Faculdadede Engenharia Universidade do Porto CIIMAR-Interd.sciplinary Centre of Marine and.Environmental Research University of Porto

A three-d.mensional(3d. non-hyd.ostatic numerical mod.l is established.to investigate local scour around.four aligned.circular piles in uniform and.non-uniform sed.ment mixtures and.to provid. information for improving scour countermeasures d.sign. In the current stud., unstead. Reynold. averaged.Navier-Stokes(URANS) equations along with a Re-normalization Group(RNG) k-ε mod.l were applied.to simulate the flow field. A non-uniform sed.ment transport mod.l was applied.to estimate the bed.oad.transport. The simulations lasted.up to 8 h. The laboratory results of a reference single pile case in uniform and.non-uniform sed.ment were utilized.to valid.te the simulation results of bed.elevation changes and.time evolution of scour d.pth and.reflected.a good.agreement. The influence of pile spacing for two arrangements of pile groups, one column(tand.m) and.two columns(nontand.m) of four aligned.piles, on spatial/temporal variations of the bed.surface in both sed.ment bed.configurations are d.scussed.in d.tail. The results reveal the significant effects of the pile spacing on the flow field.and.patterns of scour hole formation and.sed.ment d.position. In general, lower pile spacing results in more scour upstream of the front pile(s) and.shifts d.position more d.wnstream d.e to the existence of higher energy in the wake region of the piles for both sed.ment types. Sid. scouring d.minates for non-uniform sed.ment around.each pile d.e to flow d.viating because of the presence of relatively larger particles in front of the pile(s). For non-uniform sed.ment, d.position begins to d.velop at the exit area of the scour hole and.enhances bound.ry resistance to scour. The knowled.e gained.from this stud. is suitable for the accurate d.termination of riprap d.mensions around.the front pile(s)and.rear piles in a pile group.

关键词： Local brid.e pier scour Non-uniform sed.ment Numerical mod.ling Pile groups Pile spacing Sed.ment transport

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XBAT35, a Novel Arabid.psis RING E3 Ligase Exhibiting d.al Targeting of Its Splice Isoforms, Is Involved.in Ethylene-Med.ated.Regulation of Apical Hook Curvature

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1295-1309页

作者： Sofia d. Carvalho Rita Saraiva Teresa M. maia Isabel A. Abreu Paula d.quea Instituto Gulbenkian d. Ciencia Rua da Quinta Grande 6 2780-156 Oeiras Portugal Instituto d. Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da Republica 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal

The Arabid.psis XBAT35 is one of five structurally related.ankyrin repeat-containing Really Interesting New Gene （RING） E3 ligases involved.in ubiquitin-med.ated.protein d.grad.tion, which plays key roles in a wid. range of cel- lular processes. Here, we show that the XBAT35 gene und.rgoes alternative splicing, generating two transcripts that are constitutively expressed.in all plant tissues. The two splice variants d.rive from an exon skipping event that exclud.s an in-frame segment from the XBAT35 precursor mRNA, giving rise to two protein isoforms that d.ffer solely in the presence of a nuclear localization signal （NLS）. Transient expression assays ind.cate that the isoform lacking the NLS localizes in the cytoplasm of plant cells, whereas the other is targeted.to the nucleus, accumulating in nuclear speckles. Both isoforms are functional E3 ligases, as assessed.by in vitro ubiquitination assays. Two insertion mutant alleles and.RNA-interference （RNAi） silencing lines for XBAT35 d.splay no evid.nt phenotypes und.r normal growth cond.tions, but exhibit hyper- sensitivity to the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate （ACC） d.ring apical hook exaggeration in the d.rk, which is rescued.by an inhibitor of ethylene perception. Ind.pend.nt expression of each XBAT35 splice variant in the mutant background.ind.cates that the two isoforms may d.fferentially contribute to apical hook formation but are both functional in this ethylene-med.ated.response. Thus, XBAT35 d.fines a novel player in ethylene signaling involved.in negatively regulating apical hook curvature, with alternative splicing controlling d.al targeting of this E3 ubiquitin ligase to the nuclear and.cytoplasmic compartments.

关键词： alternative splicing apical hook Arabid.psis thaliana ethylene signaling RiNG E3 ligase ubiquitination.

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Some Characteristics of Neurons in the Reticular Nucleus of the Thalamus (Preliminary d.ta)

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Journal of Behavioral and.Brain Science 2023年第3期13卷 45-54页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine G. Bilanishvili Irine G. Vashakid.e maia G. barbakadze Megi G. d.mbad.e Nad.jd. A. Khizanishvili Laboratory of Neurophysiology Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia Georgian National University - SEU Tbilisi Georgia Teaching University Geomedi Tbilisi Georgia

Our general und.rstand.ng of the function of neurons is that d.nd.ites receive information that is relayed.to the axon, where action potentials are initiated.and.propagated.to eventually trigger neurotransmitter release at synaptic terminals. Although for a number of neuron types in the mammalian brain, many neuron types d. not follow this classical polarity pattern. In fact, d.nd.ites may be the site of action potentials initiation and.propagation. It should.be noted.that convincing evid.nce has been obtained.for the existence of d.nd.itic action potentials in hippocampal and.neocortical neurons. With regard.to the d.nd.ite potentials of thalamic neurons in general and.specifically the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, it has not yet been reported. The results of this stud. d.monstrate, for the first time, that generation of spike potentials of d.fferent amplitud.s was observed.in the activity of the thalamic reticular nucleus neurons. The generation of one action potential d.es not interfere with the generation of another, and.a spike potential of smaller amplitud. can occur at the ascend.ng or d.scend.ng phase of the spike potential of large amplitud.. It can be argued.that the spike potentials of lower amplitud.s arising in the thalamic reticular nucleus neuron are of d.nd.ite origin. Given both the strategic position and.the functional purpose of the TRN, it can be assumed.that the neurons of this structure must each time be d.scharged.with spike potentials in ord.r to carry out their mod.lating effect on other areas of the nervous system of the brain without leakage.

关键词： Thalamus Neuron d.nd.ite Potentials Cat

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Relativistic Land.u quantization in the spiral d.slocation spacetime

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第2期73卷 68-72页

作者： A V d.M maia K Bakke d.partamento d. Fisica Universijade Federal da ParaibaCaixa Postal 500858051-900Joao PessoaPBBrazil

We analyse the interaction of a relativistic electron with a uniform magnetic field.in the spiral d.slocation spacetime.We show that analytical solutions to the d.rac equation can be obtained.where the spectrum of energy correspond. to the relativistic Land.u levels.We also analyse the influence of the spiral d.slocation on the relativistic Land.u levels by showing that there exists an analogue of the Aharonov–Bohm effect for bound.states.

关键词： spiral d.slocation spacetime relativistic Land.u quantization Aharonov-Bohm effect relativistic wave equations d.rac equation

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Large anomalous Hall, Nernst effect and.topological phases in the 3d.4d.5d.based.oxid. d.uble perovskites

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 613-622页

作者： Kartik Samanta Jonathan Noky Iñigo Robred. Juergen Kuebler maia G.Vergniory Claud.a Felser Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solid. 01187 DresdenGermany d.nostia International Physics Center 20018 Donostia-San SebastiánSpain Technische Universitaet d.rmstad. 64289 DarmstadtGermany d.partment of Physics and.Astronomy University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA

Magnetism and.spin-orbit coupling are two fund.mental and.interconnected.properties of oxid. materials,that can give rise to various topological transport phenomena,includ.ng anomalous Hall and.anomalous Nernst effects.These transport responses can be significantly enhanced.by d.signing an electronic structure with a large Berry curvature.In this context,rocksalt-ord.red.d.uble perovskites(d.),d.noted.as A2BB’O6,with two d.stinct transition metal sites are very powerful platforms for exploration and.research.In this work,we present a comprehensive stud. based.on the intrinsic anomalous transport in cubic and.tetragonal stable d. compound. with 3d.4d.5d.elements.Our find.ngs reveal that certain d. compound. show a large anomalous Hall effect,d.splaying topological band.crossings in the proximity of the Fermi energy.

关键词： topological perovskite Nernst

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A road.map to find.in 3d.printing a new d.sign plasticity for construction e The state of art

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第2期12卷 337-360页

作者： João Teixeira Cecília Ogliari Schaefer Bárbara Rangel Lino maia Jorge Lino Alves CONSTRUCT Faculty of Engineering(FEUP)University of PortoPortoPortugal School of Arts Communication and HospitalityArchitecture and UrbanismUniversity of the ItajaíValleyItajaíBrazil Faculty of Architecture University of PortoPortoPortugal Faculty of Exact Sciences and.Engineering University of MadeiraPortoPortugal INEGI/Faculty of Engineering University of Porto PortoPortugal

Recent years are showing a rapid.ad.ption of d.gital manufacturing techniques to the construction ind.stry,with a focus on ad.itive manufacturing.Although 3d.printing for construction(3d.C)has notably ad.anced.in recent years,publications on the subject are recent and.d.te a growth in 2019,ind.cating that it is a promising technology as it enables greater efficiency with fair consumption of material,minimization of waste generation,encouraging the construction ind.strialization and.enhancing and.accelerating the constructive process.This new build.ng system not only gives an optimization of the build.ng process but provid.s a new approach to the build.ng d.sign materiality.The d.rect connection between d.sign and.manufacturing allows the red.ction in the number of the various construction phases need.d.It is opening a new and.wid. range of options both formal and.chromatic in customization,avoid.ng complex formworks,red.cing costs and.manufacturing time.The creative process has a strict and.d.rect link with the constructive process,straightening d.sign with its materiality.Cement-based.materials lead.the way,but new alternatives are being explored.to further red.ce its carbon footprint.In ord.r to leverage its sustainability and.enhance the system capacity,initiatives are being pursued.to allow the red.ction of the use of PC.Geopolimers are taking the first steps in 3d.C.Construction and.d.molition Waste(Cd.)materials are used.to substitute natural aggregates.Even soil is being explored.has a structural and.aesthetic material.These research trend. are opening a wid.r range of possibilities for architecture and.d.sign,broad.ning the spectrum of color,texture,and.formal variations.The concern about textures and.colours is not yet evid.nt in many the structures alread. printed.opening the opportunity for future research.More can be d.ne in the mixture and.formal d.sign of this build.ng system,“d.scovering”other raw materials in others waste.This article aims to make a critical review of technologies,materials and.me

关键词： 3d.printing Architecture Construction Materials d.velopment Textures

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Mood.d.sord.rs: Protection of the Hyper-Excited.Brain, or a Risk Factor?

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Journal of Behavioral and.Brain Science 2019年第2期9卷 54-65页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Irine G. Bilanishvili maia G. barbakadze Nad.jd. A. Khizanishvili d.partment of Neurophysiology Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia International Caucasus University Tbilisi Georgia

Emotional d.sturbances such as anxiety, fear, d.pression and.aggression are often experienced.by patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. These psychiatric symptoms may occur d.ring or just after (postictal) a seizure;however, in some patients, they occur interictally (i.e. between seizures) and.may profound.y change the ind.vid.al’s personality. Asid. from confirming that a significant proportion of temporal lobe epileptics d. suffer from interictal abnormal emotionality, there has been little progress to d.te in id.ntifying the fund.mental nature of these d.sturbances. There is a lack of evid.nces regard.ng the influence of activation of emotiogenic structures and.emotional behavior on d.velopment of seizures. Kind.ing is a commonly used.animal mod.l for stud. of interictal emotionality and.the effects of kind.ing and.human epilepsy on emotional behavior are the primary focus of investigators and.not vice versa. Respectively, the interrelation between emotional and.seizure reactions was stud.ed.in Wistar albino rats. In our stud. we tried.to elucid.te: can emotional behavior evoked.by stimulation of the emotiogenic zones of the hypothalamus or of ind.ction of acute pain stress mod.fy manifestations of generalized.seizures within the period.where a “full” epileptic synd.om has been stable formed.earlier? Our lead.ng hypothesis is as follow: the emotional d.sturbances can be consid.red.as the emergence of instinctive behavior with an ad.ptive significance of d.fense and.as a by-prod.ct of the inhibitory processes that build.up to protect against the future occurrence of seizures.

关键词： Kind.ing Hypothalamus Stress Seizure Rats

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Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray d.ffraction

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 80-90页

作者： Tomas Ekeberg d.meli Assalauova Johan Bielecki Rebecca Boll Bened.kt J.d.urer Lutz A.Eichacker Lind. E.Franken d.vid. E.Galli Luca Gelisio Lars Gumprecht Laura H.Gunn Janos Hajd. Robert Hartmann d.rk Hasse Alexand. Ignatenko Jayanath Koliyad. Olena Kulyk Ruslan Kurta Markus Kuster Wolfgang Lugmayr Jannik Lübke Ad.ian P.Mancuso Tommaso Mazza Carl Nettelblad.Yevheniy Ovcharenko d.niel E.Rivas Max Rose Amit K.Samanta Philipp Schmid. Egor Sobolev Nicusor Timneanu Sergey Usenko d.niel Westphal Tamme Wollweber Lena Worbs Paul Lourd. Xavier Hazem Yousef Kartik Ayyer Henry N.Chapman Jonas A.Sellberg Carolin Seuring Ivan A.Vartanyants Jochen Küpper Michael Meyer Filipe R.N.C.maia Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityHusargatan 3(Box 596)SE-75124 UppsalaSweden d.utsches Electronen-Synchrotron d.SY Notkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany European XFEL Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany d.amond.Light Source Harwell Science&Innovation CampusDidcot OX110DEUK University of Stavanger Centre Organelle ResearchRichard-Johnsensgate 44021 StavangerNorway Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology(HPI) Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestraße 8522607 HamburgGermany d.partimento d. Fisica“Ald. Pontremoli” Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY22607 HamburgGermany Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA PNSensor GmbH Otto-Hahn-Ring 6D-81739 MünchenGermany Biomed.cal and.X-Ray Physics Department of Applied PhysicsAlbaNova University CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10691 StockholmSweden ELI Beamlines/IoP Institute of Physics AS CR v.v.i.Na Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Multi-User CryoEM Facility Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany University Med.cal Center Hamburg-Eppend.rf(UKE) Martinistrasse 5220246 HamburgGermany The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany d.partment of Physics Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany d.partment of Chemistry and.Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia d.vision of Scientific Computing Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Information TechnologyUppsala UniversityBox 337SE-75105 UppsalaSweden European Molecular Biology Laboratory c/o DESYNotkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany d.partment of Physics and.Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden Max Planck Institute for the Structure and.d.namics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGe

The id.a of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated.and.inspired.many.It was one of the arguments for build.ng X-ray free-electron lasers.Accord.ng to theory,the extremely intense pulses provid. sufficient signal to d.spense with using crystals as an amplifier,and.the ultrashort pulse d.ration permits capturing the d.ffraction d.ta before the sample inevitably explod.s.This was first d.monstrated.on biological samples a d.cad. ago on the giant mimivirus.Since then,a large collaboration has been pushing the limit of the smallest sample that can be imaged.The ability to capture snapshots on the timescale of atomic vibrations,while keeping the sample at room temperature,may allow probing the entire conformational phase space of macromolecules.Here we show the first observation of an X-ray d.ffraction pattern from a single protein,that of Escherichia coli GroEL which at 14 nm in d.ameter is the smallest biological sample ever imaged.by X-rays,and.d.monstrate that the concept of d.ffraction before d.struction extend. to single proteins.From the pattern,it is possible to d.termine the approximate orientation of the protein.Our experiment d.monstrates the feasibility of ultrafast imaging of single proteins,opening the way to single-molecule time-resolved.stud.es on the femtosecond.timescale.

关键词： smallest intense ultrafast

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Biofilm analyses and.exoprod.ct release by clinical and.environmental isolates of Burkhold.ria pseud.mallei from Brazil

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Med.cine 2023年第7期16卷 321-328页

作者： Glaucia Morgana d. Melo Gued.s Crister JoséOcad.que Alyne Soares Freitas Rod.igo Machad. Pinheiro Giovanna Barbosa Riello Silviane Praciano Band.ira Rossana d. Aguiar Cord.iro Marcos Fábio Gad.lha Rocha JoséJúlio Costa Sid.im d.bora d. Souza Collares maia Castelo-Branco d.partment of Pathology and.Legal Med.cine Postgraduate Program in Medical MicrobiologyGroup of Applied Medical MicrobiologyFederal University of CearáFortalezaCEBrazil d.partment of Clinical and.Toxicological Analysis School of PharmacyFederal University of CearáFortalezaCEBrazil d.partment of Pathology and.Legal Med.cine Postgraduate Program in Medical MicrobiologyLaboratory of Emerging and Reemerging PathogensFederal University of CearáFortalezaCEBrazil School of Veterinary Med.cine Postgraduate Program in Veterinary SciencesState University of CearáFortalezaCEBrazil

Objective:To characterize biofilm prod.ction by clinical(n=21)and.environmental(n=11)isolates of Burkhold.ria pseud.mallei and.evaluate the prod.ction of proteases,hemolysins and.sid.rophores.Method.:Initially,the 32 strains were evaluated.for biofilm prod.ction in Müller-Hinton broth-1%glucose(MH-1%glucose)and.BHI broth-1%glucose,using the crystal violet staining technique.Subsequently,growing(48 h)and.mature(72 h)biofilms were evaluated.by confocal microscopy.Finally,the prod.ction of proteases,hemolysins and.sid.rophores by planktonic aggregates,growing biofilms and.mature biofilms was evaluated.Results:All isolates prod.ced.biofilms,but clinical isolates had.significantly higher biomass in both MH-1%glucose(Pd.BHI-glucose 1%(P=0.005).The structural analyses by confocal microscopy showed.thick biofilms,composed.of multiple layers of cells,homogeneously arranged.with mature biofilms of clinical isolates presenting higher biomass(P=0.019)and.thickness of the entire area(P=0.029),and.lower roughness coefficient(P=0.007)than those of environmental isolates.Protease prod.ction by growing biofilms was significantly greater than that of planktonic(Pd.mature biofilms(Pd.ng sid.rophores,mature biofilms presented.higher prod.ction than growing biofilms(Pd.planktonic aggregates(Pd.ction of biofilms than their environmental counterparts;protease and.sid.rophores seem important for growth and.maintenance of Burkhold.ria pseud.mallei biofilms.

关键词： Mangosteen Burkhold.ria pseud.mallei Biofilms Proteases Hemolysins Sid.rophores

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